注水角度对同心筒发射装置降温影响研究

针对某新型同心筒发射过程中存在的热载荷问题,采用筒底持续注水方式对发射装置进行降温,可以有效降低发射过程中燃气对发射装置的热冲击作用。计算中采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和mixture多相流模型求解气液两相流场,建立了考虑导弹运动的三维同心筒发射燃气射流冲击模型,对不同注水角度的湿式同心筒发射装置热物理场进行了分析研究。结果表明,当注水角度为30°时,发射装置内筒外壁面和外筒内壁面的温度最低,燃气对发射装置的热冲击最小。研究结果可为同心筒降温装置设计提供参考。     

水速对潜射导弹出筒流场和弹道影响

为了研究水流速度对潜射导弹出筒过程的影响,基于混合多相流模型、Singhal空化模型和导弹动网格技术对不同流速下导弹弹射出筒过程流场进行数值计算,获得了考虑肩部空化现象的导弹出筒多相物理现象和发射装置载荷。结果表明,流速带来了流场的不对称;随着流速的增加,迎流面空泡长度减小,背流面空泡长度增加;导弹迎流面壁面压强大于背流面压强,从而形成侧向力,弹体在水流方向发生偏转。研究结果对于水下发射理论研究和工程应用具有指导意义。     

吸气式导弹尾部喷流对底部阻力影响数值研究

通过数值模拟方法研究了吸气式导弹尾部喷流对底部阻力的影响.采用内通道截断方法进行热喷状态下流场数值计算,获得了热喷状态下底部干扰流场结构和底部阻力系数,同时研究了燃气属性对热喷效应的影响.最后与冷通气状态流场计算结果进行比较,进一步分析了热喷效应的影响机理.计算结果表明,热喷效应和燃气属性都会对导弹底部阻力产生极大影响.     

二次流对超声速环型空气引射器真空度的影响

采用计算流体力学时间相关法求解二维轴对称Navier Stokes方程,数值模拟求解了二维轴对称超声速环型空气引射器流场。在前期工作基础上,探讨了零二次流时盲腔压强平衡的机理和二次流对引射器真空度的影响。计算表明,二次流对引射器的流场结构影响显著,与零二次流相比,少量的二次流将使引射器真空度大大下降。     

导弹箱式垂直热发射过程燃气流冲击效应研究

为了研究导弹箱式垂直热发射过程燃气流场对导弹及发射装置的影响,使用计算流体力学方法,将燃气流场与导弹运动耦合计算,采用域动分层动网格更新方法模拟了导弹的发射过程,采用多组分冻结流计算燃气流场,得到了导弹热发射过程中流场分布及导弹、发射箱的热、力载荷分布情况,并采用发射试验进行了验证。研究结果表明,导弹在箱内运动过程中,弹表面基本为负压,各测点导弹截面出箱以后,压力迅速升高为一个大气压;在点火时刻弹尾部产生一个775 K的温度峰值,在整个运动过程中,弹表面温度基本保持在300 K;发射箱的温度变化经历先升高,出箱后降低,运动一段距离到超临界状态又升高,随着导弹远离发射箱,箱内表面温度逐渐降低;导弹运动过程中,发射箱内基本为负压,喷管运动至观测点截面附近时,该观测点压力降至最低,之后缓慢升高,到超临界状态,压力下降形成一个波谷,随着导弹远离发射箱,箱内壁面压力逐渐升高为一个大气压。     

导弹结构热防护一体化设计与优化

针对导弹面临的严酷气动热力环境,基于传统波纹夹芯结构,为导弹设计了一种兼具承载和热防护功能的一体化结构。建立热-结构耦合计算模型,对一体化结构进行结构承载与热防护性能分析,结果表明:一体化结构在高温下具有较好的承载能力;增加一体化结构隔热层与内壁厚度有助于提高导弹的热防护效率。以一体化结构热防护效率最高和质量最小为目标,采用第二代非支配排序遗传算法实现了多目标优化,并认识到:一体化结构热防护效率与质量相互影响,设计时需要需综合考虑。     

平面运动激波绕障碍物流动的非结构Euler解

用三角形非结构网格及有限体积法求解Euler方程 ,对运动激波跨越不同截面形状的二维障碍物绕流进行了数值模拟。计算结果给出了不同时刻各流场的复杂结构 ,该结构与实验结果一致。计算表明用非结构算法模拟复杂外形绕流具有简单、准确的特点 ,并能避免尖角处非物理结果的产生     

高超声速飞行器前缘流-热-固一体化计算

针对高超声速流动气动加热与结构传热的复杂耦合问题,探索和研究基于有限体积法的高超声速流-热-固一体化求解方法,将流场与结构温度场进行统一建模与数值模拟。该方法避开了传统气动加热和结构传热耦合求解方法在时间域内进行流场与结构温度场耦合交替迭代计算所带来的大量数据交换与计算,将流场与结构温度场作为一个物理场,采用统一的控制方程进行求解。采用典型高超声速绕流二维圆管稳态或非稳态流-热-固耦合算例对该一体化方法进行验证,稳态时圆管驻点温度最高达到648 K,非稳态时的热流密度和结构温度与参考文献和实验值吻合较好,由此证明了该方法的可靠性和正确性。与耦合计算方法的对比分析结果表明:该一体化求解方法所得计算结果更接近实验值,并且计算量和网格依赖性都相对较小,具有更好的稳定性和计算精度,能为高超声速飞行器一体化热防护设计提供有效的理论和技术支撑。     

ANSYS在导弹及炮弹气动加热分析中的应用

本文提出了一种预测和分析超音速导弹及炮弹气动加热的方法。流场及其特征取决于求解欧拉方程自身的有限体准则。当地附面层速度输入ANSYS后,通过气动参数即可算出有关气动热参数,并可在ANSYS内经热分析给出结构气动加热的温度。     

考虑航行姿态的船模阻力及流场数值预报

为精确得到船模阻力及流场,研究了网格划分、湍流模型及船模姿态对预报结果的影响。首先,采用切割体网格技术及棱柱层网格技术划分了多套网格,研究网格尺寸大小及棱柱层参数对阻力、兴波及伴流场的影响;然后,比较了三种不同湍流模型在船模阻力及伴流场预报中的差异;最后,基于合理的网格划分及湍流模型,采用DFBI的方法预报了船模在不同航速下的姿态及阻力。计算结果表明:当Fr0.25时,不考虑航行姿态时阻力计算误差可达到18.3%。考虑航行姿态变化后,阻力计算误差小于3%;升沉和纵倾的计算值和试验值吻合较好。由此证明:采用DFBI方法考虑船体航行姿态的变化避免了网格变形或者重构,具有较好的收敛性和计算精度。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.