基于主成分分析和神经网络的目标识别

采用主成分分析法将多项识别属性进行综合聚集,减少关联属性对识别的干扰,达到属性约简的目的。利用神经网络进行目标识别,通过优化训练策略,可以提高网络的收敛速度和泛化能力。主成分分析法与神经网络结合既能高效识别已知样本,又能对未知样本具有很强的自学与适应能力,从而有效地对海战场目标进行识别。通过对比仿真,证明了算法的有效性。     

再生分辨矩阵与决策熵的不完备决策系统属性约简

为了有效地解决不完备决策系统的属性约简问题,提高属性约简的效率,提出了基于再生分辨矩阵与决策熵的不完备属性约简算法。该算法利用基于容差关系的分辨矩阵来计算相对核,通过再生分辨矩阵计算再生集和再生集属性来缩小加入约简集的条件属性选择范围,以再生集属性的分辨度和决策熵为依据,选择加入约简集的条件属性,并通过实例进行验证分析。结果表明,该算法适用于协调不完备决策系统与不协调不完备决策系统,能够有效地降低时间复杂度,并得到最优属性约简。     

FCM和粗集在雷达信号识别中的应用研究

连续属性离散化是粗集理论应用中面临的主要问题之一.对连续数据知识挖掘可采用模糊C均值聚类将其离散化,再应用粗集理论将其属性进行约简提取有用规则.将此方法应用于雷达信号类型识别,可以直接从原始数据中得到识别信息,仿真实验结果证明利用此离散化方法得到的识别规则对雷达信号识别是有效和可靠的.     

依据部分属性值的空中目标威胁快速排序方法

针对空中目标威胁排序问题,提出了一种依据部分属性值即可对目标威胁进行快速排序的方法.首先选取具有代表性的样本数据作为案例库;然后确定条件属性和决策属性,在利用K-均值聚类算法对决策属性进行离散化后,提出了一种针对连续条件属性值的全局离散化方法,并对离散化后的案例库进行属性约简并得出决策规则;最后将待排序目标各属性值进行...     

基于条件熵的不完备信息系统属性约简算法

在相容关系下定义了三种不完备条件熵——H′条件熵、E′条件熵和I′条件熵,并对它们的性质进行了分析比较,研究发现,H′条件熵和I′条件熵不适用于相容关系下信息观点的约简。利用E′条件熵刻画信息系统中属性的相对重要性,设计了一种新的基于信息论观点的启发式约简算法,它统一了完备信息系统与非完备信息系统中的约简方法。通过实例说明,该算法能得到决策表的相对约简。     

单段导弹弹道轨迹B样条稳健回归分析

利用B样条基构建了导弹弹道位置、倾角和偏角的拟合函数.利用导弹飞行观测数据,运用稳健回归方法,结合导弹运动学方程对导弹飞行轨迹进行拟合,并进一步分析了拟合误差.对导弹测试数据进行了反复计算、拟合和验证,结果表明:模拟计算结果和真实轨迹的误差可以控制在1 mm内,能较为精确地拟合导弹飞行轨迹曲线,对导弹飞行性能和故障分析具有指导意义.     

无人机地形预处理低空突防轨迹规划技术

针对无人机低空突防飞行问题,提出了一种基于飞行器最大过载约束、爬升角约束和速度约束的数字地形直接平滑技术,设计了多步判断逻辑和山峰保护逻辑以提高平滑收敛速度和对山峰的保护,生成满足无人机飞行性能约束的安全可飞行曲面;在此曲面上进行轨迹规划,避免了复杂的轨迹可飞性和安全性处理工作,提高了轨迹规划效率;利用正交配点法将无人机轨迹规划问题进行离散化,转化为非线性规划问题,并利用序列二次规划方法进行攻击轨迹求解。仿真表明,该技术能快速生成可飞行的攻击轨迹。     

杂合数据的粗糙集属性约简方法

针对决策表中属性取值为杂合数据的情况,提出了基于粗糙集理论的属性约简算法.首先给出了对象间在杂合数据下的相似度计算定义.为了获取合理的对象集合的软划分,给出了阈值计算的最优化模型,并基于粗糙集的上、下近似的概念,得到对象集合在条件属性下的上、下近似的覆盖划分.之后,通过各对象基于条件属性和决策属性的上、下近似下的分布矩阵描述,利用最大分布矩阵,直观地得到两种不同观点下的约简结果.实验结果表明了本算法的合理和有效性.     

基于RBF神经网络的空中目标识别技术

空中目标识别的正确与否对防空火力的部署、分配及有效打击有着重要的意义。利用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络逼近非线性的空中目标识别模型。在RBF神经网络空中目标识别模型中,输入向量是雷达探测到的空中飞行目标的6种目标属性,输出向量是空中飞行目标的类型。通过Matlab的数据仿真结果与传统的BP神经网络目标识别模型相比,该模型的误差更小,可以有效地提高空中目标的识别率。     

粗糙集和FSVM结合的雷达信号识别法

结合粗糙集的属性约简和支持向量机的分类机理,研究了一种混合算法,即应用粗糙集的属性约简过程作为预处理器,可以把冗余的属性及值和冲突的对象从决策表中删去,但不损失任何有效信息;由于传统支持向量机在多分类问题时出现的不可分区域现象,使用了模糊支持向量机进行后面的分类建模和预测,使得训练时间大大缩短和分类性能显著提高。将这种混合方法应用到雷达信号识别中,仿真实验证明该方法是有效的。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.