基于组件化指挥信息系统仿真验证技术

目前,指挥信息系统验证环境存在不同试验项目间或同一项目不同阶段的模型不能达到模块级共享,模型开发不规范、验证环境中的模型可信度不高,验证环境试验配置复杂等问题,基于组件化技术,设计了模块化、集成化、实时高效化、多模态的指挥信息系统仿真验证环境系统架构,详细描述了基于XML作战协议通用对接、基于内存数据库的数据解析与交互、指挥业务模型动态组合等关键技术,并给出了某个指挥信息系统的仿真验证环境的应用案例以及使用流程。该验证环境已经在多个项目中得到了成功应用。     

指挥信息系统综合集成理论与方法

从研究指挥信息系统综合集成的概念入手,对指挥信息系统综合集成理论和方法进行了初步探讨,分析了综合集成的层次,提出了包含综合集成理论、综合集成方法和综合集成框架的指挥信息系统综合集成理论方法体系框架.综合集成理论由综合集成概念、模型和机理组成,综合集成方法分为建模分析方法、集成方法和集成评估方法.对相关的国内外现状进行了总结分析.     

炮兵指挥信息系统训练评估软件的设计与实现

炮兵指挥信息系统训练评估软件是炮兵指挥信息系统训练系统的重要组成部分,首先提出软件的设计规范;接着从结构和功能上对炮兵作战指挥信息系统训练评估软件进行了详细的设计;最后给出一个简要的训练评估过程。     

“以知识为中心”的指挥信息系统概念模型与组成结构

针对当前指挥信息系统建设面临的"信息过载、知识缺乏"的问题,对"以知识为中心"的指挥信息系统进行研究。在分析数据、信息、知识之间概念联系的基础上,阐述了"以知识为中心"的指挥信息系统的概念和内涵,建立了"以知识为中心"的指挥信息系统的抽象概念模型,分析了"以知识为中心"的指挥信息系统的体系结构与组成要素,指出了"以知识为中心"的指挥信息系统所涉及的关键技术,为牵引"以知识为中心"的系统建设与发展提供了理论参考。     

空军网络化指挥信息系统作战效能评估指标体系构建

针对目前网络化指挥信息系统作战效能评估指标体系不完善、且缺乏分项指标计算方法模型等问题,从网络化作战对指挥信息系统的作战需求出发,研究构建了空军网络化指挥信息系统的作战效能评估指标体系,并提出了分项指标概念内涵和计算模型与方法,可为指挥信息系统研制提供参考和支撑,为其作战效能的客观评估提供指标体系和模型方法。     

空军网络化指挥信息系统作战效能评估指标体系构建?

针对目前网络化指挥信息系统作战效能评估指标体系不完善、且缺乏分项指标计算方法模型等问题,从网络化作战对指挥信息系统的作战需求出发,研究构建了空军网络化指挥信息系统的作战效能评估指标体系,并提出了分项指标概念内涵和计算模型与方法,可为指挥信息系统研制提供参考和支撑,为其作战效能的客观评估提供指标体系和模型方法。     

面向指挥信息系统与训练信息系统的桥接互联技术研究

针对指挥信息系统与训练信息系统互联／互通难的问题,采用数据自动转换、信息模板化交互、统一服务接口等方法构建了桥接互联系统,从时空一致性、分辨率一致性、数据一致性等方面对两类系统的互联进行了规范,实现了指挥信息系统与训练信息系统的无缝对接,在系统应用上满足了部队“战训一致”的需求。     

基于需求概念模型的后勤指挥信息系统设计方法研究

针对后勤指挥信息系统总体设计存在的难点,提出了包括层次维、业务维、状态维和关联维四维向量的后勤信息系统需求概念模型,利用该模型进行系统设计迭代演进,形成功能较为完善的后勤指挥信息系统原型。在此基础上,按照层次维“向上看齐”、业务维“向中看齐”、关联维“向左看齐”的原则设计系统架构,提取设计共性功能构件、业务通用构件、专用构件并分析信息交互关系,构建了功能完善的后勤指挥信息系统。     

网络化指挥信息系统弹性度量方法

网络化指挥信息系统弹性反映了网络化指挥信息系统在遭受风险后,能够主动吸收扰动、适应性调整和恢复再生的特性.在剖析网络化指挥信息系统弹性概念内涵的基础上,分析了网络化指挥信息系统的弹性过程和弹性要素,定义了相关弹性要素指标,提出了基于指标非线性聚合的弹性度量方法,为度量与评估网络化指挥信息系统弹性提供了量化模型与评价依据.     

军队指挥信息系统脆性评价分析方法

依据复杂系统脆性基础理论，界定了指挥信息系统脆性概念，建立了指挥信息系统脆弱性分析模型。提出了指挥信息系统脆性评估方法，并以某战术级指挥信息系统脆性评估为例说明了模型的应用，有效地解决了指挥信息系统脆性评估问题，对于系统建设方案优选和改进完善系统具有重要意义。     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9