聚合物封装光纤光栅动态声压增敏有限元分析

采用有限元法对先纤光栅圆柱型封装结构的动态声压增敏效果进行了分析.结果表明:为使光纤光栅的应变均匀一致,光栅应放在正中间位置,且封装材料应足够长.在动态声压作用下,聚合物的泊松比越小,聚合物的杨氏模量越小,光纤光栅的动态声压的灵敏度越高.随着聚合物外径的增加,光纤光栅的动态声压的灵敏度逐步提高.但当封装聚合物的外径增加...     

大深度复合同振式矢量水听器设计

针对目前深海无人移动平台缺乏与其工作深度相匹配的复合同振式矢量水听器的问题,采用薄壁铝合金球壳作为矢量通道,压电陶瓷圆环作为声压通道,设计制作了一型大深度复合同振式矢量水听器,并用理论计算、有限元仿真和实验测试的方法对其声学性能和耐压性能进行了验证。该水听器的外径为85 mm,质量为398 g,平均密度为1 240 kg/m~3,工作频段为20～3 000 Hz,矢量通道呈余弦指向性,灵敏度为-187 dB@500 Hz,声压通道无指向性,灵敏度为-191 dB@500 Hz,耐压深度为2 000 m。海上试验表明,该水听器能够搭载在水下滑翔机等深海无人平台上执行声学探测任务,在大深度声学探测领域具有重大的应用价值。     

皮秒脉冲泵浦的高功率超连续谱光源

实验研究利用皮秒脉冲泵浦光子晶体光纤产生高功率超连续谱输出,探讨制作高功率全光纤超连续谱光源的关键技术,分析不同结构皮秒脉冲光纤激光器泵浦光子晶体光纤产生超连续谱的优缺点.应用重复频率倍增技术降低激光器自身的非线性效应,得到性能参数合适的高功率皮秒脉冲光纤激光器;采用后处理技术将光子晶体光纤输入端扩芯后与双包层光纤进行...     

非致命激光器激光源的选择与研究

介绍了当前激光器的构成及分类,指出不同种类激光器的优缺点,通过分析激光炫目损伤因子,找出非致命激光波长覆盖范围和激光器输出功率,并将常用激光器主要性能进行比对,得出半导体激光器和光纤激光器是适合非致命激光武器的激光源.     

低阶像差校正的压电驱动变形镜测试与仿真优化

光纤激光器输出光束带有波前畸变,制约了光学系统的性能和工作效率。搭建实验系统分析了超连续谱光纤激光器系统输出光束的像差特性,不同波长的滤波片测试像差均以离焦为主。根据这一特点制备了3单元单层横向压电驱动变形镜样镜,并进行特性测试。变形镜影响函数有限元仿真和实测吻合度可达77%以上,一阶谐振频率12. 1 k Hz。以实际像差为对象进行闭环仿真,校正精度达到0. 77。另外,从校正精度及行程两个方面对变形镜进行了有限元优化仿真。结果 9单元变形镜(有效口径7. 5 mm)校正精度达到0. 9左右。镜片与压电片厚度比存在最优值约0. 3,行程可提升60%以上。     

固体激光器的发展及军事应用

固体激光器是以掺杂的玻璃、晶体或透明陶瓷等固体材料为工作物质的激光器。从世界上第一台激光器发明至今,固体激光技术取得了很大的发展,主要表现三个方面:第一,工作物质不断改进。最初是红宝石激光器,后来出现了钕玻璃和掺钕钇铝石榴石激光器,现在又有了掺钕镓钆石榴石激光器。还有报道称,目前出现了以陶瓷为基质的新型激光材料。第二是泵浦光源的改进。最初是闪光灯,后来发展为弧光灯, 现在出现了高功率激光二极管泵浦。第三是工作物质结构的改变。从最初的棒式结构发展成板条式,又到后来的光纤式结构。     

基于矢量水听器的水下目标定位系统

单个矢量水听器测量目标俯仰角精度不高,且不能对目标距离进行估计,针对此问题,提出了一种结合矢量水听器和声压水听器的三元阵被动定位新方法.利用矢量水听器获得的声强信息,采用直方图估计法进行目标方位估计;利用三元垂直线阵获得的时延信息,进行目标俯仰角和距离估计,从而实现了对目标的定位.对算法进行了仿真验证并搭建定位系统进行...     

电激励HF/DF化学激光器放电管管径优化实验研究

减小现有电激励HF/DF化学激光器放电管的内径有利于多模块集成,并可能有利于提高激光器性能.对内径分别为28mm、20mm、16mm的三种放电管的辉光放电特性及激光器运行参数进行了实验研究.注入NF3后,三种放电管中等离子体发生了不同程度的收缩现象.内径20mm放电管收缩比率最小,而且总耗气量最低,激光器输出功率和电光...     

光纤光栅压力传感器封装增敏技术

介绍了封装对光纤光栅纤内谐振腔的光学特性的影响、基于压力增敏的光纤光栅封装的物理机制及其研究进展,综述了解决应变和温度交叉敏感问题的方法,提出了一种基于压力传感增敏效果好的多层封装结构,同时还利用2种聚合物不同的力学特性,设计了一种解决应变和温度交叉敏感的封装方法,讨论了封装材料对增敏效果的影响.     

基于卡尔曼滤波的单矢量水听器水中多目标方位跟踪

对单矢量水听器接收的声压和质点振速信息进行联合处理,采用量子粒子群求解声压和质点振速组成的非线性相关方程组,从而实现多目标声源方位的估计。对于低信噪比的情况,难免会引入较大的方位估计误差。采用最小二乘法对目标方位轨迹进行拟合并建立预测模型,然后通过卡尔曼滤波对单矢量水听器估计的目标方位轨迹进行优化。结果表明：单矢量水听器能够同时分辨多个目标方位,解算结果应用统计特性表示;信噪比越高,分辨率和精度越高,偏差越小;对于水中目标而言,1阶多项式足以进行方位轨迹拟合,再采用卡尔曼滤波能够有效提高目标方位跟踪精度。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.