ICAO二阶阶跃畸变模型下的SAIM接收机测距精度分析

测距精度是评估卫星自主完好性监测（SAIM）接收机在导航信号畸变环境下工作性能的一个重要指标,论文从数学上推导出了SAIM接收机在国际民航组织（ICAO）二阶阶跃畸变模型下采用早晚相干跟踪处理时测距精度与畸变模型参数的解析表达式,理论分析和仿真结果表明数字畸变将导致接收机伪码鉴相器输出曲线存在过零点偏差,数字畸变量基本不影响接收机测距方差;模拟畸变将扭曲相关峰函数和鉴相器输出曲线,但鉴相器输出基本上不存在过零点偏差,模拟畸变参数、前端滤波器带宽和早晚码间距共同影响接收机的测距方差。     

二阶阶跃模型下导航信号畸变对接收机载噪比估计影响分析

载噪比作为评估导航信号质量的重要指标,直接影响着接收机的捕获、跟踪和电文解调性能。推导了基于国际民航组织二阶阶跃信号畸变模型下导航接收机采用相关、非相关处理时载噪比估计与畸变模型参数之间的解析表达式,并分析了畸变参数对导航接收机载噪比估计误差的影响。理论分析及仿真结果表明:数字畸变参数变化范围下导航信号载噪比变化在10-2量级,增大模拟畸变的振荡频率或者减小衰减频率将会提高载噪比估计值,模拟畸变参数变化引起的载噪比损耗可达0.1d BHz,畸变参数对载噪比估计的影响整体上都较小,因此导航接收机的载噪比输出不能作为监测导航信号是否异常的完备检测量。     

ICAO二阶阶跃模型下信号畸变对导航接收机载噪比估计影响分析

载噪比是评估导航信号质量的重要指标,直接影响着接收机的捕获、跟踪和电文解调性能。论文推导了基于国际民航组织（ICAO）二阶阶跃信号畸变模型下导航接收机采用相关、非相关处理时载噪比估计与信号畸变参数之间的解析表达式,并分析了导航信号畸变参数对载噪比估计的影响。仿真结果表明,数字畸变参数变化范围下导航信号载噪比变化在10-2量级,增大模拟畸变的振荡频率或者减小衰减频率将会提高载噪比估计值,模拟畸变参数变化引起的载噪比损耗可达0.1dBHz,畸变参数对载噪比估计的影响整体上都较小,因此利用接收机输出载噪比作为导航信号异常监测手段是不完备的。     

卫星导航接收机鉴相器有限字长效应研究

卫星导航接收机跟踪信号的能力取决于锁相环的跟踪精度,相位鉴别器在锁相环设计中具有重要地位。针对点积鉴相器和二象限反正切鉴相器在输入信号有限字长效应下,对鉴相器性能的影响问题,建立了鉴相器有限字长误差模型。通过理论推导输入信号的统计特性,计算得到鉴相器输入信号均值和方差表达式,并分析了有限字长对鉴相器的均值和方差、收敛区间和鉴别增益的影响情况。由理论和仿真验证,得出了鉴相器在输入信号有效位数3比特以上时,对环路跟踪精度没有影响的结论。     

基于星间链路GNSS自主完好性加权算法

全球卫星导航系统在自主导航工作模式下,传统的地面支持完好性系统无法满足用户的完好性要求。因此提出一种基于星间链路的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)自主完好性加权算法,通过改进稳健估计理论中的M-估计对星间链路测距加权的计算方法,降低故障卫星星间测距值的影响,以保持星座自主时间同步和精密定轨处理的连续、稳定与精度。仿真结果表明,在一颗及两颗故障卫星情况下,基于星间链路的GNSS自主完好性加权算法,可以有效地消除故障卫星对自主导航精密定轨的影响,星座具有与无故障时相当的自主定轨精度。     

伪卫星增强系统参考站接收机的测距偏差及优化

伪卫星相对地面用户是静止的,因此卫星与参考站接收机之间的距离几乎是不变的。在这种情况下,采样和量化引入的误差不再服从高斯分布,从而影响接收机的测量精度。为了解决这一问题,建立了卫星导航接收机的离散数字信号模型,并在此基础上分析了采样和量化对测距偏差的影响,通过仿真验证了结论的正确性,并提出了伪卫星增强系统下参考站接收机的优化设计方法。     

星地非理想通道下的导航信号测距偏差分析

针对广义信道下伪码测距偏差与各部分通道测距偏差叠加值的等效性问题,研究星地叠加通道和部分通道特性对伪码测距偏差的影响,并对实际通道中伪距"分层"现象的成因展开分析。通道非理想特性会对导航信号伪码跟踪性能产生影响,综合考虑星地两端通道的非理想特性,通过对导航信号伪码跟踪函数和不同类型通道建模,研究了星地叠加通道和部分通道特性对伪码测距偏差的影响。结合几类典型星地非理想通道,利用软件接收机展开仿真验证。通过分析几类典型通道对伪码测距偏差的影响,解释了零基线双差观测量中伪距"分层"现象的成因。文中模型与相关分析方法可用于解释相关信号质量问题,并指导接收机通道的最优化设计。     

卫星导航接收机延迟锁定环鉴相器有限字长分析

码相位鉴别器作为延迟锁定环的主要组成部分,其性能直接影响了接收机伪码的跟踪精度。针对输入信号有限字长效应对鉴相器性能的影响,提出一种新的基于信号统计特性的分析方法,分析了归一化早迟幅度鉴相器输入信号有限字长对输出性能的影响。理论分析和仿真结果表明,字长效应在输入信号高信噪比下比低信噪比时明显,随着信噪比的增加,由有限字长导致的伪码跟踪精度损失将增加,而当输入信号采用4bit以上的量化时,字长效应对伪码跟踪性能的影响将可忽略。该结论可用于指导接收机低功耗小型化设计。     

全球卫星导航系统自主导航完好性隔离算法

全球卫星导航系统在自主导航工作模式下,为了保持星座系统的稳定,保证系统的完好性,需要对故障卫星进行及时可靠的隔离。因此提出一种基于星间链路的全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)自主完好性隔离算法,分析全球卫星导航系统故障判别方式,设计了基于星间链路的故障隔离流程,提出了基于星间测距误差和判别的故障检测及隔离算法。仿真结果表明,基于星间链路的GNSS自主完好性隔离算法,可以有效隔离故障卫星,保持星座自主导航精度,并且算法实现复杂度较小,易于工程实现。     

信道带宽对码相关参考波形算法码跟踪精度的影响

相关文献对码相关参考波形算法码跟踪精度的研究,主要是针对无限信道带宽条件下,仿真分析闸宽参数对码跟踪精度的影响,并未分析信道带宽影响。因此,推导了码相关参考波形算法码跟踪精度表达式,分析信道带宽对码相关参考波形算法跟踪精度的影响并进行仿真验证。结论表明,在无限带宽下,减小闸波宽度可提高码跟踪精度,但是在带限条件下,闸波宽度存在最优值。该结论可用于指导卫星导航接收机的码相关参考波形算法设计。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.