基于改进粒子群算法的单预警机动态航迹规划

现代战争的战场环境复杂多变,要求预警机必须在执行任务过程中根据临时获取的战场信息进行实时动态航迹规划,因此动态航迹规划具有更强的实战意义。基于此,首先分析了预警机航迹规划与目前研究的飞行器航迹规划的不同,指出目前研究的静态航迹规划方法不能满足动态规划的实时性要求;其次,对影响预警机动态航迹规划的主要因素进行数学建模后得出代价函数;然后,基于改进粒子群优化算法对其进行动态航迹寻优;最后,通过matlab仿真证明了设计的方法能够自动进行动态航迹规划和评价选优,同时能够满足实时性要求。     

MOQPSO/D算法求解不确定目标分配问题

为了增强不确定目标分配对战场态势变化的适应性,提出了一种基于分解的多目标量子行为粒子群算法(MOQPSO/D)的不确定目标分配方法.基于模糊多目标规划方法建立了不确定目标分配模型.以MOEA/D为算法框架,以QPSO算法为寻优手段提出了一种MOQPSO/D算法.通过粒子编码和非法粒子调整,将MOQPSO/D算法成功应用于求解目标分配模型.仿真结果表明:采用多目标优化方法能有效增强不确定目标分配对战场态势变化的适应性;MOQPSO/D算法在求解目标分配模型时要明显优于MOEA/D及MOEMD-CD算法.     

基于多优化策略RRT的无人机实时航线规划

研究无人机在复杂战场环境中的实时航线规划问题。提出一种基于多优化策略RRT的无人机实时航线规划算法,解决了无人机在敌方雷达威胁密集部署环境下,面对突发威胁实时规划航线,实现安全飞行的问题。首先精确建立防空雷达模型,有效压缩雷达威胁空间;进一步设计基于目标启发的优化策略使算法能够快速收敛。采用冗余节点裁剪的策略减小航线长度,提高航线平滑性。仿真结果表明,该算法能够有效规避突发威胁,生成航线优化性良好。基于多优化策略RRT的无人机实时航线规划算法具备良好的实时性和优化性,能够满足复杂环境下无人机的安全飞行要求。     

动态威胁环境下单无人机测向定位航迹优化算法

为解决单架无人机在动态战场环境下的测向定位问题,提出了一种基于动态窗口法的单机测向定位航迹优化算法。以最大化Fisher信息矩阵行列式为测向定位评价准则,在由动态探测雷达和静/动障碍构成的动态战场环境中,基于动态窗口法思想,将测向定位航迹优化评价准则由传统的单步最优原则扩展到对多步预测航迹的评价,同时考虑雷达探测和静/动障碍环境对预测航迹的影响,通过滚动时域方法控制无人机最优航向。仿真结果表明,所提方法能够使无人机在有效逃避雷达探测威胁以及规避环境中静/动障碍的条件下保证对目标的高精度测向定位,为解决动态战场环境下的单架无人机测向定位问题提供了新思路。     

基于语义发布订阅系统的战场态势实时分发技术

随着战争形态的多样化和范围的越来越广,战场态势呈现信息量大、复杂性、无规则性、多变性。针对现有的发布/订阅系统不能支持复杂结构的态势来进行事件发布和订阅的语义匹配,提出了基于语义发布订阅系统的战场态势实时分发技术。采用本体描述战场态势的概念模型,采用RDF图表示需求方订阅条件,基于该战场态势本体设计高效的发布订阅匹配算法。实验结果表明,该技术能够支持复杂战场态势实时分发和具有较高的订阅匹配效率。     

一种基于蚁群算法的准动态防空武器分配算法

武器目标分配问题是一个典型的限制组合优化问题,旨在得到在整个防御阶段中针对目标函数的最优武器分配方案。分配算法主要分为静态和动态两大类。针对传统静态分配模型中存在的几点问题,提出了基于时间窗的准动态武器目标分配算法,该算法综合考虑拦截概率、拦截时间和武器耗费多个优化指标,并将该算法推广至多类防空武器的优化分配中。通过大量实验验证,该算法在性能、时间复杂度等方面均有较大优势,并且能较好地适应战场态势的变化,及时调整分配方案,具有很好的实用性。     

基于量子双向RRT算法的多平台反舰导弹协同航路规划

针对反舰导弹航路规划面临的动态威胁环境和多平台协同打击问题,提出了一种基于量子双向RRT算法的反舰导弹协同航路规划方法。采用动态坐标设置动态威胁,实时地避开动态威胁;通过取预规划终点方法,实现对目标的时间和空间协同打击;结合量子进化思想,将RRT算法中的扩展方向量子化表示,提出了一种量子双向RRT算法,并应用于航路规划。仿真结果表明,该方法可有效规避动态威胁和解决多平台反舰导弹航路规划的协同问题,并显著地改善了RRT算法的全局收敛性,得到了航程更短的航路。     

合成分队动态武器目标分配协同决策模型

针对合成分队地面作战特点,提出了一种动态武器目标分配的协同决策模型,该模型基于一种自适应决策中心的协同决策体系结构,以战场信息共享为核心,实现动态火力协同优化分配。提出了针对战场应急目标的一种快速火力分配方法,提高火力整体打击效率的火力适度分配优化方法,适应战场态势动态变化的anytime终止控制方法。仿真实例表明,该模型能够满足合成分队火力动态分配的需求,提高动态武器目标分配决策的合理性和科学性。     

复杂海战场环境下AUV全局路径规划方法

针对无人自主水下航行器(Autonomous Underwater Vehicle, AUV)在复杂海战场环境中路径规划时环境模型复杂、约束条件多的情况,建立了包括战场地形、敌方威胁、障碍物和海流场等在内的比较完善的海战场环境模型。以AUV航行时间、威胁时间最短为优化目标,给出了一种基于振荡型入侵野草优化(Invasive Weeds Optimization, IWO)算法的AUV全局路径规划方法,并分别与标准IWO算法、全振荡型IWO算法以及粒子群算法等三种路径规划算法比较。仿真结果表明,所提方法具有较强的寻优能力和鲁棒性,可在复杂海战场环境下为AUV高效地规划出满足性能要求的航行路径。     

近海威胁目标威胁度评估与无人艇兵力分配

针对近海防御战中威胁目标规模小、速度快、灵活性强的特点,为提高无人水面艇编队御敌的作战效能,及动态适应战场态势的复杂变化,提出近海威胁目标威胁度评估模型和无人艇调度分配方案.建立威胁度影响要素框架,设计各影响要素的效用函数,通过熵权法和TOPSIS算法得出威胁目标的威胁度,并对蚁群算法中的信息蒸发系数进行改进,基于威胁...     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.