基于Kalman预测的自适应线性化信号的生成方法

自旋弹体的姿态通常采用单通道控制方法进行控制。该方法中采用线性化信号对控制信号进行调制,而线性化信号采用固定频率随机相位的信号发生器产生,这就会对弹体控制产生不良的影响。提出了一种基于Kalman预测的自适应线性化信号的实现方法。该方法通过弹旋频率测定、频率的Kalman预测和信号发生器实现了线性化信号对弹旋信号的同步、自适应倍频、定步长、定幅度的信号发生功能。仿真实验证明了方的正确性,为更加合理的控制自旋导弹的姿态提供了一种有效的方法。     

用复卷积对自适应预失真器的分析

随着移动通信中线性调制方式的出现 ,功率放大器的线性化已成为一个重要的研究课题。通常采用预失真线性化技术来提高功率放大器的线性度、减小带外发射。用复频谱卷积方法对移动发射机中功率放大器进行线性化的自适应预失真器进行了研究 ,理论分析和仿真结果表明 ,可用一种不需要任何附加本机振荡器或相位参考的复卷积方法测量带外功率并利用该量对预失真器系数进行最佳调整 ,从而使带外功率达到最小。     

基于线性化模型的船舶航迹滑模控制器的设计

针对船舶航迹非线性被控对象中的非线性环节,论述了如何通过两种线性化手段即局部线性化方法和模糊线性化方法,对船舶航迹控制的数学模型进行近似线性化。将两种方法的仿真结果进行比较,并在此基础上提出一种简明实用的滑模控制方案。结果表明,此方法是成功可行的,其控制规律对系统工作条件的变化具有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于反馈线性化的EMS型磁浮列车非线性悬浮控制器设计

悬浮系统控制技术是EMS型磁浮列车的关键技术之一。针对悬浮系统的非线性特征,设计了一种非线性悬浮控制器。在合理假设的基础上,建立了EMS型磁浮列车悬浮系统的非线性数学模型;通过反馈线性化将该非线性模型精确线性化,得到等价的线性模型,采用状态反馈的方法设计了非线性控制器。仿真结果表明,该非线性控制器的控制性能明显优于传统的局部近似线性化方法设计的控制器,对间隙干扰和负载干扰具有鲁棒性。     

基于正交最小二乘估计的非线性时间序列的预测

在对非线性时间序列的短期预测中经常采用局部线性化的预测算法 ,原有的算法使用普通最小二乘法 (LS)估计近似线性模型的参数。对于存在噪声的数据 ,该算法的数值稳定性较差。本文在对非线性空间进行局部线性化的基础上 ,采用正交最小二乘方法 (OLS)对线性模型同时进行结构选择与参数辨识 ,改善了数值的病态特性 ,增强了算法的稳定性     

基于反馈线性化及滑模控制的俯冲机动制导方法

以高超声速飞行器为研究对象,针对俯冲段精确制导及机动突防问题,基于反馈线性化与滑模控制研究了机动突防滑模跟踪制导方法。首先设计纵向俯冲及侧向机动弹道,其次利用反馈线性化将非线性运动方程转化为线性方程,基于该线性方程利用滑模控制对已设计的弹道进行跟踪,最终将线性跟踪制导律转换到非线性系统中获得非线性滑模跟踪制导律,该制导律完全基于飞行器当前运动状态,所需的相对运动信息大大减少。CAV-H飞行器制导实例仿真表明,该方法能够实现俯冲段精确制导及机动飞行,且对初始及过程偏差具有较强的鲁棒性,能够为高超声速飞行器俯冲段制导提供有益参考。     

反馈线性化导弹末制导自适应控制方法

根据导弹响应快和精度高的基本要求,提出了在导弹变向跟踪接近目标时,用输入-输出的线性化来近似研究导弹的非线性运动控制,重点对导弹制导控制过程中的线性化控制方法进行了研究和数学推导,针对导弹制导设计过程中的非线性控制问题,用消除内反馈和零极点的方法,近似线性化地来研究导弹的非线性运动控制,然后通过自适应控制进一步提高了马赫数和质量在较大范围(35%)内变化时系统的响应精度和稳定性.将该方法应用于导弹跟踪飞行控制,通过计算机仿真,结果比较满意.     

大攻角飞行导弹自动驾驶仪反馈线性化设计

针对大攻角空空导弹飞行过程中复杂的非线性空气动力学特性,提出了采用反馈线性化进行控制器设计的方法.在完成导弹俯仰通道的非线性建模的基础上,采用反馈线性化理论对导弹模型进行精确线性化,然后,对线性化后的系统给出了变结构控制系统设计.最后,通过仿真验证了所设计的控制器具有良好的动态性能及较好的工程参考价值.     

导弹俯仰通道制导控制一体化设计

根据弹目相对运动关系及导弹系统模型,建立了导弹俯仰通道制导控制一体化模型。利用反馈线性化方法将该模型转化成为可控线性系统,基于自适应反演控制方法设计了控制器对转换后的系统进行控制。仿真结果表明,制导控制一体化设计能够有效减小导弹脱靶量,缩短导弹系统响应时间。     

基于UKF的机动目标跟踪算法

基于EKF在处理非线性问题时采用系统预测状态的局部线性化方法来近似系统状态演化方程所产生的不良影响,提出了一种用UKF方法解决机动目标方位和速度的跟踪及估计问题的算法.按实际的非线性模型演化时,该算法能够很好地对非线性函数的后验均值与方差进行拟合,并充分利用了传感器每次量测带来的信息并进一步优化了测量方差.仿真试验表明,该算法能很好地对机动目标的速度和航迹进行估计和跟踪.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.