使用位置量测值乘积的多目标跟踪(二)

六、SME滤波器的稳定性 在这一节中,我们研究SME滤波器的非常重要的特性,就是由下式(C=I_N)给定的估计误差方程(48)的非强制部分的渐近特性     

电子战研究注重海军虚拟现实技术

美国海军研究实验室正在开展利用虚拟现实技术实现电子战仿真的研究,本文对这一称为“海军电子战系统效能分析(ENEWS)”的项目进行了综合介绍,阐述了它的研制目的、系统功能、技术实现原理与工具、系统构成、软件和人机接口设计,并对该项目的开发现状和发展前景作了评述和展望。     

用于A/D转换的多级神经网络

本文介绍多级神经元并说明它在神经网络多级A/D转换器中的应用。用改进的Lee和Sheu方法定义了适用于多级神经网络的能量函数,由此消除了A/D转换的局部最小值问题。在允许我们在神经元输出和阈值设定中考虑两个以上离散级的意义上,能量函数是其他类似函数的扩展。我们还介绍如何构造和实现多级非线性,并介绍利用BiCMOS技术实现A/D转换多级神经网络的一种方法。用计算机仿真说明这种设计是如何运作的。并介绍用于多级A/D转换的各个VLSI芯片部件的测量值,以说明每个部件是如何工作的。     

动摇不定的亿万美元舰艇——美国海军SSN-21“海狼“计划

一年前华盛顿防务权威们就已经开始为SSN-21——美国海军建议的21世纪“超级潜艇”——敲起丧钟。原高级众议院武装部队委员会（HASC）助理托尼·巴蒂斯塔要求海军放弃SSN-21计划,回到绘图桌前重新设计更好的舰艇。国会也基本同意巴蒂斯塔和其他评论家的意见。     

未来十年的防御技术

防御系统发展的新趋势是建立战场环境的一种新的处理模式:今后使用能探测和处理一系列所得信号的高集成系统,可对敌人的威胁作出更快、更准确的反应。 新材料和材料处理技术是这类设想的系统的基础。到目前为止仍被看作是相互竞争的技术将被组合在同一设备子系统里。例如,在一衬底上集成硅和砷化镓（GaAs）,将光学和电子信号处理综合在一片组件里。有一种设想是组成一种小型的、高性能多处理机来执行重要     

全欧数字式移动无线电系统的六种中比特速率编码器的评估

自1982年以来,在欧洲邮政与电信管理联合会(CEPT)的移动通信专家组(GSM)协调下,一种数字式蜂窝状移动无线电系统在欧洲已经在研制之中。在最近的一次协调实验中,已完成了对此系统的六种待选的16kbit/s 语声编码方案输出的试听评价测试。实验包含一个规则脉冲激励编码器,一个多脉冲激励编码器,和四个子带编码器。由 CSELT(意大利)主持了一次实验性会议,在七个不同的实验室里完成其主观测试。为了比较的目的,实验中包含了对正在使用的一种蜂窝式压扩 FM 系统的测试。这六种编译码器 Codec 在主观质量,传输延迟,和实现的难易程度方面进行了比较。在这方面的对比中,没有哪个 Codec 在各方面都好。总之,规则脉冲激励的线性编测预码器(RPE-LPC)能提供最好的语声质量,它有允许的复杂性和延迟,因而被选出供进一步改进。最后,这种 Codec 的一种改进形式,即带有长期预测的规则脉冲激励 LPC(RPE—LPC)编码器被选用于欧洲数字移动系统。     

Evaluation of effectiveness of polymer coatings in reducing blast-induced deformation of steel plates

Incorporating elastomers such as polymers in protective structures to withstand high energetic dynamic loads, has gained significant interest. The main objective of this study is to investigate the influence of a Polyurea coating towards the blast-induced response in steel plates. As such, Polyurea coated steel plates were tested under near-field blast loads, produced by the detonation of 1 kg of spherical nitromethane charges, at a standoff distance of 150 mm. Mild steel (XLERPLATE 350) and high-strength steel (BIS80) plates with thicknesses of 10 mm were Polyurea coated with thicknesses of 6 mm and 12 mm on either the front (facing the charge) or the back face. The deformation profiles were measured using 3D scanning. Numerical simulations were performed using the non-linear finite element code LS-DYNA. The strain-dependent behaviour of the steel and Polyurea were represented by Johnson-cook and Money-Rivlin constitutive models, respectively. The numerical models were validated by comparing the plate deflection results obtained from the experiments and were then used in the subsequent parametric study to investigate the optimum thickness of the Polyurea coating. The results indicate that back face coating contributes towards an approximately 20% reduction in the residual deformation as well as the absence of melting of the Polyurea layer, while the front-face coating can be used a means of providing additional standoff distance to the steel plates.     

Experimental and numerical investigations of interface properties of Ti6Al4V/CP-Ti/Copper composite plate prepared by explosive welding

Explosive welding technique is widely used in many industries. This technique is useful to weld different kinds of metal alloys that are not easily welded by any other welding methods. Interlayer plays an important role to improve the welding quality and control energy loss during the collision process. In this paper, the Ti6Al4V plate was welded with a copper plate in the presence of a commercially pure titanium interlayer. Microstructure details of welded composite plate were observed through optical and scanning electron microscope. Interlayer-base plate interface morphology showed a wavy structure with solid melted regions inside the vortices. Moreover, the energy dispersive spectroscopy analysis in the interlayer-base interface reveals that there are some identified regions of different kinds of chemical equilibrium phases of Cu–Ti, i.e. CuTi, Cu₂Ti, CuTi₂, Cu₄Ti, etc. To study the mechanical properties of composite plates, mechanical tests were conducted, including the tensile test, bending test, shear test and Vickers hardness test. Numerical simulation of explosive welding process was performed with coupled Smooth Particle Hydrodynamic method, Euler and Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian method. The multi-physics process of explosive welding, including detonation, jetting and interface morphology, was observed with simulation. Moreover, simulated plastic strain, temperature and pressure profiles were analysed to understand the welding conditions. Simulated results show that the interlayer base plate interface was created due to the high plastic deformation and localized melting of the parent plates. At the collision point, both alloys behave like fluids, resulting in the formation of a wavy morphology with vortices, which is in good agreement with the experimental results.     

Impact of atmospheric turbulence on coherent beam combining for laser weapon systems

The performance of a laser weapon system based on coherent beam combining (CBC) depends on its propagation properties in the atmosphere. In this study, an analytical model based on partial coherent beam combining (PCBC) for assumed coherence coefficients between beams in a CBC lattice was developed. The Kolmogorov model of atmospheric turbulence and the Hufnagel-Valley model of Cn2 dependence on atmospheric parameters were implemented. Novel simplified metrics were proposed to assess the CBC performance. Several beam profiles (super-Gaussian, truncated Gaussian, etc.) and ge-ometries were analyzed in terms of maximal intensity in the far field. An approximate formula for PCBC efficiency dependent on the Fried radius was proposed. The results of CBC modeling were compared to those of the Gaussian beam propagation model in a turbulent atmosphere. The dependence of CBC performance on the Cn2 parameter, range, and elevation angle was analyzed. It could be concluded that the application of CBC for medium and long range propagation is impractical without an effective adaptive optics system.     

Damage to aircraft composite structures caused by directed energy system: A literature review

This paper presents a comprehensive review of the research studies on direct energy system effect on aircraft composite structures to develop a good understanding of state-of-the-art research and devel-opment in this area. The review begins with the application of composite materials in the aircraft structures and highlights their particular areas of application and limitations. An overview of directed energy system is given. Some of the commonly used systems in this category are discussed and the working principles of laser energy systems are described. The experimental and numerical studies re-ported regarding the aircraft composite structures subject to the effect of directed energy systems, especially the laser systems are reviewed in detail. In particularly, the general effects of laser systems and the relevant damage mechanisms against the composite structures are reported. The review draws attention to the recent research and findings in this field and is expected to guide engineers/researchers in future theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies.