基于新课程理念的数学课堂教学预设与生成的和谐构建

凡事预则立,不预则废,教学也如此。众所周知,无论教学设计多么周密,教学过程中总会出现很多预想不到的"可能",如果教师能冷静处理这些意外,跳出预设的思路,及时调整,顺应学生的思路,尊重学生的发现,使学生在参与和感受"问题解决"的过程中,既长知识,又长智慧,这才是本体意义上的数学学习。本文通过讨论怎样让"预设"和"生成"和谐,寻找使课堂教学达到最佳的效果。     

Choosing arrival process models for service systems: Tests of a nonhomogeneous Poisson process

Service systems such as call centers and hospital emergency rooms typically have strongly time‐varying arrival rates. Thus, a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP) is a natural model for the arrival process in a queueing model for performance analysis. Nevertheless, it is important to perform statistical tests with service system data to confirm that an NHPP is actually appropriate, as emphasized by Brown et al. [8]. They suggested a specific statistical test based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov (KS) statistic after exploiting the conditional‐uniform (CU) property to transform the NHPP into a sequence of i.i.d. random variables uniformly distributed on [0,1] and then performing a logarithmic transformation of the data. We investigate why it is important to perform the final data transformation and consider what form it should take. We conduct extensive simulation experiments to study the power of these alternative statistical tests. We conclude that the general approach of Brown et al. [8] is excellent, but that an alternative data transformation proposed by Lewis [22], drawing upon Durbin [10], produces a test of an NHPP test with consistently greater power. We also conclude that the KS test after the CU transformation, without any additional data transformation, tends to be best to test against alternative hypotheses that primarily differ from an NHPP only through stochastic and time dependence. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 66–90, 2014     

A balancing problem for mixed model assembly lines with a paced moving conveyor

We state a balancing problem for mixed model assembly lines with a paced moving conveyor as: Given the daily assembling sequence of the models, the tasks of each model, the precedence relations among the tasks, and the operations parameters of the assembly line, assign the tasks of the models to the workstations so as to minimize the total overload time. Several characteristics of the problem are investigated. A line‐balancing heuristic is proposed based on a lower bound of the total overload time. A practical procedure is provided for estimating the deviation of any given line‐balance solution from the theoretical optimum. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the methodology. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004.     

On the uncapacitated K‐commodity network design problem with zero flow‐costs

Extending Sastry's result on the uncapacitated two‐commodity network design problem, we completely characterize the optimal solution of the uncapacitated K‐commodity network design problem with zero flow costs for the case when K = 3. By solving a set of shortest‐path problems on related graphs, we show that the optimal solutions can be found in O(n³) time when K = 3, where n is the number of nodes in the network. The algorithm depends on identifying a list of “basic patterns”; the number of basic patterns grows exponentially with K. We also show that the uncapacitated K‐commodity network design problem can be solved in O(n³) time for general K if K is fixed; otherwise, the time for solving the problem is exponential. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004     

复杂战场环境下的防空反导光学成像制导技术

光学成像制导技术是提升精确制导武器防空反导能力的核心技术之一,对提高复杂战场环境下精确制导武器的防空反导能力具有十分重要的作用。针对复杂战场环境下防空反导的需求,首先深入分析了各种复杂战场环境要素给光学成像制导武器带来的挑战,然后对未来光学成像制导技术发展趋势进行预测,最后结合我国光学成像制导技术发展现状,介绍了未来几年间需重点探索的几种新型光学成像制导技术。     

MIMO雷达弹头目标微动模型及微多普勒效应

弹头目标识别是弹道导弹防御系统中最为关键的技术之一。将多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达技术和微多普勒特征分析技术引入弹道中段目标识别,可有效克服弹头隐身技术和有源干扰技术等对识别带来的困难,提高识别精度。建立了MIMO雷达中弹头目标的微动模型,给出了弹头自旋、锥旋和进动引起的微多普勒效应的参数化表达,并通过对仿真回波数据进行时频分析验证了理论分析的正确性,为弹头目标的准确识别提供了新的理论依据。     

高速射弹超空泡的形态特性

为了掌握高速射弹超空泡的形态特性,利用某口径火炮进行了射击试验,射弹最大初速达900m/s。获得了射弹超空泡形态的高速影像;分析了射弹超空泡形态演变过程及超空泡形态参量(长度、直径、长细比等)随空化数变化的规律。研究结果表明:空泡直径变化分为快速扩张阶段、缓变阶段和快速收缩阶段,三个阶段耗时比约为7∶12∶6;空泡的扩张过程与收缩过程耗时比约为2∶1;空泡无量纲长度、无量纲直径和长细比均随着空化数的增大而减小。     

MFC环境下GLStudio组件交互方法

针对MFC环境下GLStudio组件交互困难的问题,从GLStudio使用环境和开发基本流程人手,提出了一种MFC环境下GLStudio组件绘制和交互方法,阐述了虚拟组件操作和MFC环境下GLStudioAPI的对应关系,并给出了连续旋钮人机交互的具体算法．     

计算机网络级联失效建模与分析

针对以往级联失效模型负载局部重分配规则与现实计算机网络全局路由特点不吻合的缺陷,模拟网络中信息流传输过程。定义路由器的失效条件,建立基于负载全局重分配的级联失效模型,并在此基础上提出基于连通和性能两方面的级联失效影响评价参数,进而分析用户流量和攻击方式对计算机网络级联失效的影响。结果表明,随着流量的增大,级联失效存在相变行为,相变点刻画了网络在不会发生级联失效前提下的最大传输能力。此外,针对网络中高度节点的攻击,更为容易引发大规模的级联失效,应予以重点保护。     

一个新混沌系统的混沌控制与同步

针对一个新的三维自治混沌系统,研究了该系统的控制与同步现象。根据李雅普诺夫稳定性理论,运用自适应控制方法对该系统进行了混沌控制,设计了实现其同步的一个非线性控制器,运用Matlab数值仿真验证了设计的有效性。