高超声速飞行器常规螺线管磁控热防护系统可行性分析

针对高超声速飞行器鼻锥热防护,构造常规圆柱螺线管磁控热防护系统的物理模型。采用低磁雷诺数磁流体数学模型,对外加磁场作用下的高超声速鼻锥流场进行数值模拟;分析常规螺线管磁控热防护系统的有效磁感应强度范围;给出满足导线电流密度工作极限的螺线管几何参数的要求。研究表明,由于磁控"饱和现象"及导线电流密度的限制,系统可行工作范围为驻点磁感应强度B0∈[0.05 T,0.20 T];B0=0.20 T时,驻点热流密度和总热流分别降低了31.3%和56.6%,热防护效果良好;但磁控系统导线质量仍然较重,应采用可缩短与驻点间距离的异形螺旋管或超导磁铁等替代方法来满足工程防热需求。     

高超声速飞行器纵向平面滑翔飞行制导控制方法

针对高超声速飞行器纵向平面内准平衡滑翔制导控制问题,提出一种基于动态面控制和滑模控制的制导与姿态控制系统设计方法。建立高超声速飞行器纵向平面质心和绕质心运动模型,以航程预测-校正控制为出发点得到期望速度倾角并结合飞行器纵向模型中速度倾角、攻角和俯仰角速率间的关系,利用动态面控制方法、终端滑模控制和二阶滑模控制方法完成高超声速飞行器纵向平面内制导与姿控系统设计。基于偏导系数矩阵形式的通用高超声速飞行器气动模型,完成期望攻角和左右升降舵偏角指令的解析计算。通过高超声速飞行器对该制导控制系统设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性进行仿真验证。根据数值仿真结果,系统阐述了高超声速飞行器进入准平衡滑翔飞行前后制导控制系统工作的特点,进而总结了从初始下降段到准平衡滑翔段交班飞行阶段制导控制系统设计需要注意的问题。     

基于视景模拟的无人机导弹发射仿真

无人机单侧导弹发射后,无人机重量特性、重心位置、气动特性发生变化并同时产生附加的干扰力矩,无人机需要在控制系统作用下尽快恢复稳态飞行。通过在Matlab/Simulink中建立无人机六自由度非线性力学模型、控制系统模型、发动机模型、重力模型、标准大气模型、flight gear软件接口等,模拟仿真无人机单侧导弹发射过程,同时将仿真结果进行可视化视景输出,确保无人机系统平台在导弹发射过程中无人机能够很快恢复稳定姿态并按照预定轨迹飞行。视景模拟仿真结果表明：该无人机平台能够顺利完成导弹的安全发射。     

Reduction of global effects on vehicles after IED detonations

Global effects caused by the detonation of an IED near a military vehicle induce subsequent severe acceleration effects on the vehicle occupants. Two concepts to minimize these global effects were developed, with the help of a combined method based on a scaled experimental technology and numerical simulations. The first concept consists in the optimization of the vehicle shape to reduce the momentum transfer and thus the occupant loading. Three scaled V-shaped vehicles with different ground clearances were built and compared to a reference vehicle equipped with a flat floor. The second concept, called dynamic impulse compensation (DIC), is based on a momentum compensation technique. The principal possibility of this concept was demonstrated on a scaled vehicle. In addition, the numerical simulations have been performed with generic full size vehicles including dummy models, proving the capability of the DIC technology to reduce the occupant loading.     

高超声速尖双锥流动高精度数值模拟

以25°/55°尖双锥外形的高超声速低焓层流流动模拟为例,对高阶加权紧致非线性格式模拟激波/边界层干扰流动的能力进行验证和确认。空间离散采用二阶MUSCL和三阶、五阶加权紧致非线性格式,时间离散采用二阶精度双时间步方法,通量函数采用混合Roe-Rusanov,AUSMPW+,Van Leer等,对比了不同精度空间离散格式对时间、网格收敛特性和通量函数耗散特性的影响。数值模拟结果表明采用高精度空间离散格式能在较疏的网格上获得收敛解,并能消除结果对通量函数的敏感性,但收敛需要推进更久的计算时间。数值模拟结果与实验测量结果吻合良好,满足工程精度要求。     

用LIIF法测量DF/HF化学激光器喷管混合性能的数值分析

激光诱导碘荧光(LIIF)是一种很好的流场测量技术,为了验证该方法测量化学激光器流场混合性能的精度,模拟得到连续波DF HF化学激光器的HYLTE喷管冷流场,并计算了用氦碘混合气体作为氧化剂流、用氦气作为燃料流的HYLTE喷管的流场。通过比较前一流场中的氟原子和后一流场中的碘分子的摩尔百分比分布情况得知,当作为氧化剂流的氦碘混合物中碘的质量百分比在54%左右时,用LIIF法测量DF HF化学激光器喷管的混合情况具有较高的精度。     

无人机编队内快速协同目标分配的时序约束

协同分配的高效性和目标攻击的时序性是解决无人机编队内协同目标分配的关键技术之一.提出了基于时序约束的无人机编队内快速协同目标分配方法,在采用满意决策理论的快速目标分配框架下,引入了判断时序关系是否满足的约束条件和评价时序关系满足程度优劣的编队效能指标,不仅实现了编队目标的攻击时序要求,而且体现了攻击时序关系与编队效能的...     

发展中的高超声速武器及其战略意义

速度是武器系统的一项重要指标,高超声速武器技术是武器技术发展中的一个重要里程碑,是自隐身技术问世以来在军事技术方面最重要的进展。高超声速武器将成为未来空天力量对抗中至关重要的武器,对于未来战争的作战模式、作战过程及战争结局将产生重大影响。目前,军事大国和一些发达国家都已制定了一系列高超声速武器发展计划,研究与试验工作也取得了重大进展。     

Protection of armoured vehicles against chemical,biological and radiological contamination

The article presents problems related to mechanical protection of vehicles with different add-on armours against chemical,biological and radiological contamination.This applies to vehicles with additional passive,reactive and hybrid protection in the form of cassettes against piercing with anti-tank pro-jectiles,piercing with their kinetic energy of impact,and as a result of chemical energy of shaped charges as well as explosively formed projectiles.It has been shown how increased ballistic protection of these vehicles at the same time reduces their decontaminability in various places of the vehicle due to the increased additional surface of the vehicle with cassettes.Prevention of contamination of these cassettes has been presented as a way of reducing hard to reach surface for decontamination and a method of insulating construction elements(stands),fixing these cassettes to the vehicle,from the environment to prevent contact with contaminated liquids and dusts.The selection of appropriate materials is shown,which may affect the improvement of the decontamination efficiency of the vehicle with such cassettes.This applies to the use of materials with low absorption of chemical warfare agents,which prevent the accumulation of large amounts of these agents on contaminated surfaces and improve the effectiveness of decontamination.It also shows how to ensure better access of the disinfectant to as much of the vehicle surface as possible,covered with cassettes that have been contaminated.It shows how a vehicle,in particular with such cassettes,can provide protection against radar detection when Radar Absorbent Material is used on vehicle cassettes.     

美军针对高超声速武器的反导预警能力发展态势分析

高超声速武器具有飞行速度快、精确毁伤和高效突防等特点,具有重要的战略威慑和实战应用价值,它能够大幅改变未来战争的态势,已成为大国打破战略平衡、打赢未来战争的新型“杀手锏”。随着高超声速武器逐步走向战场,世界各主要国家的反导防御体系将向更高预警维度、更快反应速度和更大打击力度的天地一体联合防御方向发展。本文分析了高超声速武器作战优势及其对未来战争的影响和威胁,阐述了美军现有反导预警能力的基本架构与能力缺陷,对其未来反高超声速武器的预警能力建设及发展态势进行了研判与预测。美军“优先发展天基反导作战体系,发挥低轨卫星主体作用”的反高超声速武器发展思路对于军队反导反高超声速武器能力建设具有一定的启示和借鉴作用。