变增益模糊控制器

本文导出了选择比例因子的定量约束条件。以此约束条件为基础,论述了选择比例因子时存在的难以同时兼顾控制系统动态和稳态性能的问题。提出用变增益的方法实现模糊控制。数字仿真结果表明,该方法比通常的固定增益模糊控制具有动态特性好,稳态误差小,以及对被控对象参数变化适应性强等优点。     

水下缩比航行体热尾流的红外探测实验研究

根据缩比模型,建立了缩比红外成像实验测试系统,对水下航行体的体积、航行深度、运动速度、尾流排放等进行了缩比设计,设计了多种实验工况,可实现缩比目标模型红外尾流的静态和动态测试,一方面明确红外尾流的可探测性,另一方面掌握红外尾流可探测性的影响因素以及红外尾流的变化规律,为下一步工作奠定基础。     

流量连续可调火箭发动机极度富燃燃烧特性

以气氧/煤油作为推进剂对火箭发动机进行流量连续调节试验,研究火箭发动机连续变工况过程中的燃烧特性。火箭发动机通过可调气蚀文氏管连续调节煤油流量。试验在富燃工况(混合比0.405~0.690)下成功点火,并实现了混合比、燃气总流量连续调节。试验发现流量连续调节过程中,当混合比小于0.535时,燃烧室压力随煤油流量减小而增大;当混合比大于0.535时,燃烧室压力随煤油流量减小而减小。同时,特征速度和燃烧效率随混合比增大而增大,并且混合比小于0.535时特征速度、燃烧效率增大的速率大于混合比大于0.535时的速率。研究表明推进剂流量与燃烧效率同时影响燃烧室压力。当混合比小于0.535时,燃烧效率的影响占优;混合比大于0.535时,推进剂流量影响占优。     

考虑节点自修复能力的C2关系网络毁伤特性研究

针对指挥控制关系网络受到攻击时节点及网络毁伤程度的量化评价问题,首先形式化定义了攻击强度和节点自修复能力函数,在此基础上,分别给出了网络中节点无自修复能力和自修复能力随时间变化时的节点毁伤模型。最后通过仿真计算,得到了节点的失效过程描述以及随机攻击和选择性攻击两种不同攻击目标选择方式下网络效率随攻击时间的变化关系。     

Optimal resource allocation and redistribution strategy in military conflicts with Lanchester square law attrition

We address the problem of optimal decision‐making in conflicts based on Lanchester square law attrition model where a defending force needs to be partitioned optimally, and allocated to two different attacking forces of differing strengths and capabilities. We consider a resource allocation scheme called the Time Zero Allocation with Redistribution (TZAR) strategy, where allocation is followed by redistribution of defending forces, on the occurrence of certain decisive events. Unlike previous work on Lanchester attrition model based tactical decision‐making, which propose time sequential tactics through an optimal control approach, the present article focuses on obtaining simpler resource allocation tactics based on a static optimization framework, and demonstrates that the results obtained are similar to those obtained by the more complex dynamic optimal control solution. Complete solution for this strategy is obtained for optimal partitioning of resources of the defending forces. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

Bureaucracy Does Its Thing: US Performance and the Institutional Dimension of Strategy in Afghanistan

It is not too soon to draw cautionary lessons from the inconclusive results of US performance during more than 11 years of Operation ‘Enduring Freedom’ in Afghanistan. As in Vietnam, fundamental difficulties persist in adapting enduring institutions to the requirements of strategy. At the heart of the matter is tension between the assumptions that underlie counterinsurgency as practiced in Afghanistan and organization of the US Armed Forces, State Department, and Agency for International Development. Knowledge of basic principles and necessary changes is available to answer the question, could the US have done better?     

Global counterinsurgency and US army expansion: the case for recruiting foreign troops

Given the nature of global counterinsurgency operations, the demands of military expansion, and the need for cultural, linguistic, and regional expertise, the United States Army should evaluate the establishment of US-led foreign troop units for its evolving force structure. This article proposes the creation of an American foreign legion based upon the recruitment of US-led, ethnically homogeneous tribal force units to meet the grist mill of counterinsurgency operations. This structured approach would be more beneficial than the current reliance on a de facto American Foreign Legion, represented by private military contractors (PMCs), many of them comprised of foreigners. These PMCs carry a number of oversight, accountability, and legal risks not found in a fully integrated, and US-officered foreign legion. The British Brigade of Gurkhas, the South-West African Police Counter-Insurgency Unit (Koevoet), and the Kit Carson Scouts serve as relevant historical examples where foreign troops were used to supplement national manpower resources.     

Counterinsurgency force ratio: strategic utility or nominal necessity

As a consequence of intervention in Iraq and Afghanistan, force ratio for counterinsurgency (COIN) has come under increased scrutiny. Reduced to its essence, the issue is simply, ‘How many troops does it take to get the job done?’ This answer has been sought by the US military, academia, and think tanks. There have been numerous responses, culminating in several ‘plug-and-play’ equations for minimum force ratios in COIN operations. Due to the impossibility of determining precisely how many insurgent forces there are, it has become common to base force ratios on the population of the country. In the realm of policy, the question above is posed as, ‘How many of our troops does it take to get the job done?’     

基于插件技术的人工免疫智能空间优化平台研究

采用人工智能方法求解空间优化问题已成为当前地理学研究领域的热点之一。研究目的在于通过设计一个开放的、可扩展的人工免疫空间优化模型框架,开发基于插件技术的优化工具软件,丰富空间优化决策支持的方法和技术体系。研究从空间优化问题的基本特点和计算需求出发,定义了面向空间优化问题求解的克隆选择优化模型框架。在此基础上,采用"插件-宿主平台"结构设计了人工免疫智能空间优化平台的总体架构,定义免疫算子插件与空间优化问题应用插件开发机制。实验结果表明,平台的架构和功能设计充分考虑了计算平台的开放性和扩展性,通过平台标准接口的功能扩展可实现对不同类型空间优化问题的求解。空间优化问题研究者或政府决策部门无需关系人工免疫优化方法的具体内涵即可基于本平台完成其具体空间优化决策支持任务。     

自补偿液体静压精密转台轴承设计与实验

设计了一种用于精密转台的新型自补偿圆锥形液体静压轴承,并完成了轴承的制造与性能测试。采用流量平衡原理推导了轴承设计公式,得到了轴向和径向的最优刚度及其优化条件,计入制造误差对轴承承载性能进行了仿真,并测试了轴承的刚度和回转精度。结果表明:轴承刚度受到节流间隙与承载间隙的流阻比以及油腔间内流系数影响,流阻比存在最优值,而内流系数越小,对刚度越有利;计入制造误差的仿真模型能够有效预测轴承刚度范围。