How to Fight Terrorism: Alternatives to Deterrence

Deterrence has been a crucial element in fighting terrorism, both in actual politics and rational choice analyses of terrorism. But there are superior strategies to deterrence. One is to make terrorist attacks less attractive. Another to raise the opportunity cost - rather than the material cost - to terrorists. These alternative strategies effectively dissuade potential terrorists. The strategies suggested here build on the "benevolence" system and tend to produce a positive sum game among the interacting parties. In contrast, the deterrence system is based on "threats" and tends to produce a negative sum game interaction.     

Country survey VIII: Federal republic of Yugoslavia

This survey article focuses on defence economics issues and provides data and analysis on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's (FRY) defence policy, defence spending, the size of its armed forces, its defence industries and the cost of the civil war. The main section is devoted to the period from 1990 to the present and deals with the following aspects: the situation after the break‐up of the former Yugoslavia, general economic data; the cost of the civil war, the defence budget; the armed forces; the manufacture of armaments and the structure of the defence industry.     

球谐函数法解地球扰动引力并行计算方法

随着导弹射程的增加,传统求解地球扰动引力的球谐函数法模型阶数增大,扰动引力的计算速度明显下降。为提高弹道导弹扰动引力的赋值速度,在现有条件下结合球谐函数法计算模型的特点,在并行计算平台上,应用流水线技术和任务交叉分配的方法,建立了球谐函数法的并行计算模型。通过仿真验证,该方法能有效地提高地球扰动引力的计算速度,得到较高的并行加速比和CPU利用率。     

(2015GIS)北斗静止轨道卫星信号盲区快速并行解算方法

北斗系统静止轨道卫星信号盲区解算方法复杂、串行计算耗费时间长,需在并行环境下利用更多的计算资源进行北斗盲区的快速解算。本文在分析北斗盲区解算原理与算法并行特征基础上,提出了基于动态盲区影响域的并行解算方法,并以栅格单元为并行粒度进行任务划分,实现了北斗盲区的高效并行解算。基于全国范围59景数字高程模型数据,利用8进程进行盲区并行解算,耗费时间约为5小时。实验测试结果表明：算法的并行效率随着进程数的增加有所衰减,但稳定在96%以上。基于本文方法实现的程序中间件已集成应用于高性能地理信息平台中,应用效果良好。     

基于转移费用矩阵的机器人路径规划方法

本文描述了机器人路径规划的一种新方法：基于转移费用矩阵的机器人路径规划方法。通过定义转移费用矩阵的概念及其上的二元运算,将最优路径的生成,转化为矩阵的运算,使得有限步的矩阵运算,即可得到环境中所有点间的最优路径,达到了在预处理阶段构造最优路径集的目的。最后,介绍了该方法在移动机器人任务规划中的应用     

并行规约与扫描原语在ReRAM架构上的性能优化

规约与扫描是并行计算中的核心原语,其并行加速至关重要。然而,冯·诺依曼体系结构下无法避免的数据移动使其面临“存储墙”等性能与功耗瓶颈。近来,基于ReRAM等非易失存储器的存算一体架构支持的原位计算可一步实现矩阵-向量乘,已在机器学习与图计算等应用中展现了巨大的潜力。提出面向忆阻器存算一体架构的规约与扫描的并行加速方法,重点阐述基于矩阵-向量乘运算的计算流程和在忆阻器架构上的映射方法,实现软硬件协同设计,降低功耗并提高性能。相比于GPU,所提规约与扫描原语可实现高达两个数量级的加速,平均加速比也可达到两个数量级。分段规约与扫描最大可达到五个(平均四个)数量级的加速,并将功耗降低79%。     

云计算安全协议设计

分析了目前云计算服务中存在的应用风险和安全隐患,并将其抽象为两方面的问题,即安全边界问题和用户服务资源映射问题。为了解决这两个方面的问题,根据云计算系统的实际需求,给出云计算服务的一种普适性的定义;在此定义基础上,提出了云计算服务的安全框架,并设计了云计算服务各层协议集合。在这个框架和协议集合下,分析了保证云计算服务正常执行所需的四方面要素,以及将诸要素较好地整合在一起的方法。     

北斗静止轨道卫星信号盲区快速并行解算方法

北斗系统静止轨道卫星信号盲区解算方法复杂,串行计算耗费时间长,须在并行环境下利用更多的计算资源进行北斗盲区的快速解算。在分析北斗盲区解算原理与算法并行特征基础上,提出动态盲区影响域的并行解算方法。以栅格单元为并行粒度进行任务划分,实现了北斗盲区的高效并行解算。运用全国范围59景数字高程模型数据,利用8进程进行盲区并行解算,耗费时间约为5小时。实验测试结果表明:算法的并行效率随着进程数的增加有所衰减,但稳定在96%以上。其程序中间件已集成应用于高性能地理信息平台,应用效果良好。     

Changing the paradigm: Simulation,now a method of first resort

Decades ago, simulation was famously characterized as a “method of last resort,” to which analysts should turn only “when all else fails.” In those intervening decades, the technologies supporting simulation—computing hardware, simulation‐modeling paradigms, simulation software, design‐and‐analysis methods—have all advanced dramatically. We offer an updated view that simulation is now a very appealing option for modeling and analysis. When applied properly, simulation can provide fully as much insight, with as much precision as desired, as can exact analytical methods that are based on more restrictive assumptions. The fundamental advantage of simulation is that it can tolerate far less restrictive modeling assumptions, leading to an underlying model that is more reflective of reality and thus more valid, leading to better decisions. Published 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 293–303, 2015     

基于灰色神经网络武器装备研制费用预测模型

提出了基于灰色系统理论与神经网络的武器装备研制费用组合预测模型,该模型首先采用灰色GM(0,N)模型对研制费用进行预测,利用LMBP神经网络对预测误差进行了模拟与修正,实例验证该方法具有较高的预测精度.