Analysis on damage characteristics and detonation performance of solid rocket engine charge subjected to jet

To further explore the damage characteristics and impact response of the shaped charge to the solid rocket engine (SRE) in storage or transportation, protective armor was designed and the shelled charges model (SCM)/SRE with protective armor impacting by shaped charge tests were conducted. Air overpressures at 5 locations and axial acceleration caused by the explosion were measured, and the experimental results were compared with two air overpressure curves of propellant detonation obtained by related scholars. Afterwards, the finite element software AUTODYN was used to simulate the SCM impacted process and SRE detonation results. The penetration process and the formation cause of damage were analyzed. The detonation performance of TNT, reference propellant, and the propellant used in this experiment was compared. The axial acceleration caused by the explosion was also analyzed. By comprehensive comparison, the energy released by the detonation of this propellant is larger, and the HMX or Al particles contained in this propellant are more than the reference propellant, with a TNT equivalent of 1.168–1.196. Finally, advanced protection armor suggestions were proposed based on the theory of woven fabric rubber composite armor (WFRCA).     

聚能射流形成过程的理论建模与分析

分析了聚能射流的形成过程,并对其中的各阶段进行了详细建模。在模型中考虑了炸药爆轰、金属的驱动、药型罩压垮以及射流和杵体的形成过程。采用该模型对某一聚能装药结构进行了计算,计算结果表明:药型罩顶部和底部微元的压垮速度较小,在射流头部形成反向速度梯度,与试验数据吻合较好。该模型对于多级侵彻战斗部的工程设计与侵彻参数的计算具有一定的参考价值。     

Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE

Three different kinds of PELE (the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. The impact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system. The damage degree and process of each layer of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed. The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket, the diameters of holes on the second layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile, respectively. For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket, due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact, the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times, 3.04 times, 5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile. Besides, the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate. Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE, the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE. The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material, and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.     

采用射流掺混增强的前可调面积涵道引射器数值模拟

为了提高风扇外涵和核心机驱动风扇级外涵流体的掺混效率,提出一种采用射流掺混增强的前可调面积引射器设计方案。通过数值模拟的手段对流量特性、流动掺混和总压损失等方面进行了研究,并同基准模型进行了对比分析,结果表明：采用波瓣混合器结构的前可调面积引射器设计,显著地增加了较高出口背压工况下风扇外涵的流通能力;新的设计方案不仅没有增加低出口背压工况下的总压损失,还减小了高背压出口工况下的流动损失;流向涡的特征尺度是提高掺混效率的关键,可以进一步优化波瓣混合器几何轮廓,以满足调节机构对结构设计的要求。     

横向效应增强型弹垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论分析

为了得到横向效应增强型弹（Penetration with Enhanced Lateral Efficiency projectile, PELE）对金属薄靶垂直侵彻后的弹体轴向剩余速度,运用平面冲击波理论,对PELE的侵彻机理进行分析。参照平头弹体对靶板的侵彻模型,将PELE侵彻过程中的能量损失划分为以下几个部分：外壳体和内芯撞靶区域对应的环形塞块获得的能量、冲击波作用下弹体的内能增量以及剪切耗能等。然后根据能量守恒原理,得到PELE垂直侵彻金属薄靶后的PELE弹体轴向剩余速度的理论模型。为了验证该模型的合理性和准确性,设计相应的试验进行验证。结果表明,不同条件下得到的试验结果和理论模型得到的计算结果均吻合得较好。因此,得到的PELE垂直侵彻薄靶的轴向剩余速度理论模型可为工程应用提供指导和参考。     

Effect of wave shaper on reactive materials jet formation and its penetration performance

Wave shaper effect on formation behavior and penetration performance of reactive liner shaped charge (RLSC) are investigated by experiments and simulations. The reactive materials liner with a density of 2.3 g/cm³ is fabricated by cold pressing at a pressure of 300 MPa and sintering at a temperature of 380 °C. Experiments of the RLSC with and without wave shaper against steel plates are carried out at standoffs of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 CD (charge diameter), respectively. The experimental results show that the penetration depths and structural damage effects of steel plates decrease with increasing the standoff, while the penetration depths and the damage effects of RLSC without wave shaper are much greater than that with wave shaper at the same standoff. To understand the unusual experimental results, numerical simulations based on AUTODYN-2D code are conducted to discuss the wave shaper effect, including the propagation behavior of detonation wave, the velocity and temperature distribution of reactive jet, and penetration depth of reactive jet. The simulations indicate that, compared with RLSC without wave shaper, there is a higher temperature produced inside reactive jet with wave shaper. This unusual temperature rise effects are likely to be an important mechanism to cause the initiation delay time of reactive jet to decline, which results in significantly decreasing its penetration performance.     

空化射流实验研究

空化水射流技术是将空化作用引入到高压水射流而形成的一种新型高压水射流技术,在同等条件下,空化射流相对于普通高压水射流具有破碎和切割能力更高的特点。通过数值模拟和实验方法对空化技术进行研究,进行了喷嘴流场的数值模拟计算,设计了空化射流实验装置及空化喷嘴。以生锈铁板为研究对象,分别进行了喷嘴型号、打击时间、入口压力、靶距和扩散段长度的空化射流打击效果对比实验,研究了空化参数对空化效果的影响。实验结果表明角形喷嘴进行淹没射流的空化效果较好,空化射流除锈具有最优打击时间。不同的入口压力对应不同的最佳靶距。     

超燃冲压发动机燃烧室燃料喷注及其内流场的数值模拟

基于三维N-S方程,利用有限差分数值离散方法,对考虑了燃料喷注和凹腔结构综合影响的某超燃冲压发动机燃烧室模型的内流场进行了数值模拟,与实验流动图谱进行了定性比较,并进一步探讨了燃料喷注过程的非定常特性以及凹腔结构对流动的影响。研究表明:本文数值模拟的稳态时刻流场与实验流动图谱相似;数值结果捕捉到了横向喷注燃料沿下游运动并向凹腔扩散的非定常动态变化的规律。     

助推器分离过程动态流场数值模拟

利用三维N-S方程,采用NND2M有限差分格式作为数值离散方法,对助推器与上面级分离过程的动态流场进行了数值模拟,分析了反作用推力火箭发动机的喷流对上面级弹体底部轴向作用力的影响。根据计算得到的变化规律发现,在分离距离较小的情况下,反推火箭喷流对上面级弹体的干扰作用明显,产生较大轴向作用力,对于上面级飞行稳定性有影响。     

新型优化同心筒自力发射流场机理与降温效果

针对同心筒自力发射结构优化与热环境改善的问题,基于雷诺平均方程及轴对称N-S方程,依托弹性变形和网格再生成方法结合的动网格技术,对3种不同结构形式同心筒发射装置的二维轴对称流场进行了非定常数值计算,得到了不同结构条件下动态的流场机理及导弹热环境特性。计算结果显示:导流器方案能实现燃气流迅速顺利排导;筒底收缩段设计能有效遮挡反溅燃气流;筒口导流板结构较好抑制了内筒的"倒吸效应",确保导弹和内筒的热安全;揭示了优化同心筒的流场结构与降温机理,可为相关研究提供参考。