心理学在美军价值观培育中的应用

价值观在人的心理结构,尤其是在道德结构中处于基础地位,是制约人类行为的深层心理因素。军人价值观是军人的精神支柱,是部队战斗力的思想基础,也是军队思想政治教育的基础。美军遵循心理规律、激发内在动力、注重实践训练,进而将其价值观内化于美军官兵的认知结构之中,具有一定的参考价值。     

当代中国警卫人员道德人格养成的路径

警卫人员道德人格具有政治性、公共性、自觉性、示范性的显著特点，其道德人格养成路径选择的原则包括：理想教育与现实关怀融合，内在修养与外在教化统一，政治修养与道德修养共进，社会、单位、家庭三者和谐等；其道德人格养成路径选择的方法包括：氛困营造法、主体实践法、心理引导法等。     

基于Multi-Agent的信息共享行为建模研究

针对信息共享行为的优化需求,构建了基于Multi-Agent的信息共享行为模型,该模型由Agent特性、Agent信念、Agent连通性和Agent行为4个模块组成。在Agent信念模块,提出了关于信念的信任值量化更新方法,将其作为信息共享行为交互的优先级排序的依据。规范了Agent发送信息、接收信息和处理信息的实验流程。通过仿真实验,得出了较为理想的信息共享行为组织模式,实现了信任阈值下的信息过滤,通过实验结果分析验证了信息共享行为模型的有效性。     

Responsibility in Complex Conflicts: An Afghan Case

This paper discusses soldiers’ moral responsibility in today’s complex conflicts. The point of departure is the increased focus on soldiers as moral decision-makers in war, illustrated by the introduction of core values in the Norwegian Armed Forces. Responsibility is one of these core values, but it is not clear exactly how we should understand responsibility. I use a case where a group of Norwegian soldiers in the International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) sought the cooperation of a group of mujahedeen to solve the military mission of establishing security. As confidence between the parties grew, the soldiers became horrified witnesses to a practice of bacha bazi, where a young boy is dressed up for entertainment and sexual abuse. This situation gives reason to question the limits of role responsibility, the status of soldiers’ legitimacy, and the challenges of making morally sound judgments in a multicultural context. The discussion demonstrates that, even if there are restrictions on the soldiers’ freedom to act, a responsibility reaching beyond or extending their role should be recognized as part of the moral reality of modern soldiers.     

预应力CFRP筋T形梁受弯性能试验及变形分析

试验通过对3根T形预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁和1根矩形预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁进行对比,考察了预应力CFRP筋混凝土梁的受弯工作性能,记录了试验梁的开裂荷载、极限荷载和裂缝发展情况。试验结果表明：增加预应力度和总配筋率对提高开裂荷载,限制挠度、裂缝发展起重要作用;相同配筋的T形梁和矩形梁挠度相近,但各阶段荷载不同。对预应力CFRP筋T形梁的变形性能进行了理论分析,推导了短期荷载作用下刚度和挠度的计算公式,并将计算值与试验值进行比较,两者吻合良好。     

我国青少年亲社会行为培养研究

青少年亲社会行为培养关涉一个民族、国家的未来和兴衰.青少年亲社会行为的深层次价值体现,乃是青少年对民族、国家的认同意识、忧患意识和担当意识的自觉与觉醒.对于青少年的亲社会行为培养,主要以坚持社会主义核心价值观为思想前提;以因循传统“知行合一”理论为培养的基本原则;以面向现实人生为培养的关键和落脚点,共同构建青少年的亲社会行为培养模式。     

军校学员自尊与攻击行为相关研究

以152名军校学员为研究对象,使用内隐联想测验测量内隐自尊;选择Rosenberg自尊量表、元自尊量表、社会期望量表作为测量外显自尊、区分防御性高自尊和安全性高自尊的工具;使用攻击量表作为测量攻击行为的指标。通过对不同自尊测量结果与学员攻击行为的相关研究,探讨了学员自尊对攻击行为的影响。结果表明：（1）学员的内隐自尊效应显著,但与攻击行为的关系不显著;（2）自尊与攻击行为之间存在显著的负相关,高自尊的人不易产生攻击行为,但防御性高自尊学员和安全性高自尊的学员在攻击行为上差异显著。     

A Note on the Economics of Stolen Valor

Abstract

The economics of stolen valor concerns the act of trading on false claims of being awarded valorous military service medals. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the 2005 Stolen Valor Act, largely on First Amendment grounds. Misrepresentation that devalues the reputation of medals for valor may not violate the revised statute despite decreasing the wage premium and discouraging investment in military effort.     

THE MORAL PERMISSIBILITY OF AUTOMATED RESPONSES DURING CYBERWARFARE

Automated responses are an inevitable aspect of cyberwarfare, but there has not been a systematic treatment of the conditions in which they are morally permissible. We argue that there are three substantial barriers to the moral permissibility of an automated response: the attribution, chain reaction, and projection bias problems. Moreover, these three challenges together provide a set of operational tests that can be used to assess the moral permissibility of a particular automated response in a specific situation. Defensive automated responses will almost always pass all three challenges, while offensive automated responses typically face a substantial positive burden in order to overcome the chain reaction and projection bias challenges. Perhaps the most interesting cases arise in the middle ground between cyber-offense and cyber-defense, such as automated cyber-exploitation responses. In those situations, much depends on the finer details of the response, the context, and the adversary. Importantly, however, the operationalizations of the three challenges provide a clear guide for decision-makers to assess the moral permissibility of automated responses that could potentially be implemented.     

一种改进的多智能体碰撞避免行为

针对目前碰撞避免行为缺乏真实性和通用性的问题,本文提出一种改进的多智能体碰撞避免行为生成方法。通过引入角色参数和个性参数,使得智能体能够根据自身的属性调整避碰行为。改进的多智能体碰撞避免行为把碰撞避免行为与真实人的属性相联系,可以保持智能体前后运动的一致性和平滑性。因此,更符合真实人的碰撞避免行为特性,具有更强的"类人性"和通用性。仿真结果表明,加入了真实人属性的改进方法产生的避碰行为能有效地应用于具有多样化属性的虚拟人群行为仿真、多机器人系统和多智能体领域中。