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Many cooperative games, especially ones stemming from resource pooling in queueing or inventory systems, are based on situations in which each player is associated with a single attribute (a real number representing, say, a demand) and in which the cost to optimally serve any sum of attributes is described by an elastic function (which means that the per‐demand cost is non‐increasing in the total demand served). For this class of situations, we introduce and analyze several cost allocation rules: the proportional rule, the serial cost sharing rule, the benefit‐proportional rule, and various Shapley‐esque rules. We study their appeal with regard to fairness criteria such as coalitional rationality, benefit ordering, and relaxations thereof. After showing the impossibility of combining coalitional rationality and benefit ordering, we show for each of the cost allocation rules which fairness criteria it satisfies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 64: 271–286, 2017 相似文献
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We study a setting with a single type of resource and with several players, each associated with a single resource (of this type). Unavailability of these resources comes unexpectedly and with player‐specific costs. Players can cooperate by reallocating the available resources to the ones that need the resources most and let those who suffer the least absorb all the costs. We address the cost savings allocation problem with concepts of cooperative game theory. In particular, we formulate a probabilistic resource pooling game and study them on various properties. We show that these games are not necessarily convex, do have non‐empty cores, and are totally balanced. The latter two are shown via an interesting relationship with Böhm‐Bawerk horse market games. Next, we present an intuitive class of allocation rules for which the resulting allocations are core members and study an allocation rule within this class of allocation rules with an appealing fairness property. Finally, we show that our results can be applied to a spare parts pooling situation. 相似文献
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针对未来空战中航空集群协同无源时差定位编队构型确定问题,提出了一种确定三机协同无源时差定位最优编队构型的方法。分析了确定集群编队构型的基本原理;归纳了4个三机编队构型决定因素:主辅机相对位置、基线夹角、基线距离以及主辅机高度差;将定位区域范围和定位距离作为衡量集群无源定位编队构型优劣的指标,并进行了仿真计算。仿真结果表明:在火控引导阶段,当采用主机在后、辅机在前,基线夹角为150°,基线距离为60 km~80 km,主机与目标同高度且主辅机之间高度差为±(1-2)km的编队构型时,三机协同无源时差定位编队构型为最优。 相似文献
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Emmanuel Terkimbi Akov 《African Security Review》2017,26(3):288-307
The resource debate is easily discerned as part of the ongoing history of farmer–herdsman conflict in the North Central region of Nigeria. Scarcity theorists are adept at linking scarcity with the onset of livelihood conflict while on the other hand resource abundance pundits insist it is profusion and not scarcity that impels conflict. This article traverses these wrangles and proceeds to downplay the resource polemic altogether. It is proposed that the resource debate, despite its profoundness, presents a narrow reading of farmer–herdsman clashes in Nigeria’s North Central region. It is suggested that a number of other factors, including elite land grabbing, ethno-religious identity construction, weak state capabilities, the citizenship question, corrupt traditional institutions, the lack of an effective land tenure system and a widespread culture of impunity, make for better readings of the conflict. Owing to the negative impacts of the conflict on state and society, it is recommended that the state in Nigeria should commit itself to addressing the citizenship question, strengthening the capabilities of security institutions, extirpating the culture of impunity and revaluing its policy on land redistribution. 相似文献
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Natural resources have been blamed for inducing slow growth and sparking civil conflicts and violence. This paper first develops a model to account for the hazard of armed civil conflicts as a manifestation of the natural resource curse, which is mediated by the quality of both economic and political institutions. We then use recently published data on institutional quality and natural resource rents to measure the potential impact of the resource curse on violent civil conflicts using a panel of data for over 100 countries in the period 1970–2010. Our model explicitly accounts for the role of good economic and political institutions in deterring the recourse to violence as well as the extent to which they might weaken the resource rents effect. 相似文献
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针对单站无源定位可观测性弱、观测噪声大而导致的定位精度低、稳定性差和收敛速度慢等问题,在结合平方根无迹卡尔曼滤波(Square-Root Unscented Kalman Filter,SRUKF)以及后向平滑思想的基础上,提出了一种改进SRUKF的双向滤波算法。该算法采用Q-R分解的形式,使用误差协方差的平方根代替协方差参与递推运算,提高了算法的稳定性与运算效率。同时,该算法对状态向量进行扩维,将过程噪声与观测噪声通过非线性系统传播,降低了噪声对滤波精度的影响,并利用当前时刻滤波结果通过Rauch-Tung-Striebel(RTS)后向平滑得到再次前向滤波更高精度的起始值,提高了算法的定位精度与收敛速度。仿真结果表明,新算法在保证实时性的基础上改善了单站无源定位的性能。 相似文献
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本文对平面三站无源时差定位系统的定位过程中可能出现的无解和模糊现象进行了探讨,找出了无解分布与布站以及观测噪声方差大小之间的规律,得出了模糊分布与布站之间的关系,并提供了一些解决方法。 相似文献
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