面向新化学威胁形式的防护技术与装备

近年来,化学威胁的形式发生了变化,出现了类化学战、化学恐怖以及针对平民和环境的次生危害,给防化科研和防化工作提出了新的挑战。分析传统化学战与这三类新化学威胁形式的异同点发现,这些新威胁形式之间有着较多的共同点,而与传统化学战威胁形式则有较大差异。中国拥有为数众多的大型化工生产、储存设施,这些设施很可能成为袭击的目标,因此必须转变化学防护观念,尽快研究防化新技术、新装备,建立国家动员机制。     

基于效能分析的坦克主动防护系统建模研究

主动防护系统是坦克防护体系的重要组成部分,建立坦克主动防护系统模型对提高作战仿真的可信性,尤其是对提高涉及坦克作战的作战仿真可信性具有重要意义。创新提出了基于可用性、可靠性和能力的系统使用周期(System Use Cycle,SUC)建模方法,并重点对坦克主动防护系统的侦察探测能力、信息处理与控制能力以及拦截能力进行了建模。最后,将坦克主动防护系统模型应用到作战仿真系统中,以俄罗斯"竞技场"主动防护系统为例,研究了主动防护系统对坦克战场生存能力的影响。仿真实验结果表明:主动防护系统能有效提高坦克的战场生存能力。     

“What is dear to you?” Survey of beliefs regarding protection of critical infrastructure against terrorism

Up to the present, there is only very little research on how the population perceives terrorism and its threats, even though support from the population is crucial for effective counterterrorism. By eliciting beliefs and subjecting them to content analyses, six factors were found that determine the protection worthiness of a target in the people's view: the potential damage to “people,” “symbolism,” “economy,” “politics,” “nature,” and “image/publicity.” These empirically found factors are in line with factors specified by terrorist target selection models. They differ in the strength of their cognitive representation among participants and, thus, their subjective importance to the people. The first three factors are shared among all participants, whereas the latter ones could only be found in a part of the participant sample. People's judgments of the targets' protection worthiness differ substantially from their judgments of the targets' attractiveness to terrorists, even though the same factors seem to be involved. This study offers an insight into the people's mental model about protection worthiness of targets. Together with classical risk analysis and knowledge about terrorists, these results can form a basis for setting up a holistic scheme for critical infrastructure protection.     

Nuclear security culture enhancement: the role of culture coordinators at Russian nuclear sites

In 2002, a Nuclear Security Culture (NSC) Enhancement Program with the mission to raise the level of the NSC at sites and facilities in Russia's nuclear complex was launched under the guidance of the Russian State Corporation “ROSATOM” and with support from the US Department of Energy. A Joint Working Group for NSC with both Russian Federation and US members was formed and charged with the design and implementation of the program. The program was implemented at sites and facilities on a pilot basis. Nine sites participated in the Pilot Project. The key program component was an establishment of Culture Coordinators (CCs) with the authority to coordinate and implement NSC enhancement activities at sites and facilities. The CCs have served as the force that has maintained the momentum of the Pilot Project and continuously steered the site NSC enhancement efforts. The contribution of the CCs in achieving the positive outcomes of the program cannot be overstated.     

Cf/SiC复合材料抗氧化涂层的制备及性能

在氧化性环境中,高于400℃时碳纤维开始氧化,限制了Cf SiC复合材料的应用。通过在Cf SiC复合材料表面制备抗氧化涂层体系,可以有效地保护碳纤维不被氧化。本实验制备了含CVD SiC粘接层、自愈合功能层和CVD SiC抗冲蚀层的三层涂层体系,并进行了氧化失重试验。氧化失重试验结果表明,仅有CVD SiC涂层的试样氧化失重率较大,不能有效地保护材料,而含有自愈合功能层的三层涂层体系的材料试样,在800℃～1200℃的氧化失重率非常小,1000℃下氧化288h的失重率仅为2.3%,弯曲强度仍保持为452.9MPa。同时实验发现,试样在氧化失重试验后,其CVD SiC涂层的表面形貌有明显改变,这主要是由SiC氧化形成SiO2薄膜所致,并且在1200℃下所生成的SiO2薄膜有表面收缩趋势,具有液相膜的部分特征。     

论性能化防火设计中安全疏散设计的检验

以超高层商住楼为例 ,对“性能化”防火设计中安全疏散设计的检验原理、方法进行了较为深入的探讨 ,目的在于为我国的“性能化”防火设计提供一种切实可行的设计方法     

淀粉─丙烯酸型保水剂的制备及保水能力研究

以玉米淀粉为原料,在常温下经碱糊化,用ＫＭｎＯ４作引发剂,进行丙烯酸与淀粉接枝共聚。对其聚合条件和接枝共聚物的保水能力进行了研究,为保水剂的开发应用提供依据。     

雷电浪涌对直流电源冲击效应的实验研究

直流电源是雷电进入电子系统的主要途径。为了研究雷电浪涌对直流电源的冲击效应 ,进行了雷电浪涌对直流电源的注入实验 ,发现雷电浪涌对直流电源有很大的干扰和破坏作用 ,并在实验基础上 ,提出了有效的防护措施     

要地防空作战中空中目标威胁度估计的数学模型

为了准确有效地判断敌空中目标的威胁程度,运用层次-效用方法,对要地防空作战中空中目标威胁度建立数学模型。先用层次分析法建立影响因素诸指标的层次结构,然后导出指标因素的效用函数,对其加权和线性变换,得到目标威胁度。该模型使复杂的问题条理化,操作性强,便于计算机辅助决策,为防空指挥员对空情威胁做出正确判断提供了科学依据。     

一种核—壳结构的枝化聚乙二醇大分子的合成

选择以三羟甲基氨基甲烷(Tris)为核,以单甲氧基聚乙二醇(mPEG)为外层分子,通过官能团反应,合成出一种核—壳型枝化PEG衍生物;利用叔丁氧羰基酸酐((Boc)2O)对Tris上的氨基进行保护,对mPEG端羟基依次进行羧基化、酰氯化等活化处理,通过酰氯与羟基的官能团反应合成出目标分子。产物分子保留了活性官能团氨基,为其进一步的修饰反应提供了保障。通过红外光谱分析、元素分析及分子量测定,证实了产物与目标分子的结构相吻合。