柴油机PID、F并联调速控制研究

为了提高柴油机动态和稳态控制性能,提出了PID、F并联调速控制的方法,并利用Matlab/Simulink工具箱对PID、F交替调速控制和并联调速控制进行了仿真研究,表明Fuzzy-PID并联控制的性能优于常规PID控制和单纯的模糊调速控制以及PID、F交替调速控制的调速性能.     

PID在柴油发电机组输出稳定性控制中的应用研究

针对目前移动式柴油发电机组机械式调速器响应速度慢、精度差以及负载变化较大时发电机组输出电压和频率波动较大的问题，研究了PID在柴油发电机组稳定性控制中的应用，进行了电子调速器电路的研究与设计。对75kW柴油发电机组进行了空载、半载及满载实验，实验结果验证了设计电路和控制方法的正确性。该电子调速器采用PID方法对发动机转速进行控制，达到了改善柴油发电机组输出稳定性的目的，并且具有响应速度快和准确度高的特点。     

The impact of animal welfare regulations on firms' product offerings: Humane or organic product?

Increased public concerns about animal welfare have spurred new regulations to improve animals' treatment and living conditions. We study how these regulations affect firms' product offerings, prices, and profits. We consider two competing animal agriculture supply chains, each consisting of a supplier and a buyer. New regulations require firms to choose between offering humane or organic products, which are differentiated by animals' living conditions. We find that consumers' growing awareness of animal welfare encourages firms to offer organic products, which require the highest standards for animals' living conditions. We also show that tightening humane product standards and loosening organic product standards encourage firms to offer organic products—but with distinct pricing implications. The former leads to higher retail prices whereas the latter may lower retail prices. Depending on costs and consumers' awareness of animal welfare, a humane product may be priced higher or lower than an organic product. Furthermore, we provide conditions under which a regulator should offer a unit-cost or an investment cost subsidy to improve social welfare. We show that subsidies can encourage firms to change from offering humane to organic products, or vice versa, to enhance total social welfare.     

NUCLEAR PROLIFERATION

As the potential for the involvement of corporations in the manufacture of nuclear weapons has increased, particularly through dual-use technology, global regulation has failed to keep pace. Where regulation of private corporations does exist, in the form of treaties, UN resolutions, or more informal arrangements, the obligations fall only on states. This state of affairs is a result of international law's traditional deference to state sovereignty; yet, it has led to significant shortcomings in the global regulatory regime, where states are unwilling or unable to meet their obligations. While radical departures from the traditional model of international law might remove the regulatory gaps caused by noncompliant states, such changes are unrealistic in the current political climate. More realistic changes must be focused on, offering greater recognition of the role of private corporations in nuclear proliferation and increasing state compliance with existing regulation.     

现行火灾事故调查制度应用分析及完善路径探讨

《火灾事故调查规定》是规范火灾事故调查,保障公安机关消防机构依法履行职责,保护火灾当事人合法权益的基本规章。结合《火灾事故调查规定》的应用实践,阐述了新修订的《火灾事故调查规定》一些制度设计对火灾事故调查工作的影响,分析了其适用中存在的问题,提出了解决这些问题的对策,有助于进一步完善火灾事故调查制度。     

三分量磁传感器非理想放置时磁场数据的分析方法

用欧拉角和矩阵变换方法导出了三分量磁传感器坐标系ｏ—ｘｙｚ与地磁坐标系Ｏ－ＸＹＺ有任意旋转关系时的磁场转换公式。用此公式分析了消磁系统中电子型消磁电流调整器的三分量磁传感器非理想放置时,对舰船消磁系统控制信号的影响,认为该影响在抗干扰调整过程中应引起足够的重视。     

在线测量精密机床和加工工件直线度的新方法——优化误差分离法（OEST)

目前,运用多传感器对工件和精密机床的直线度进行在线测量的方法有ＳＴＰ法、ＳＴＲＰ法和ＦＳＴＰ法等。由于受到传感器相邻间隔距离的限制,这些方法往往只适合于长工件的在线测量。本文推荐的新方法──优化误差分离法（ＯＥＳＴ）可以用于短工件中的测量,它是基于频域分析和时域优化搜索的原理,可以克服频域变换中出现的边缘失效问题以保证频域变换的正确性。本文还介绍了计算机仿真和实际测量实验的结果,并验证了该方法的可行性和正确性。     

精密三点法——在线测量精密机床直线度的新方法

本文提出了一种精密机床直线运动误差以及工件直线度的在线测量的新方法。由于时域两点法的最小采样间隔必须等于两个传感器之间的距离,该距离不能做得太小,精密三点法用三个传感器,选择合适的安装间隔,我们就能得到比以前更小的采样间隔(例如:减小3倍),使曲线更为精确。本文给出了精密三点法的算法和流程图,给出了计算机仿真和超精密车床在线测量的实验结果,表明该方法是可行的和有效的。     

Environmental regulation in project‐based industries

We study the environmental regulation of industrial activities that are organized as projects. Applications arise in construction, ship and aircraft building, and film making, among other industries. Relative to manufacturing, environmental regulation is different in project‐based industries, due to the uniqueness and geographical diversity of projects, and a lack of product takeback programs. Because the amount of waste and pollution generated by project companies can be large, regulators need environmental policies to ensure reduction of waste and pollution. We consider a regulator who attempts to maximize social welfare. We model this problem as a bilevel nonlinear program. The upper level regulator specifies waste reduction targets, which the lower level project companies meet using waste stream reduction and remediation of pollution, while attempting to control their project costs. We find that high waste diversion targets lead to outcomes with little pollution, but excessive project costs and only modest waste stream reduction. Projects that have lower task precedence density, or that have pollutants with different environmental impacts, show larger increases in project cost and time resulting from regulation. We describe a subsidy for waste stream reduction that coordinates the system, and we estimate the value of coordination. We also describe a bonus that encourages truthful reporting by project companies, and evaluate the relative cost and effectiveness of the subsidy and the bonus. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 228–247, 2015     

漂浮式微型波力发电装置传动系统的速度分析与调节

针对边防驻岛官兵用电难的问题,结合海洋波浪能特点,提出了一种新型漂浮式微型波力发电装置。基于装置结构模型,分析了其结构特征和工作原理;建立了传动系统的运动学模型,分析了其运动特性和速度调节性能;进行算例分析,验证了理论模型的正确性。研究表明：双侧传动轮系输入系统优于单侧传动轮系输入系统;改变飞轮的转动惯量,可以调节速度的波动。分析结果为该装置的后续试验研究提供了理论依据。