甲基三硫代膦酸二乙酯合成反应液的气相色谱-质谱分析

在OPCW第18次水平考试土样中检测到一未知化合物,经多种分析技术测定,判断可能是甲基三硫代膦酸二乙酯．对合成甲基三硫代膦酸二乙酯的反应液进行了气相色谱一质谱测定,并对此反应液中的部分产物进行了质谱解析．     

气相色谱法测定含磷毒剂及其降解产物气体样品

用吸附-淋洗法采集和处理气体样品中的沙林、梭曼、甲基膦酸二甲酯和甲基膦酸异丙酯几种含磷毒剂及降解产物,用气相色谱仪测定。研究并优化了采样条件和淋洗条件。     

烷基膦酸甲酯的特殊化学性质研究

烷基膦酸甲酯与其他烷基膦酸酯相比具有特殊性质,用亚磷酸三甲酯为溴代烷进行阿乐布卓重排反应时发生异构,得到酯交换产物,甲基氯膦酸甲酯不稳定,在室温下发生聚合。     

气相色谱-原子发射光谱法检测污水中的VX及其降解产物

用毛细管气相色谱－微波等离子体原子发射光谱检测被提取的化合物,结果发现,中性萃取得到了ＶＸ原体和Ｎ,Ｎ－二异丙基氨基乙硫醇及二硫化合物;碱性萃取也得到了Ｎ,Ｎ－二异丙基氨基乙硫醇,蒸干其残渣,发现甲基膦酸乙酯;酸性萃取未发现ＶＸ及其相关化合物。最后还计算了甲基膦酸甲丁酯的元素比和经验分子式。     

经土中沙林及其降解产物的GC-MS测定

研究了泥土中的沙林及其降解产物甲基膦酸异丙酯,甲基膦酸二异丙酯和甲基磷酸的提取方法,发现用二氯甲烷提取沙林和甲基膦酸二异丙酯效果很好,用甲醇提取时与沙林有交换作用,得到甲基膦酸甲异丙酯。用ＧＣ－ＭＳ定性检定性了沙林及其降解产物的烷基化物。沙林及降解产物在粘土和沙土中的回收率为２５％－７５％。     

军用变压吸附装置床层动力学数学模型及实验研究

以二氯甲烷(CH2Cl2)及甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMAP)为模拟剂，13X分子筛为吸附剂，分别对二氯甲烷及甲基膦酸二甲酯在13X分子筛上的吸附等温线，透过曲线及解吸曲线进行试验研究．建立数学模型，得到透过曲线及解吸曲线的解析解，对模型中各参数对分离效果的影响进行分析．结果表明，该模型对二氯甲烷及甲基膦酸二甲酯的透过曲线理论值与实验值吻合较好，但对二者的解吸曲线模拟则不理想；由二氯甲烷及甲基膦酸二甲酯的透过曲线及解吸曲线数据可见，甲基膦酸二甲酯比二氯甲烷易于透过也易于解吸．     

对苯基溴代苯乙酮柱前衍生有机磷酸:HPLC紫外检测有机磷酸衍生反应的研…

采用对苯基溴代苯乙酮生试剂,以三乙胺作相转移催化剂,有机磷酸在Ｎ,Ｎ－二甲基甲酰胺介质中很快发生衍生反应,该方法对甲基膦酸及其半酯均以能适用。同时,在最大吸收波长处检测,使检测灵敏提高两个数量级。     

4-羟甲基-2,6,7-三氧杂二环(2.2.2)辛烷的合成

介绍了双环原酸酯个4-羟甲基-2,6,7-二氧杂二环（2．2．2）辛烷的合成方法,并提供了一条简单可行的合成途径．     

合成酯类油结构对水解安定性的影响

采用ASTM D2619—2009分别对己二酸双酯、偏苯三酸酯和三羟甲基丙烷酯进行了加速水解实验,通过测量酸值、水层总酸度与铜片失重,表征了各种酯类油的水解情况,对不同酯类油的水解安全性与结构间的关系进行了分析,总结出各类型油品的水解规律。结果表明:酯类油的水解难易程度受取代基的空间效应影响很大;具有支链结构的醇基会减小偏苯三酸酯的水解能力,醇基碳链增长则会减小己二酸双酯和偏苯三酸酯的水解能力;羧基碳链越长则三羟甲基丙烷酯抗水解能力越强;偏苯三酸酯抗水解能力强于己二酸双酯。     

神经性毒剂GF的毒性特点及其防治

对神经性毒剂ＧＦ（甲氟膦酸环己酯）及ＧＦ与沙林混合毒剂的毒理特点及其医学防护进行了综述和分析。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.