基于加速度计和磁强计的定向钻进姿态测量及方位校正

描述了用三轴加速度计与三轴磁强计测量地下钻头倾斜角、工具面向角和方位角的方法,给出了具体的系统结构和详细的姿态解算。针对由于钻具铁磁性材料引入干扰磁场对方位测量的误差,提出了利用当地地磁场进行方位角校正的方法,并给出仿真结果。结果表明,这种校正方法能够在不更换钻具即测量装置仍放在一段无磁钻铤内部的情况下,获得准确的方位角,因此可以大大减少无磁钻铤的长度,节省钻进成本。     

光纤陀螺一维惯性角度测量误差标定技术研究

针对光纤陀螺的一维惯性角度测量系统长期工作时产生较大的随时间累积误差,提出了一种新型角度测量误差的实时标定方法。此方法基于光学三角法测距的原理,利用2个激光位移传感器测量的位移实现角度的实时测量,在高精度转台上对测试系统进行了实验验证,通过最小二乘拟合法对误差进行了补偿。实验结果表明,该系统的角度测量范围±10°,角度测量精度±0.005°,为光纤陀螺在长时间角度测量方面提供了角度基准。该标定技术使用非接触光学测量方法,对被测物体表面无损伤。     

美军大力发展深钻地武器

钻地弹,是携带钻地弹头（又称侵彻战斗部）,用于对机场跑道、地面加固工事、深入地下的指挥中心等目标进行攻击的钻地武器。常规深钻地武器主要有能钻进18米混凝土或钻进90米以上普通土层的普通导弹和制导炸弹。在海湾战争中,多国部队使用巡航导弹外加“地     

惯性技术在角度测量中的应用研究

阐述了用一个双自由度陀螺和两个加速度计构成的简易惯性捷联系统进行角度测量的原理,推导出测量方程,并给出了仿真结果。     

机载多传感器角度融合跟踪结构与算法

未来战机的作战环境要求机载多传感器数据融合系统在仅有角度测量信息情况下仍须具有稳定的目标跟踪能力.对机载多传感器的角度融合跟踪系统的结构和算法进行了研究,分别给出了两个传感器同步测量时的集中式状态估计算法和异步测量时不损信息量的混合式状态估计算法,即顺序滤波方法,并对相应算法进行了仿真验证.     

激光四光束与 PSD 测量运动物体瞬时位置姿态系统的研究

介绍了一种新的光学非接触测量的方法。采用激光四光束与位敏元件 (PSD)测量物体的位置、角度 ,从而确定运动物体某一瞬时的位置姿态。对系统内部结构与信号处理进行了分析研究。实验证明 ,该测量系统具有测量精度高 ,重复稳定性好 ,系统响应速度快 ,测量范围宽等优点 ,且结构紧凑 ,制造成本低 ,应用前景相当广泛。     

一种工件孔径在线测量装置

本文介绍了可用于在线检测工件孔径的测量装置。该测量装置的探测头由三个电感传感器按一定角度配置构成。分析结果和实验结果都表明:传感器安装角度偏差是测量误差的主要起因;在一定条件下,测量精度优于±2μm.本装置可用作加工中心监控系统中的测量设备,除测量孔径外,还可测量刀具与工件孔之间的偏心量,特别适用于批量生产的在线质量检测。     

基于自准直反射法的光学中心偏检测系统研究

提出了一种基于自准直反射法测量光学中心偏的检测方法,分析了其测量光学中心偏的基本原理,在此基础上设计了基于自准直反射法的光学镜组中心偏检测系统。系统采用CV-A1型CCD探测器组件,以轴向晃动≤1″、径向跳动≤1μm的高精度基准轴工作台配合PIV研华工控机进行数据采集和图像处理,系统测量精度为:角度≤2,″线度≤0.01 mm。实际应用表明,该系统适用于1.06μm激光探测系统光学镜组的在线装校及系统中心偏检测,也可用于其它光学系统中心偏的测量。     

调整参数对喷射系统压力波特征参数的影响

用新研制的卡持式传感器及其测试系统,在高压油泵试验台上做了调整喷射系统喷油器循环喷油量、喷油开启压力和高压油泵转速的试验,测得了各种试验条件下的压力波、计算了压力波的特征值.在此基础上,研究了各调整参数对测量的电压波形及其特征参数的影响程度和规律;证明了外卡式传感器测量的电压波能真实地反映高压油管内的压力波动,可用于喷射系统各角度的动态测量.     

陀螺/星敏感器组合技术在卫星姿态确定系统中的应用

为了满足军用卫星姿态测量高精度的需要,提出了基于状态估计法的陀螺仪和星敏感器组成的卫星姿态测量系统的方案.应用广义卡尔曼进行状态估计,同时为了避免由非线性和小角度引起的计算误差,采用四元数法代替通常的欧拉角法进行计算,经分析得到该系统状态模型和观测模型.通过仿真证明,此方案能达到高精度军用卫星姿态确定系统的要求.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.