语用学理论在影视对白翻译中的应用

影视对白与影视剧中的情境紧密相连,而语用学正是研究在不同的语言交际环境下如何理解和运用语言的。因此将语用学理论应用到影视对白翻译中,对提高影视对白翻译质量、准确生动地再现原剧作的思想性和艺术性、让目的语观众产生与原文观众相同的感受具有重要的指导意义。在翻译实践中,应坚持等效原则、会话合作原则及关联原则。     

会话合作原则对经常性管理工作话语的启示与规范

交谈的双方为了使谈话得以顺利进行从而达到交际目的,常常需要遵守一些谈话的合作原则。美国语言哲学家格莱斯将此归纳为四条准则,即量的准则、质的准则、关系准则和方式准则。以此为参照来规范和指导武警基层中队干部的军事语言实践,探讨会话合作原则对武警基层中队经常性管理工作话语的启示,无疑是有意义的事情。     

跨文化交际语用的得体原则

本文通过对语用学研究中“合作原则”和“礼貌原则”的评述 ,分析并探讨了跨文化交际中出现“语用迁移”和“语用失误”现象的原因 ,并通过实例证明语用得体是跨文化交际的最高原则     

副语言特征对语义的补足作用

人们在会话时,通常都伴有不同的手势、姿势、眼神、面部表情,或者变换句子的重音或采用不同的语调．这种伴随会话而出现的行为特征,语言学家称之为副语言特征．文中论述了在交际过程中,有声和无声副语言特征对语义的烘托和对会话涵义的补足作用．     

跨性别交际失误研究及其对大学英语教学的指导

跨性别交际是社会语言学的一个重要分支。本文从话题的选择、会话功能的判断、对沉默的反应以及最小应答四个方面,分析了跨性别交际中存在的交际失误现象。基于这些交际失误,提出了相应的解决办法,如：教师在课堂教学中尽量使用中性词语,教师要通过言传身教使性别平等的观念深入人心,等。     

面向容侵的秘密共享系统的设计

针对Intemet服务器间安全连接所使用的会话密钥面临的威胁,利用秘密共享理论,结合Shamir有限域Zp中的多项式方程,提出面向容侵的(w,t)丁限设计方案.此方案是将会话密钥K分成W个子密钥,并秘密存储在不同的共享服务器中,若恢复会话密钥K,只需W个子密钥中的t个子密钥.而入侵者得到t个子密钥要比得到一个会话密钥更难,因此系统具有一定容侵功能,以保证会话密钥的安全.从结构、协议工作和特点等方面加以描述,并对安全性作了分析.初步建立了基于(w,t)秘密共享理论的网络容侵模型.     

语言能力培养的互动模式与外语教学

教学活动是教师和学生之间感情和信息的双层交流活动.英语课堂教学的主要任务是培养学生的英语交际能力.要在课堂教学中培养学生的英语交际能力,必须实施双向、互动交流的英语教学模式.本文探讨了英语教学中学生语言能力培养的互动模式的理论依据、设计原则及其构筑.     

SIP/SDP协议在IMS中的扩展应用

会话初始协议(SIP)与会话描述协议(SDP)是IETF提出的用于VoIP系统或IP多媒体子系统(IMS)的呼叫/会话管理和信息编码协议。SIP基于文本,简单灵活,易于升级扩展,是固定和移动网络向下一代网络演进的核心控制协议。SDP可用于多媒体会话的SIP消息编码,以便进行会话和媒体协商。文章在深入分析SIP/SDP协议及其扩展机制的基础上,针对专用IMS网络的特殊应用需求,提出了兼容服务质量(QoS)和密钥分发功能的SIP/SDP协议扩展方法,并对支持扩展功能的业务流程进行描述,最后对SIP/SDP扩展应用的相关问题进行了探讨。     

基于TCP会话的僵尸流量特征分析与检测

僵尸网络是互联网面临的重大威胁,而成功检测网络上的僵尸流量是摧毁僵尸网络的前提。文章分析了僵尸主机同控制端的TCP会话流量,提取其会话特征,并用聚类的方法有效地区分出僵尸主机同控制端的会话。文章在定义会话概念的基础上,通过提取网络流量中的会话特征用以检测僵尸网络流量。     

在交际过程中话语的正确与得体的互补作用

首先概述了语言的使用与语境密切相连,进而就话语使用的正确与得体的相关性问题,以英语语言为例,从会话和跨文化交际两个方面进行了论述,并得出如下结论：语言学习者不仅要能造出正确的句子,还要能根据语境以及不同的社会和文化背景,正确、得体地使用这些话语．     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.