语文口语交际教学的再认识

口语交际是现代公民必备的能力之一，重在培养学生倾听、表达和应对的能力，使学生具有文明和谐地进行人际交流的素养。《语文课程标准》赋予“口语交际”新的教学内涵，把培养学生听说能力置于双向互动的交际活动中，这就要求语文教师在口语交际教学中，深刻领会其理论基础，灵活把握操作流程，发挥评价的作用，提高学生的口语交际能力，培养学生良好的语文素养。     

跨文化交际能力的培养与大学英语教学

由于国际交流的日益频繁,培养学生的综合语言运用能力,特别是跨文化交际能力,已经成为语言教学的最终目标。通过分析非英语专业学生跨文化交际能力的现状,提出了通过大学英语教学来培养学生跨文化交际能力的途径。     

现阶段英汉翻译教学中应加强的几个方面

《高等学校英语专业高年级英语教学大纲(试行本)》中明确指出:“高年级英语教学的重点应放在培养英语综合技能、充实文化知识、提高交际能力上。”英汉翻译是英语专业高年级开设的一门课程,目的在于向学生传授基本的翻译理论和常用的翻译技巧方法,培养学生的翻译能力和较全面的交际能力。随着市场经济发展,中外商务和事务交往日益频繁,以及高校近年不断扩招和民间力量办学的发展导致的高等教育普及化,与英语专业其他课程相比,翻译课程教学的改进相对滞缓,不利于全面培养学生的实际应用能力。     

语言能力培养的互动模式与外语教学

教学活动是教师和学生之间感情和信息的双层交流活动.英语课堂教学的主要任务是培养学生的英语交际能力.要在课堂教学中培养学生的英语交际能力,必须实施双向、互动交流的英语教学模式.本文探讨了英语教学中学生语言能力培养的互动模式的理论依据、设计原则及其构筑.     

跨文化交际与英语教学

“跨文化交际”是指不同文化背景的个人之间的交际,已经成为英语教学的一项重要内容。中国学生往往因为缺少跨文化意识、缺少真实语境、受中国文化的制约等原因,导致跨文化交际失败。英语教学应注重将文化知识和语言教学结合起来,帮助学生克服跨文化交际障碍。     

谈高中对话课实施交际功能的策略

随着中国经济改革开放的深入,并已成为WTO中的一员,作为世界应用较广的语言英语愈发显得重要.时代要求这一代中学生将能把英语当作"普通话"来使用.那么如何实现这一目标,培养学生的交际能力,这是我们英语教师在课堂教学中应思考的问题,因为课堂教学是实现教学目标的主要途径.现在大多数高中英语教师在高中阶段只注重培养学生的阅读能力,注重解决课文中的知识点、语言点,甚至把对话课上成了朗读课、精读课,而忽略了对学生听说能力的培养.听说读写应是相辅相成的而不应该顾此失彼.如何就对话课型实施口笔头交际功能,有效地组织学生围绕所理解和吸收的口头及笔头知识和信息开展听说读写活动,提高学生的语用技能,提出以下几点设想.     

从跨文化交际角度谈中学英语习语教学必要性

英语习语及其文化内涵分析对于培养学生的跨文化交际能力非常重要,本文主要从英语习语的概念和特点、习语的文化渊源、习语在跨文化交际中的作用,以及中学英语习语教学缺失现状等几个方面探讨中学习语教学的必要性。     

新疆少数民族双语教学中汉语教学的困境

本文主要论述了新疆少数民族双语教学中汉语教学的重要性及存在的困境,并对如何在教学中提高少数民族学生的汉语表达能力进行了探讨,并提出了几点建议:克服少数民族学生开口表达汉语的心理障碍;创设汉语表达语境让学生感知汉语交际情景;运用直观教学手段强化民族学生汉语表达的培养;教学中运用多种方法训练和培养学生用汉语的思维习惯。     

英语教学应重视语言文化知识

语言与文化有着密切的关系。在英语教学中,文化教学的重要性不容忽视,因此,把传授文化知识融入英语教学之中,积极创设英语学习情境,提高学生对不同文化之间语言交际的理解,培养学生运用准确、流畅和得体的英语语言进行交际是十分必要的。     

大学英语听说能力培养及策略

大学英语听说课是提高学生英语综合技能的训练课。听说教学，要坚持以学生为主体的教学观，从分析和解决问题入手，运用任务型教学和合作学习等模式，实施多种教学策略，帮助学生打好语言基本功，提高文化素养，全面培养学生的英语交际能力。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.