活性炭纤维负载TiO2的光催化性能

以水玻璃为粘结剂，活性炭纤维为载体，采用涂覆法制备出负载型TiO2／ACF光催化剂，考察了不同处理工艺条件下（UV，UV＋ACF，UV＋TiO2／ACF）TNT溶液的光催化降解率，同时探讨了初始质量浓度、TiO2负载量及光照强度等因素对TNT溶液去除率的影响。结果表明，利用涂覆法可以将TiO2很好地负载到活性炭纤维表面，在光照2h条件下，TiO2／ACF光催化剂对TNT溶液的降解率可达90．4％。     

N掺杂改性纳米TiO_2的制备及其光催化性能

采用超声辅助溶胶-凝胶法,以钛酸丁酯为前驱体,尿素为N源,制备了N掺杂改性纳米Ti O2光催化材料;用XRD、DSC-TG、FT-IR、UV-Vis DRS、SEM-EDS等测试手段,对材料结构和性能进行了表征;利用光催化反应器,在紫外灯光照条件下考察了材料对水中苯酚的降解效果。结果表明:N掺杂改性使Ti O2晶粒更加细化,出现红移现象,光催化活性显著提高;在N掺杂量为5%(摩尔分数),煅烧温度为500℃,催化剂用量为2 g/L,500 W紫外灯光照条件下,光催化降解200 m L苯酚溶液(2 mg/L)的效果最佳;反应60 min后,苯酚降解率达到91.3%。     

高pH条件纳米Fe_3O_4催化H_2O_2分解去除水中4-氯酚

为了克服非均相fenton催化反应中溶液初始pH过低的缺点,开展了pH=5时Fe3O4/H2O2体系催化氧化去除水中4-氯酚实验。试验结果表明:制备的铁氧化物为纯Fe3O4,具有反尖晶石八面体结构。纳米Fe3O4能够高效催化H2O2分解氧化水中的4-氯酚,反应180 min后4-氯酚的去除率达到96.8%。当催化剂投量小于2.0 g/L,4-氯酚的去除率随着催化剂投量的增加而升高;当催化剂投量大于2.0 g/L,去除率会随着投量的增加而降低。随着H2O2投量的增加,4-氯酚的去除率先升高后降低。溶液的初始pH对4-氯酚的去除影响较大,pH越低,去除速率和效率越高。重复使用5次以后,纳米Fe3O4仍然保持较高的催化活性。     

苯酚降解菌的分离、鉴定及降解特性

以苯酚为唯一碳源进行选择性富集培养,从油污染土壤中筛选出2株菌,命名为Phe0901和Phe0902。在32℃、pH值为7.0、200r/min摇床振荡培养72h,用4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定2菌株培养液中苯酚含量,结果表明2株菌均能彻底降解初始质量浓度为1000mg/L的苯酚培养液,即Phe0901和Phe0902为苯酚降解菌。经形态学观察、生理生化实验及16SrDNA基因序列比对分析,初步确定Phe0901为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)成员;Phe902为芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)成员。在不同温度下用比浊法探讨降解菌株的生长情况,在不同pH值下用4-氨基安替比林分光光度法测定苯酚降解率,结果表明在32℃、pH值为7.0～7.8时适宜Phe0901的降解,Phe0901培养44h能彻底降解1000mg/L的苯酚;在32℃、pH值为7.0时适宜Phe0902的降解,Phe0902培养70h能彻底降解1000mg/L的苯酚。     

无声放电降解甲基磷酸二甲酯

对甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)在空气、氧气和氮气介质中的无声放电降解性能进行了测定。在空气中,对于3．50mg／L的DMMP,当放电功率为17W时,最高分解率可达到58％;在同样条件下,对于1．73mg／L的DMMP,分解率可达到79％。催化剂(CoO/γ-Al2O3)的加入可明显提高其分解反应的效率。对其反应机理的推测和反应产物的识别正在研究中。     

新型保暖材料微细丙纶熔喷棉的抗静电改性研究

为了改变新型保暖材料丙纶(PP)熔喷棉的抗静电性能,本实验以新型保暖材料熔喷棉为基材、KMnO_4/H_2SO_4为引发体系、丙烯酰胺(AAm)为单体,研究 KMnO_4浓度、H_2SO_4 浓度、AAm 浓度、反应温度、反应时间对该接枝共聚反应的影响变化规律;并对接枝产物的结构及润湿性能进行了分析。结果表明:接枝物的吸湿性明显改善,并且在本实验条件下,当 KMnO_4 浓度为1.6g/L、H_2SO_4用量为20ml/L、AAm 浓度为3%、反应温度为50℃、反应时间为3h 以及甲苯用量为18ml/L 时,接枝改性效果最佳。     

高动物油含量餐饮废油制备生物柴油

针对重庆餐饮废油动物油含量高的特点，用氢氧化钠作催化剂制备生物柴油，得到最佳工艺条件为：醇油质量比25％，催化剂用量1．0％，反应温度60℃，反应时间60min，搅拌强度3000r／min。在该工艺条件下，进行数据放大实验，生物柴油的产率可以达到93．6％，说明该工艺条件适合工业生产。生物柴油产品质量达到国家标准；与0号柴油调和使用可以很好地改善其低温流动性能。     

人防工事火灾应急空气补给技术预研

美国防部民防准备局早期对二战时火灾的详尽研究表明，缺氧、CO中毒是导致工事内人员死亡的主要原因之一．人防工事现装备的氧气再生装置在火灾下使用存在诸多问题，因此，如何在清除燃烧有害物的同时为被困人员供氧一直是人防工事亟待解决的难题．对国内外各领域的空气补给技术进行了资料调研，结合本课题的实际，从几个技术方案中优选了变压吸附技术，建立了实验装置。实验研究结果表明，约含0．49jlc0的空气进入本实验装置后浓度降至1．2mg／m^3以下，约含17．8%CO2的空气进入本实验装置后浓度降至正常空气含量以下，含氧13．1%的空气进入本实验装置后浓度最高升至90．5%(2L／min)。最低58．4%(5L／min)．     

基于合成沸石的Cr~(3+)深度吸附处理

以吸附后溶液中Cr3+质量浓度低于国家相关标准为目的,采用搅拌动态吸附的方法,研究投加量、吸附时间、吸附温度、pH值对吸附的影响,考察沸石粉对Cr3+深度吸附的条件。实验发现,在沸石粉投加量为1g/L的前提下,吸附时间为2h、温度为55℃、pH值为4~5时分别达到较好吸附效果。开展三因素三水平正交试验,得到深度吸附条件为:投加量1g/L、吸附时间2h、吸附温度35℃、pH=5,此时去除率达到99.7%。对深度吸附条件进行验证,发现在此条件下可以将Cr3+溶液的质量浓度由0.1mg/L降低至0.03mg/L;最后通过实验得出沸石粉对Cr3+的饱和吸附量为79.93mg/g。     

蛭石提纯工艺研究

文章通过实验探讨新疆蛭石矿的提纯工艺。实验中选用六偏磷酸钠作添加剂，结果表明：在100g蛭石矿，矿浆质量分数为15％，搅拌时间为2h，添加剂用量0．2％的条件下，蛭石产率达到最高值。     

TNT生物代谢的可能途径

因具有毒性和三致作用,污染环境介质中TNT去除倍受关注。为了能更有效地去除TNT,在总结大量文献的基础上,主要从TNT反应性质方面探讨其生物代谢途径。TNT的结构决定了TNT难于生物氧化、易于生物还原。TNT还原以硝基基团的序批式还原为主,一些中间代谢产物还会相互作用生成聚合物,产物TAT需在严格厌氧条件下生成;TNT的芳烃环也可实现加氢脱硝还原,以利于下一步反应的进行;此外,TNT可同时发生硝基还原和芳烃环还原,两条途径的中间产物还会相互作用生成一些聚合物。TNT的氧化以间接氧化为主,直接氧化很少。由于TNT本身结构的复杂性、反应条件或介质的不同、中间产物的多样性,使得TNT代谢途径还具有很大的不确定性,故仍需进行深入研究。     

Formation and characterization of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite prepared by spray-drying technique

The core-shell 2,4,6,8,10,12-Hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazaisowurtzitane/2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (CL-20/TNT) composite was prepared by spray-drying method in which sensitive high energy explosive (CL-20) was coated with insensitive explosive (TNT). The structure and properties of different formulations of CL-20/TNT composite and CL-20/TNT mixture were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Laser particle size analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), impact sensitivity test and detonation performance. The results of SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD show that ϵ-CL-20 particles are coated by TNT. When the ratio of CL-20/TNT is 75/25, core-shell structure is well formed, and thickness of the shell is about 20–30 nm. And the analysis of heat and impact show that with the increase of TNT content, the TNT coating on the core-shell composite material can not only catalyze the thermal decomposition of core material (CL-20), but also greatly reduce the impact sensitivity. Compared with the CL-20/TNT mixture (75/25) at the same ratio, the characteristic drop height of core-shell CL-20/TNT composite (75/25) increased by 47.6% and the TNT coating can accelerate the nuclear decomposition in the CL-20/TNT composites. Therefore, the preparation of the core-shell composites can be regarded as a unique means, by which the composites are characterized by controllable decomposition rate, high energy and excellent mechanical sensitivity and could be applied to propellants and other fields.     

爆轰波在可压缩金属板面上斜反射初始参数的计算

本文计算了爆轰波在可压缩金属板面上斜反射时的初始参数。计算中选用的五种炸药是TNT(p_0为1.64g/cm~3,1.45g/cm~3)、RDX(p_0为1.59g/cm~3,1.76g/cm~3,1.80g/cm~3)、RDX/TNT(77/23)(p_0为1.75g/cm~3)、Pentolite(p_0为1.65g/cm~3,1.68g/cm~3)和B 炸药(p_0为1.71g/cm~3);三种介质是铁、铜和铝。     

基于高压脉冲等离子体技术的TNT废水处理研究

针对报废弹药处理过程中产生的TNT废水毒性大、处理难的特点,分析TNT废水的特性和当前处理方法现状,提出基于高压脉冲等离子体技术的TNT废水处理方法;分析脉冲等离子体对废水的处理降解机理,给出双向窄脉冲电源和气液固三相反应器的设计方案．研究表明,利用脉冲放电等离子体技术可提高TNT废水的处理效率,有效解决报废弹药TNT废水处理难题．     

Ni-P-SiC 化学复合镀

采用化学共沉淀法对Ni P SiC化学复合镀研究 ,通过能谱仪和扫描电镜分析了镀层的组成与形貌 ,并对镀层的硬度、耐腐蚀性能进行了研究。结果表明 ,镀层硬度随SiC微粒浓度加大而增加 ;镀液中SiC微粒的浓度和镀液的pH值对镀层中SiC微粒的含量有影响 ;在SiC浓度为 7 5g/L时镀层中SiC含量达到最大值 1 6 81 % ;而pH值的最佳值为 4 7;同时 ,由于SiC微粒的加入 ,镀层表面色泽变暗 ,外观较粗糙 ,镀层的耐腐蚀性降低。     

Thermal hazard assessment of TKX-50-based melt-cast explosive

In the present study, thermal hazards of TNT and DNAN used as the molten binder in TKX-50-based melt-cast explosives were comparatively studied through accelerating rate calorimeter (ARC) and Cook-off experiments. Two kinds of ARC operation modes were performed to investigate the thermal safety performance under adiabatic conditions (HWS mode) and constant heating (CHR mode). The obtained results demonstrated that at both heating modes, DNAN/TKX-50 outperformed TNT/TKX-50 from the thermal safety point of view. However, the sensitivity to heat of the samples was reverse because of the different heating modes. In addition, the results of thermal hazard assessment obtained from the cook-off experiment complied with ARC analysis which indicated the molten binder TNT replaced by DNAN would reduce the hazard of the TKX-50 melt cast explosive. Furthermore, the results of cook-off experiments also showed that DNAN/TKX-50 outperformed TNT/TKX-50 from the aspect of thermal stability, which was consistent with the result of CHR mode because of the similar heating process.     

离子液体[SO3H-Bmim][HSO4]催化餐饮废油制备生物柴油

实验合成了一种磺酸基功能化离子液体,并用于催化高酸值餐饮废油制备生物柴油。当醇油物质的量之比为8∶1,离子液体用量为废油质量的0.8%,反应温度为150℃,反应时间为180min,生物柴油的产率可达到90.6%。该离子液体可以在比较温和的条件下将餐饮废油的酸值从13.22mgKOH/g降低到1mgKOH/g以下,然后利用NaOH催化生产生物柴油,会达到更高的产率,更为经济可行。     

Experimental Research on Dynamic Erosion of EPDM Insulation Subjected to Particle-Laden Flow

The instantaneous degradation of erosion surface of ethylene propylene diene monomer(EPDM)insulation subjected to the particle-laden flow in two operating conditions was measured by using a real-time X-ray radiography system.The images of its erosion state and dynamic ablation rate were obtained.And the charring-layer was analyzed by using SEM and energy spectrum.The experimental results indicate that the erosion rate of EPDM insulation layer impacted by low speed and low concentration particle flow is relatively small in the 1st second since the motor starting,but increases rapidly in 1 to 2.5 s,while the erosion rate of EPDM insulation layer impacted by high speed and high concentration particle flow increases rapidly in the 1st second;the ablation rate at the section eroded intensively by particle flow increases at first,then decreases,and goes to stabilization after 4.5 s;the higher speed and concentration particle flow are,the deeper particles get into charring layer,which lead to more thermal increment and thinner charring layer.