反馈干扰系统的自校正控制方法

为实现系统跟踪期望输出及系统未知参数的在线闭环辨识,针对带反馈干扰的未知参数系统,结合最小方差控制算法和增广最小二乘法设计了自校正调节器。首先通过对反馈通道干扰的分析,给出了系统的等效模型;其次,按系统输出最小方差的原理设计了控制器,实现了系统跟踪期望输出;第三,运用增广最小二乘法对系统参数的辨识,给出未知参数的无偏一致估计,实现了参数的在线闭环辨识。通过对未知参数的辨识,用所辨识的参数计算调节器的参数,完成对控制律的修改,实现了系统跟踪期望输出和参数的在线闭环辨识。最后,利用该方法对实例进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明:所提方法简单可行。     

多模型估计方法

多模型方法是一种混合估计方法 ,相对于传统的估计方法而言 (例如 Kalman滤波 ) ,它特别适合于具有未知变参数或变结构系统的研究 ,因而在许多领域得到了成功应用。回顾了多模型方法的发展过程 ,对现有各种多模型估计方法进行了总结 ,并提出了研究方向     

并联可修系统的参数估计

假设单元的失效时间和修理时间服从参数不同的指数分布,给出了导弹武器系统中两单元并联可修系统未知参数的Bayes估计。在Bayes估计中,采用Monte-Carlo方法分别对LINEX损失及平方损失下的Bayes估计进行了比较研究。结果表明,选用LINEX损失下得到的估计有较小的均方误差。     

自适应人工蜂群优化的混沌系统参数估计

为了对混沌系统未知参数进行准确估计,改进了人工蜂群优化算法,提出自适应人工蜂群算法的混沌系统参数估计方法。将混沌系统参数估计问题转化为多维变量数值优化问题,利用人工蜂群算法对未知参数进行导向随机搜索。在搜索过程中,通过种群优化程度和解的质量自适应地调整更新步长和解的尝试次数。以Lorenz混沌系统为例进行的仿真实验表明,该方法在无噪声和噪声强度较大的情况下均能够获得较好的估计结果,表现出较强的鲁棒性。     

未标定的视频小卫星深空目标凝视控制

设计了一种目标凝视自适应姿态控制方法,可以实现未知目标位置和未标定相机参数条件下的目标凝视控制。根据运动学方程提取出恰当的未知参数,从而将参数进行线性化表示;引入关于未知参数的势函数,确保参数矩阵的秩满足稳定性要求;采用了一个参数自更新律在线估计未知参数,提出了基于估计参数的自适应控制律。采用李雅普诺夫稳定性理论和芭芭拉特引理,证明了目标成像位置与期望成像位置的误差可以渐近收敛到零。仿真结果表明:目标位置未知且相机参数存在偏差的情况下,该自适应控制器能〖BHDWG8,WK10YQ,DK1*2,WK1*2D〗〖XCSC.TIF;%129%129〗听语音 聊科研与作者互动 够有效地对深空目标进行凝视观测。     

基于Gabor谱方法的跳频信号参数盲估计

提出了一种基于Gabor谱的未知跳频信号参数盲估计方法。该方法利用Gabor谱能量集中、时频分辨率高、交叉项干扰小的特点,在未知任何先验参数的情况下,能够准确估计出跳频信号的跳频频率、跳变时刻和跳频信号驻留时间等参数。通过计算机仿真得到了较为准确的估计结果,验证了该算法的有效性。     

再入弹道参数自适应估计

本文研究再入弹道参数的自适应估计。所采用的方法对动力学模型噪声的未知统计特性进行补偿,并对状态参数与测量设备的系统误差交叉进行估计。仿真结果表明,无论是状态参数的估计还是测量系统误差的估计,都具有较高的精度。     

广义逆指数分布元件的可靠性分析

在II型混合截尾样本下,得到了广义逆指数分布未知参数的最大似然估计。利用最大似然估计的渐近正态性构造了参数的渐近置信区间,运用Lindley's逼近方法和TierneyKadane's逼近方法计算出了参数的Bayes估计。最后,运用Monte-Carlo方法对上述估计方法结果作了模拟比较。     

基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的DOA估计

针对基于l1范数约束的稀疏表示DOA(Direction Of Arrival)估计算法对初始参数较为敏感的问题,提出了一种基于稀疏贝叶斯学习的DOA估计算法。首先通过信号来波方向的空间采样构造冗余字典,将阵列信号处理中的DOA估计信号模型转化为压缩感知中的稀疏重构信号模型。然后基于经验贝叶斯推理的方法,将待估计的稀疏系数值用方差未知的联合高斯分布描述,而未知的方差值决定了待估计系数的稀疏性。通过观测数据估计得到未知的方差,进而得到信号的DOA估计值。仿真结果表明,提出的算法有较高估计精度,并且对非相干信源和相干信源都具有较好的估计性能。     

局部线性估计在半参数条件矩中的应用

半参数方法在计量经济领域有着广泛的应用,但由于其既有参数变量,又有未知函数,因此采用条件矩限制和Sieve方法来得到其参数估计是一个比较好的方法。作为一种非参数回归方法,局部线性估计具有优良的统计特性,因此本文用它来得到条件矩的一个非参数估计,并在此基础上证明了估计参数的一致性和收敛速率。     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.