坦克远距离火力对抗分析

现代战争实践表明坦克已经成为战场和空中打击的重要目标之一。如何提高坦克远距离打击能力,发挥现代坦克武器的最大效能,成为延伸坦克战场生命的重要途径。因此,深入探讨坦克远距离火力对抗已成为当前研究的现实问题。建立了A型坦克与敌B型坦克远距离火力对抗模型并进行分析计算,从而得出了坦克远距离射击的相关结论。     

基于改进反馈神经网络的坦克分队对抗模型

坦克分队对抗效能评估是一个典型的动力学系统问题,而反馈神经网络是一种反馈动力学系统。通过分析影响对抗效能的主要因素入手,建立坦克分队火力对抗效能的评估指标体系,构建改进反馈神经网络对抗模型。通过编制应用程序,对该模型进行实例验证,其结果表明,该模型能够较好地解决坦克对抗的问题,为坦克对抗模型的研究提供了新思路。     

BP神经网络在坦克分队火力配系中的应用

坦克分队火力配系是坦克分队防御战斗中指挥员实施战场指挥的重要内容,选取火力配系方案的优劣直接影响着防御作战的胜负.首先介绍了BP神经网络的原理及使用方法,在系统分析制约坦克分队火力配系影响因素基础上,构建了火力配系方案评估的指标体系,接着详细设计了用于评估火力配系方案的BP神经网络模型,并利用MATLAB仿真软件对结果进行了计算和分析.结果表明BP神经网络具有很强的解决复杂非线性关系问题的特点,适用于对坦克分队火力配系方案优劣分析和评价.     

坦克分队纵深战斗火力对抗建模分析

简要介绍坦克分队纵深战斗的概念及重要意义。围绕坦克分队火力对抗的要求,针对坦克分队纵深战斗中的特点,从分析发现概率、命中概率、毁伤概率和毁伤流密度入手,运用定性与定量相结合的方法,运用兰彻斯特平方律方程,深入研究坦克分队纵深战斗火力对抗的战斗效能,确定其交换率和兵力比例。算法简便易行,结构合理,专业性强。结论能够检验坦克分队新型装备的作战效能,符合实际战场需要。     

火力对抗条件下反坦克导弹目标分配优化

以对抗条件下反坦克导弹作战过程为依据,建立了火力对抗条件下反坦克导弹目标分配的优化模型,并提出了坦克火力分配优化模型,研究利用改进的遗传算法来设计求解,在VC++下对实例进行求解,所得结论合理,本研究对反坦克导弹分队火力分配决策具有一定的参考作用和现实意义.     

基于马尔可夫过程的坦克火力随机对抗模型

根据小规模坦克火力对抗中所具有的马尔可夫性特点,将该过程视为离散状态、离散时间的马尔可夫随机过程(马尔可夫链),由此建立了坦克与反坦克武器系统之间一对一对抗的随机格斗模型,并给出双方获胜概率和平均对抗回合数的计算公式。最后通过实例验证了模型的有效性。该模型克服了轮流对抗不符合战场实际的缺点,为分队指挥员在射击策略的选择和分队火力运用上的快速决策提供了较为精确的量化依据。     

坦克连最优火力分配

坦克连火力分配方案的科学与否将直接关系到火力打击的整体效果。为了提高坦克连火力分配方案的科学合理性,力求结合我坦克连作战的实际,在充分考虑火力分配影响因素的基础上,建立了最优火力分配模型,这对于我坦克连充分发扬火力和提高整体作战能力具有重要的指导意义。     

主战坦克的基本战斗力指数分析

在火力运用与对抗分析中经常要用到武器的基本战斗力指数,并以此为计算单位来进行火力运用及作战模拟的分析计算.用层次分析法分析了主战坦克的基本战斗力指数.     

虚拟环境中聚合级CGF坦克实体火力运用仿真

CGF是作战仿真必备的技术支持,国内的CGF系统尚不成形,急需对其进行深入的研究以满足作战仿真不断发展的需要,介绍以一个排的CGF坦克实体在虚拟的战场环境中火力运用方式及运用规则,列出了聚合级CGF实体的火力运用仿真流程图,实现虚拟战场环境下坦克实体一定的智能行为。     

基于SD的两栖坦克连水上火力支援行动分析

围绕两栖坦克连水上火力支援行动的作战特点,着眼于充分发挥两栖坦克火力和机动的优势,在"非接触作战、非线性作战"理论的指导下,运用系统动力学方法和兰切斯特战斗理论,建立两栖坦克连水上火力支援行动的系统动力学模型,探索装甲兵在应急作战中运用的新模式和作战的新方法,为指挥员科学使用这一战术手段提供有效地辅助决策支持。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.