传递对准中机翼弹性变形处理

提出利用载机不同飞行状态下弹载子惯导陀螺仪与机载主惯导陀螺仪输出角速度差异对机翼弹性变形的AR模型参数进行在线辨识,采用一种改进的卡尔曼滤波算法对模型参数进行估计,利用信息对准模型的适应性进行检验.结合速度加姿态传递对准模型,建立了考虑机翼弹性变形的传递对准模型.仿真试验验证了该在线建模方法的有效性,在传递对准中考虑机翼弹性变形模型,可以有效地降低机翼弹性变形对传递对准的影响.     

基于MEMS器件的弹载组合导航技术

卫星/微惯导组合导航是目前弹载导航系统领域的研究热点。在深入研究弹载卫星/微惯导组合导航体系架构的基础上,分析了弹载导航的关键技术以及各关键技术的解决方案;采用适应高过载环境的微惯性元件及电路模块的缓冲保护措施,提高组合导航系统的抗高过载性能;提出卫星辅助MEMS测量信息的姿态角估计技术解决了空中对准问题,采用基于加性四元数的差量卡尔曼滤波技术,实现了卫星定位与微惯导的高精度组合。试验结果表明,该技术可有效解决制导弹药的导航问题。     

精确制导火箭弹传递对准研究

以常规火箭弹制导化改造过程中弹载捷联惯导的初始对准为背景,研究了利用发射车车载高精度定位定向系统作为主惯导,对火箭弹捷联惯导进行传递对准的速度加姿态匹配方案,介绍了在三轴转台上进行实验验证的方法、过程和结果。实验结果表明,该方案对准精度高、对准时间短、对准机动要求简单,可以有效完成制导火箭弹捷联惯导的初始对准。     

捷联惯导系统快速自对准误差模型的建立

通过对惯性制导系统两个基本方程的研究,求出了各状态矢量在各坐标系下的微分方程,然后以ψ角法所确立的平台为基准,分别推导得出惯性制导系统各主要状态的微分方程,从而建立了捷联惯性制导系统的误差模型.最后根据静基座捷联惯导系统初始对准的特点对其进行简化,得到了静基座捷联惯导系统快速自对准的误差模型.     

基于单GPS观测的SINS姿态校正方法

针对车(船)载惯性和GPS组合导航系统(INS/GPS),研究单天线GPS对INS的姿态校正方法。提出一种基于单天线GPS进行捷联惯导(SINS)机动中对准和姿态校正方法,该方法以GPS两个不同时刻的不共线速度向量为参考向量,利用TRIAD算法进行姿态确定,并设计了Kalman滤波器估计姿态四元数。仿真试验表明该方案能较好地校正惯导系统的初始对准误差,并通过实时校正保持长期的姿态精度。     

多目标攻击导弹捷联惯导的传递对准

在分析中距复合制导空空导弹捷联惯导传递对准的基础上,提出由机载火控系统根据导弹发射包线计算发出开始捷联惯导传递对准精对准的时刻,导弹惯导提前进行传递精对准的方法。利用此方法可以解决机载武器系统多目标攻击空空导弹传递对准满足连续发射多枚导弹实时性要求的问题。最后,在单目标情况下就开始传递对准时刻包线给出了算例。     

独立战术制导挂飞试验结果

进行了一次名叫独立战术制导验证(UTGV)的挂飞试验计划,把空军低成本惯性制导系统(LCIGS)作为捷联惯性基准装置。用于独立战术制导验证的捷联滤波、导航滤波和对准滤波软件已开发出来,并在承包商的处理机上实现。计划的第一阶段试验了惯导系统试验模型,第二阶段试验了工程模型(工业惯导系统)~+。在惯导系统试验模型测试过程中,无线电、惯性综合靶场测量系统(CIRIS)作为主导航基准变换用于校准和标定,而纯惯性的载机惯性导航系统(CAINS)用于工业惯导系统试验。地面和飞行试验是在Holloman空军基地用中央惯性制导试验设备(CIGTF)完成的。本文介绍承包商的室内试验、以及用中央惯性制导试验设备进行的地面试验和飞行试验的结果。     

舰载捷联惯导动基座 F-QUEST 初始对准方法

针对目前基于惯性系的捷联惯导动基座对准方法信息利用率不高及矢量观测选取不确定性导致对准精度下降的问题,提出了一种新的舰载捷联惯导动基座滤波四元数估计（filter quaternion estimation,F-QUEST）对准方法。构建了捷联惯导动基座初始对准模型,并利用姿态矩阵链式法则将惯导初始对准转化为姿态确定问题,进而采用 F-QUEST 算法求取姿态矩阵以实现捷联惯导动基座对准。车载试验结果表明：相比传统方法,新方法具有更高的对准精度和更快的收敛速度,水平姿态角误差只需3 s 即可收敛到0．01°。     

惯导系统传递对准模型的研究进展综述

初始对准是惯导系统开启工作后必须经历的阶段,而传递对准则是一种特殊的动基座初始对准技术,可有效提高武器装备的快速反应和精准打击能力。对惯导系统传递对准模型的研究进展进行了综合评述。首先,从姿态误差的定义出发,系统归纳了?_n角误差模型、?_m角误差模型和相对姿态对准模型,对比分析了三类误差模型的特点。其次,给出了导航速度、相对速度和惯性速度的定义,理论推导了三种导航速度误差方程。然后,介绍了传递对准的量测模型,并重点归纳了基于相对姿态理论的文献所采用的量测模型。最后,讨论了传递对准有待解决的技术问题和未来研究方向。综述表明,误差的数学定义和参考坐标系以及匹配参数决定了传递对准模型的丰富性,在实际使用时,可以根据应用背景以及使用条件选择相应的传递对准模型,而在误差建模、误差激励、性能评估等方面,传递对准技术都有待进一步研究。     

自适应算法在捷联惯导初始对准中的应用

针对传统的卡尔曼滤波在捷联惯导初始对准中由于系统噪声和量测嗓声方差阵未知时,滤波的精度和快速性不能达到要求,甚至导致发散的问题.提出了一种改进的sage-Husa自适应滤波新算法,建立了捷联惯导系统初始对准误差模型,并在对捷联惯导系统误差模型进行简化的基础上,利用所设计的算法进行了仿真研究.仿真结果表明,改进的滤波算法使对准过程所需时间大大缩短,具有跟踪能力强、稳定性好和精确性高等特点,验证了该方法的有效性和正确性.     

Putin – the masked nemesis of the strategy of ambiguity

Recent events demonstrate the complex and adaptive approach employed by Russia to reassert influence in Europe. The changing face of Russia’s strategy commenced in 2007 when it launched a crippling cyber-attack against Estonia. This was followed by a large Russian conventional attack against Georgia in 2008, occupying two large areas of the nation. 2014 witnessed the Russian annexation of Crimea where in just a week, Russia seized control of Crimea “without firing a shot.” The annexation of Crimea was rapidly followed by a Russian inspired and led subversive war in eastern Ukraine. The common thread among these diverse Russian operations is its use of ambiguity to confound and confuse decision makers in the West.     

India's counter-insurgency experience: the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy

The Indian Army, a force trained primarily for conventional warfare, has been engaged in internal counter-insurgency operations since the 1950s. Despite such a long innings on a counter-insurgency mode, little attention has been accorded within military circles to doctrinal innovation for waging sub-conventional warfare in India's democratic political context. At best, the Army continues to view counter-insurgency duty as secondary to its primary duty of defending India from external conventional threats. By conceptualizing a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’, this article aims to fill this critical doctrinal gap in India's military policy. The author argues that a counter-insurgency strategy of ‘trust and nurture’ based on democratic political culture, measured military methods, special counter-insurgency forces, local social and cultural awareness and an integrative nation-building approach will result in positive handling of India's internal security problems. The author utilizes India's counter-insurgency experiences in Assam, Mizoram, Nagaland, Punjab, and Operation ‘Sadhbhavana’ in Jammu and Kashmir as illustrative empirical indicants in order to validate the ‘trust and nurture’ strategy.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.