金属/SiO2复合气凝胶催化剂对一氧化碳氧化的催化

采用溶胶－凝胶法和超临界干燥法制备了Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２ 和Ｃｏ／ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶催化剂， 对其结构和形貌进行了ＸＲＤ、ＴＥＭ 和比表面分析， 并考察了其对ＣＯ氧化的催化性能。实验结果表明， 制得的Ｃｕ／ＳｉＯ２ 和Ｃｏ／ＳｉＯ２ 气凝胶催化剂均保留了气凝胶的纳米网络和高比表面积， 活性组份均匀地分散在纳米级二氧化硅气凝胶载体中， 对ＣＯ的氧化均表现出高的催化活性。     

用溶胶-凝胶法制备碳纤维三维编织物增强氧化铝基复合材料的研究

本文研究了溶胶－凝胶（Ｓｏｌ－ｇｅｌ）法制备碳纤维三维编织物增强氧化铝（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）基复合材料的成型工艺及其力学性能，研究了两种主要起始物Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３、ＡｌＣｌ３配制的氧化铝溶胶对复合材料成型工艺和力学性能的影响。分别以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３和ＡｌＣｌ３为起始物，制备得到Ⅰ＃、Ｉ＃复合材料。研究表明，以Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３为起始物配制的溶胶粘度较小，利于材料的致密化。经过溶胶浸渍、凝胶、裂解１３个周期后，Ⅰ＃材料的密度和室温三点弯曲强度分别为１．８６ｇ／ｃｍ３和１４５．２ＭＰａ，而ＩＩ＃材料的密度和室温三点弯曲强度分别为１．６３ｇ／ｃｍ３和１０４．１ＭＰａ，材料均呈典型的韧性断裂模式。用扫描电子显微镜（ＳＥＭ）观察试样的断口形貌，发现断口表面有大量的纤维拔出，纤维表现了较好的增韧效果。     

溶胶凝胶法制备碳化硅陶瓷的影响因素

采用溶胶凝胶法 ,以正硅酸乙酯和酚醛树脂为原料 ,在草酸催化作用下 ,制备出了不含硫和氯的均相碳化硅先驱体 ,并在一定的升温制度下制备出SiC陶瓷。考察了温度对预水解过程的影响以及水用量、催化剂和镍盐用量等因素对凝胶时间的影响。结果表明 ,在预水解温度控制在 4 0℃左右 ,时间为 2 4h时效果最佳 ;而当水与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比达到 0 2 8左右、草酸与正硅酸乙酯的摩尔比为 0 0 1左右时 ,可以使凝胶时间达到最短。进一步的研究表明 ,镍盐的加入对凝胶烧成过程中 β -SiC的生成有催化作用。     

用 Gd2O3 做介质缓冲层制作金属包覆光波导偏振器

首次报道了采用Ｇｄ２Ｏ３薄膜作介质缓冲层制作金属包覆Ｔｉ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３光波导偏振器。通过对理论模型的计算选取合适的介质缓冲层厚度,给出了理论计算和实验结果。测试结果表明,我们实际制作的Ｇｄ２Ｏ３／Ａｌ包覆Ｔｉ：ＬｉＮｂＯ３偏振器的偏振消光比＞３５ｄＢ。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备薄膜时溶剂的选择

以异丙醇、乙二醇、乙二醇甲醚和乙二醇乙醚4种有机物作为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶工艺在Si衬底上制备了钛酸锶钡(BST)薄膜。利用分光光度计、XRD、SEM等手段对不同溶剂溶胶的透光率和BST薄膜的结构、形貌进行了表征,从溶胶-凝胶转变速度和制备的薄膜结晶质量等方面研究了溶剂对溶胶-凝胶法制备薄膜的影响。研究结果表明:用乙二醇乙醚为溶剂,经过1~3d陈化后,BST薄膜质量较好;在溶胶-凝胶法制备薄膜中,选用黏度小、沸点高、蒸发热大的溶剂有利于形成致密度较高的薄膜。     

烧结助剂对热压SiCw/Si3N4复合材料性能的影响

本文通过热压的方法分别制得以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ｌａ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷基复合材料，对比了采用不同种类及含量的烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的性能结果，发现烧结助剂的种类及含量对ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性有明显的影响，对高温弯曲强度的影响尤为显著。     

SiO2气凝胶复合短切莫来石纤维多孔骨架复合材料的制备及性能

将短切莫来石纤维、硅溶胶、B4C粉,经过1260℃烧结制备多孔骨架,以正硅酸乙酯、去离子水和乙醇配制SiO2溶胶,并将多孔骨架与SiO2溶胶浸渍,经过超临界干燥制备SiO2气凝胶复合的莫来石隔热瓦.通过热重和差热分析、X射线能谱分析,表明B4C在700℃～900℃时发生氧化,生成B2O3将短切纤维粘接到一起,莫来石多孔骨架在1500℃以下稳定存在.具有纳米级孔洞结构的SiO2气凝胶填充了多孔骨架的微米级孔洞,隔热瓦的热导率在200℃、500℃、800℃、1000℃分别下降了44.3%、33.8%、34.6%、29.5%.此外,SiO2气凝胶的复合使得抗弯和抗压强度分别提高了50%和40%.     

煅烧温度对钛酸钡晶相的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法,制备钛酸钡干凝胶.通过DSC对其进行热分析,确定两个煅烧温度:780 ℃和900 ℃.通过DSC,XRD对这两种温度煅烧得到的钛酸钡进行晶相结构表征.结果表明,随着煅烧温度升高,晶粒尺寸逐渐增大,(111)面间距d(111)和α轴逐渐减小,c轴逐渐增大.说明可以通过提高煅烧温度得到常温下为铁电性的四方相钛酸钡晶体,解决了溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸钡在常温下为顺电性的立方相晶体这一问题.     

三维编织碳纤维增强莫来石复合材料的制备与性能

结合Al2O3溶胶—凝胶技术和聚硅氧烷浸渍裂解技术制备出三维编织碳纤维增强莫来石复合材料(3D BCf/mullite)。研究表明,以AlCl3·6H2O和(CH2)6N4为原料的溶胶—凝胶工艺能制备出纳米γ Al2O3粉,它与聚硅氧烷在1400℃N2中共裂解可反应生成莫来石。所得3D BCf/mullite的密度为1.784g/cm3,弯曲强度和断裂韧性分别为282.5MPa和17.7MPa·m1/2。材料中较多的孔隙是材料密度和弯曲强度不高的原因所在。     

Ag2O 添加的YBa2 Cu3O7-δ超导材料的超导性能

用固态反应法按分子式ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ２．７Ａｇ０．３Ｏ７－δ（简称ＹＢＣＡＯ）制备了样品，利用Ｘ射线衍射，Ｒ－Ｔ曲线及扫描电镜ＳＥＭ研究了Ａｇ对于ＹＢＣＯ超导性能的影响。实验结果表明：晶粒得以细化，ＹＢＣＯ超导性能的稳定性有所增强。本文对结果进行了讨论。     

钛合金材料的等离子弧焊接技术

通过对钛合金管的等离子弧焊接工艺技术探索及分析、试验,掌握了钛合金材料的焊接要点,解决了钛合金在焊接时熔池和高温区的保护措施,改进了保护装置结构和喷嘴尺寸,在合理规范的参数下获得了满意的接头质量。     

High strain rate deformation of explosion-welded Ti6Al4V/pure titanium

Multilayer materials are widely used in military, automobile and aerospace industries. In this paper, the response of an explosion-welded Ti6Al4V/pure titanium with a flat interface to dynamic loading is investigated. An SHPB apparatus is used. Then, the dynamic behaviour of a bimetal sample is explored with a DIC system coupled to the SHPB. Result indicates that in the bimetal sample pure titanium is deformed and failed before Ti6Al4V. The stress curve of the sample shows two different peaks in a striker velocity higher than the 18.3 m/s. When the incident wave encounters the interface of the Ti6Al4V/pure titanium sample, only a small fraction of the wave is reflected owing to similar impedance. Using the direct interpretation stress-strain curve is unreasonable in this case because of unhomogenised plastic deformation. The microstructure of the sample is investigated after loading. An adiabatic shear band is formed in the pure titanium side before failure, and the interface of the sample remains intact under different loading conditions. The FEM simulation result for the sample is in good agreement with experimental observations.     

Dynamic globularization prediction during cogging process of large size TC11 titanium alloy billet with lamellar structure

The flow behavior and dynamic globularization of TC11 titanium alloy during subtransus deformation are investigated through hot compression tests. A constitutive model is established based on physical-based hardening model and phenomenological softening model. And based on the recrystallization mechanisms of globularization, the Avrami type kinetics model is established for prediction of globularization fraction and globularized grain size under large strain subtransus deformation of TC11 alloy. As the preliminary application of the previous results, the cogging process of large size TC11 alloy billet is simulated. Based on subroutine development of the DEFORM software, the coupled simulation of one fire cogging process is developed. It shows that the predicted results are in good agreement with the experimental results in forging load and microstructure characteristic, which validates the reliability of the developed FEM subroutine models.     

Study of high-speed-impact-induced conoidal fracture of Ti alloy layer in composite armor plate composed of Ti-and Al-alloy layers

In order to understand the mechanism of conoidal fracture damage caused by a high-speed fragment-simulating projectile in titanium alloy layer of a composite armor plate composed of titanium- and aluminum-alloy layers, the ballistic interaction process was successfully simulated based on the Tuler-Butcher and GISSMO coupling failure model. The simulated conoidal fracture morphology was in good agreement with the three-dimensional industrial-computed-tomography image. Further, three main damage zones (zones I, II, and III) were identified besides the crater area, which are located respectively near the crater area, at the back of the target plate, and directly below the crater area. Under the high-speed-impact conditions, in zone II, cracks began to form at the end of the period of crack formation in zone I, but crack formation in zone III started before the end of crack formation in zone II. Further, the damage mechanism differed for different stress states. The microcracks in zone I were formed both by void connection and shear deformation. In the formation of zone I, the stress triaxiality ranged from-2.0 to-1.0, and the shear failure mechanism played a dominant role. The microcracks in zone II showed the combined features of shear deformation and void connection, and during the for-mation process, the stress triaxiality was between 0 and 0.5 with a mixed failure mode. Further, the microcracks in zone III showed obvious characteristics of void connection caused by local melting. During the zone III formation, the triaxiality was 1.0-1.9, and the ductile fracture mechanism was dominant, which also reflects the phenomenon of spallation.     

Ti含量对Ti-B4C-C体系自蔓延高温合成的影响

以14Ti+3B4C+5C为基础反应体系,通过热力学分析及静态燃烧合成实验研究了钛含量对该体系SHS反应的绝热温度、反应速度和产物致密度的影响.研究表明,Ti含量适当增加,能够使反应速度加快、产物致密度提高.当Ti过量16%(摩尔分数)时,体系的绝热温度仍高达3 193K,反应速度最快,产物的致密度也较高.     

Formation of adiabatic shearing band for high-strength Ti-5553 alloy: A dramatic thermoplastic microstructural evolution

By using split Hopkinson pressure bar, optical microscopy and electronic microscopy, we investigate the influence of initial microstructures on the adiabatic shear behavior of high-strength Ti–5Al–5V–5Mo–3Cr (Ti-5553) alloy with lamellar microstructure and bimodal microstructure. Lamellar alloy tends to form adiabatic shearing band (ASB) at low compression strain, while bimodal alloy is considerably ASB-resistant. Comparing with the initial microstructure of Ti-5553 alloy, we find that the microstructure of the ASB changes dramatically. Adiabatic shear of lamellar Ti-5553 alloy not only results in the formation of recrystallized β nano-grains within the ASB, but also leads to the chemical redistribution of the alloying elements such as Al, V, Cr and Mo. As a result, the alloying elements distribute evenly in the ASB. In contrast, the dramatic adiabatic shear of bimodal alloy might give rise to the complete lamination of the globular primary α grain and the equiaxial prior β grain, which is accompanied by the dynamic recrystallization of α lamellae and β lamellae. As a result, ASB of bimodal alloy is composed of α/β nano-multilayers. Chemical redistribution does not occur in ASB of bimodal alloy. Bimodal Ti-5553 alloy should be a promising candidate for high performance armors with high mass efficiency due to the processes high dynamic flow stress and excellent ASB-resistance.     

The mechanical performance and a rate-dependent constitutive model for Al3Ti compound

The Al₃Ti compound has potential application in the high temperature structure materials due to its low density, high strength and stiffness. The mechanical behaviors of the material under different loading rates were studied using compression tests. The results indicate that Al₃Ti is a typical brittle material and its compressive strength is dependent on the strain rate. Therefore, a series of rate-dependent constitutive equations are needed to describe its mechanical behaviors accurately. However, it is still short of professional research on the material model for Al₃Ti. In this study, the material model was developed on the basis of JH-2 constitutive equations using the experimental data. The model was then applied in simulating the impact process of Ti/Al₃Ti metal-intermetallic laminate composites so as to validate the established model. Good agreement between simulation and experiment results shows the constitutive model predict the material responses under high rate and large deformation accurately. This work provides more support for the theoretical and numerical research on the intermetallic.     

油罐火灾泡沫灭火剂用量实战系数研究

通过统计我国典型油罐火灾案例,计算出实际火场的泡沫灭火剂实战系数,提出了油罐火灾泡沫灭火剂实际用量的3个影响因素:泡沫飞散罐外因素、着火油罐内部影响因素、气候影响因素。采用层次分析法建立了泡沫灭火剂用量评价数学模型,再将数学模型计算得到的结果与统计得到的实战系数进行对比,分析误差,有助于消防部队在火灾现场更加科学、合理地调用泡沫灭火剂。