高含钛量碳化硅纤维的研制

本文采用一种聚钛硅氧烷与聚碳硅烷反应,制得了Ti/Si摩尔比为0.10的聚钛碳硅烷。该聚合物具有良好的成丝性与稳定性,经熔融纺丝,再经不熔化处理后,在氮气气氛保护下1300℃热处理后制得了高含钛量的碳化硅纤维。文中对聚钛硅氧烷的合成与结构,它与聚碳硅烷的反应过程及聚钛碳硅烷的热分解特性进行了分析与研究。     

含镍碳化硅纤维的制备及其雷达波吸收特性

运用超声将纳米金属镍均匀分散到聚碳硅烷中,通过熔融纺丝、不熔化处理、烧结,制备出具有良好力学性能、电阻率连续可调的含镍碳化硅纤维。这种纤维与环氧树脂复合制备的结构吸波材料具有良好的雷达波吸收特性。     

连续碳化硅纤维的研制

本文研究了用先驱体法制备连续碳化硅(SiC)纤维的全过程。通过常压高温裂解法制得纺丝性能好的聚碳硅烷,经100孔熔融纺丝、不熔化处理和高温烧成等一系列工艺处理,制得了高性能的SiC纤维。该纤维单丝直径8～15微米,连续长度达100米,抗拉强度为2～2.3GPa,抗拉模量178GPa。主要性能达到日本同类产品八十年代的水平。本文还对制备工艺的一些基本规律及连续纤维的主要性能进行了研究。     

Si(Al)C纤维先驱体聚铝碳硅烷的合成

采用低分子量固态聚碳硅烷和乙酰丙酮铝为原料,利用Si-H与乙酰丙酮铝之间的交联反应合成适于熔融纺丝的聚铝碳硅烷。研究了反应条件对产物数均分子量、软化点和组成结构的影响及交联反应程度与可纺性之间的关系。实验结果表明:随着反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长,反应程度提高,残余乙酰丙酮基减少,Si-O-Al交联支化结构增多,分子量和软化点增大,可纺性随之下降。当乙酰丙酮铝投料比为8%时,在370℃下反应4~6 h,可得到软化点为206~221℃,Al wt%=0.68%,具有良好可纺性的聚铝碳硅烷。     

复合材料专题-Si(Al)C纤维先驱体聚铝碳硅烷的合成*

采用低分子量固态聚碳硅烷(PCS)和乙酰丙酮铝([Al(acac)3])为原料,利用Si-H与[Al(acac)3]之间的交联反应合成适于多孔连续熔融纺丝的聚铝碳硅烷(PACS)。研究了反应条件对产物数均分子量、软化点和组成结构的影响及交联反应程度和可纺性之间的联系。结果表明,随着反应温度的升高和时间的延长,反应程度提高,残余乙酰丙酮基减少,Si-O-Al交联支化结构增多,分子量和软化点增大,可纺性随之下降。当[Al(acac)3]投料比为8wt%时,在370°C下反应4-6h,可得到软化点为206~221°C,Alwt%=0.68%,具有良好可纺性的PACS     

SiC纤维先驱丝—聚碳硅烷纤维的研制

本文对SiC纤维的先躯丝——聚碳硅烷纤维的合成进行了研究。聚碳硅烷是由聚硅烷在聚硼硅氧烷(派松)催化下热解而成。熔融纺丝制得的聚碳硅烷纤维,经空气不熔化处理后,在N_2气氛下,1250℃烧成具有金属光泽的SiC纤维。通过元素分析,红外光谱分析,热分析及裂解气相色谱分析,对聚硅烷,聚碳硅烷和聚硼硅氧烷的性质和合成工艺进行了研究。     

膨胀石墨对复合相变材料性能的影响

在硬脂酸中加入膨胀石墨,用熔融共混法制备了硬脂酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料,对复合相变材料的微观结构、热性能、稳定性、储放热能力等进行了表征分析,探究了膨胀石墨对硬脂酸结构与性能的影响规律。结果表明:硬脂酸/膨胀石墨复合相变材料结构上是硬脂酸与膨胀石墨的物理结合,未发生化学反应生成其他物质,保持了两者的优良性能;随着膨胀石墨质量的增加,复合相变材料储放热时间减少,热效率提高,稳定性增强,同时相变温度和相变潜热降低。     

非整数控制时域模型预测控制

以动态矩阵控制(DMC,Dynamic Matrix Contro1)的状态空间描述为基础,通过推导相邻控制时域之间控制增量的递推关系,提出了一种非整数控制时域方法,该方法主要针对整数控制时域在改善系统性能与稳定性时存在的缺点,利用一个调节参数β,可以使控制时域连续地变化,在保证系统稳定性的前提下尽可能提高系统响应,而且涉及的计算量也不大,同时给出了非整数控制时域名义稳定性和鲁棒性的条件,最后通过仿真说明了这种方法的有效性。     

直接侧向力与气动力复合控制系统的反步法设计研究

研究在导弹控制中采用直接侧向力与气动力复合控制技术,以提高导弹响应过载指令的速度.针对复合控制动力学模型提出了虚拟控制的概念,采用反步法设计稳定回路的控制律,应用Lyapunov稳定性定理进行稳定性分析,按一定的原则将虚拟控制指令在舵与脉冲发动机之间进行分配.实验结果表明该方法设计的复合控制导弹能够快速的响应过载指令.     

浮球式惯性平台动态积分滑模控制方法研究

浮球平台的内球是平台对惯性空间稳定的部件,其输出量的控制精度和快速响应能力相互制约。研究了平台稳定性与快速性的协调方法,采用了基于比例积分干扰观测器的动态积分滑模控制方法,并将其仿真实验结果与美国国防科技报告提出的LQR控制方法进行对比。实验结果表明,该方法可有效提高伺服回路稳态精度、改善系统动态性能。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.