聚氨酯的合成及水声性能

用甲苯-2,4-二异氰酸酯(2,4-TDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)等原料合成了聚氨酯预聚体,以3,3-二氯-4,4-二氨基二苯甲烷(MOCA)、三羟甲基丙烷(TMP)为扩链剂合成了聚氨酯,在脉冲声管中测试了合成试样的声压反射系数和吸声系数,研究了不同扩链剂及不同含量的2,6-二叔丁基-4-甲基苯酚(BHT)对其水下声学性能的影响。测试结果表明:TDI-PPG-MOCA合成型聚氨酯是一种良好的水下透声材料,TDI-PPG-TMP合成型聚氨酯是一种良好的水下吸声材料;BHT的加入对TDI-PPG-TMP合成型聚氨酯的水下吸声性能有显著提高,因此合理地设计实验工艺参数,可以得到水下声学性能更佳的聚氨酯。     

高官能度水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯/纳米SiO2杂化材料的制备及性能

以聚己内酯二醇(PCL)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)为原料,合成了高官能度水性聚氨酯丙烯酸酯WPUA。以WPUA为有机相,γ-甲基丙烯酰氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷(TMSPM)改性纳米SiO2为无机相,制备了水性光固化有机/无机纳米杂化体系。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱对合成产物进行了表征,并对杂化薄膜的表面形貌、热稳定性、光固化动力学及力学性能进行了分析。结果表明合成了预期产物,杂化体系中改性纳米SiO2分散均匀稳定;随着SiO2含量的增加,材料的热稳定性、力学性能均有明显提高;不同SiO2条件下体系均保持了较高的光固化速率和最终凝胶含量。     

聚氨酯软质泡沫的制备和结构

以聚醚多元醇(PPO)和甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)为原料,采用一步法合成了一种具有良好泡孔结构的聚氨酯软质泡沫。研究了催化剂、发泡剂、泡沫稳定剂和TDI指数对泡沫形态结构的影响,得到了三组配方,并对其进行了光学显微镜和FIIR测试,研究结果表明:聚氨酯软质泡沫合成的聚合反应基本完成;不同的配方条件制备的泡沫材料孔径分布均匀但孔径大小不同。     

超声合成β-烷氧基萘

以β 萘酚和H(CH2)nBr(n=4、7、9)为原料,甲醇钠(CH3ONa)和甲醇为溶剂,在N2气保护下,用超声催化合成β 烷氧基萘,反应5h,收率可达94%。反应的适宜条件为:β 萘酚和H(CH2)nBr摩尔比为1∶1,甲醇钠的浓度为2 0mol/L(溶剂CH3OH),超声频率33±2kHz。     

餐饮废油甘油酯法合成烷醇酰胺

以餐饮废油为原料,采用甘油酯法制备表面活性剂脂肪酸二乙醇酰胺。通过均匀实验确定最优合成反应条件:反应温度200℃,餐饮废油与二乙醇胺质量比1.3∶1,反应时间330 min。在此条件,油脂转化率为98.3%,产物的胺值和pH均达到国家标准要求。产物具有良好的表面活性,并可作为中间产物用于进一步加工。     

1,4-双(氯甲基)-2-甲氧基-5-烷氧基苯的合成研究

用Ⅰ（ｎ＝２,４,７,８）的氯甲基化反应合成出相应的四种氯甲基化产物Ⅱ（ｎ＝２,４,７,８）,讨论了反应条件对产率的影响,产物结构由ＩＲ和１ＨＮＭＲ确定,并讨论了反应机理。ＣＨ３ＯＯ（ＣＨ２）ｎＨ（Ⅰ）ＣＨ３ＯＣＨ２Ｃ１Ｏ（ＣＨ２）ｎＨＣＨ２Ｃ１（Ⅱ     

液相色谱-质谱法测定2-氯乙烯胂酸

研究了用液相色谱-质谱两种电离技术测定路易氏剂1的降解产物2-氯乙烯胂酸,比较了在不同流动相中该化合物的响应情况,并且利用源内CID技术获得了丰富质谱碎片,对所鉴定的碎片进行了解释,用选择离子检测得到该化合物的检测限在APCI电离技术中为9ng,在ESI电离技术中为4ng．     

二羟基苯氧基硅烷合成途径设计及产物表征

用Hyperchem 7.0软件的半经验分子轨道法(Semi-empirical-AM1)和分子力学(Molecular Dynamics)法计算了二羟基苯氧基硅烷不同合成过程反应的焓变,对反应途径进行优选,计算了产物的IR谱图,并与实验结果进行了对比。研究表明,以对苯二酚与二乙氧基硅烷进行反应制备二羟基苯氧基硅烷在热力学上是有利的,可得到目标产物;Hyperchem 7.0软件用于新型有机硅化合物合成途径优化及产物表征具有一定的应用价值。     

模糊综合评判在武器费用-效能分析中的应用

针对武器费用-效能分析需综合考虑费用、效能和时间三方面因素的问题,提出一种基于模糊综合评判法的多目标决策问题的解决方案.介绍了模糊综合评判的数学模型,总结了在应用模糊综合评判进行辅助决策时需要注意的三点问题,最后结合实例对4种飞机备选研制方案,通过建立单因素评判的模糊优先矩阵、计算单因素排序向量进而得到评判矩阵,采用加权平均型合成算子,将评判矩阵与由KLEE法得到的加权向量进行合成,得出了4种方案的费用-效能分析结果,为方案的选择提供了依据,结果表明,这种方法具有实用价值.     

冲击波活化热压烧结氮化硅粉末

对Si3 N4粉末实现了三种不同压力的冲击波预先处理 ,而后采用三种不同的热压烧结条件制得Si3 N4陶瓷。运用SEM ,TEM ,HRTEM和XRD等手段分析了粉末和陶瓷的结构特性 ,同时测试了材料的性能。结果表明 :冲击波压力没有导致Si3 N4粉末的相变 ,TEM观察表明Si3 N4晶粒中有大量的位错及位错群 ,冲击波的作用主要是通过引入大量位错和其他缺陷促进致密化过程 ,提高陶瓷材料的机械性能。经过40GPa冲击波活化 1 80 0℃热压烧结的Si3 N4陶瓷性能最好 ,弯曲强度达 1 1 0 7.2MPa ,断裂韧性达 1 2 .2 0MPa .m1/2 。     

Ti含量对Ti-B4C-C体系自蔓延高温合成的影响

以14Ti+3B4C+5C为基础反应体系,通过热力学分析及静态燃烧合成实验研究了钛含量对该体系SHS反应的绝热温度、反应速度和产物致密度的影响.研究表明,Ti含量适当增加,能够使反应速度加快、产物致密度提高.当Ti过量16%(摩尔分数)时,体系的绝热温度仍高达3 193K,反应速度最快,产物的致密度也较高.     

自然损耗对储油经济效能影响的模糊综合评估

石油及其产品在储存过程中,受到工艺技术、设备以及管理方法的限制,不可避免会有部分轻质组分汽化,逸入大气,对环境造成污染,并造成经济损失。这种因自然损耗对储油经济带来的影响因素很多,既有定性的,又有定量的,且各因素大多又难以精确地描述,因此,为了反映这些不确定因素对油罐储油经济性的影响,运用多级模糊综合评判的方法,对储油经济性进行综合评判。该方法的思路是建立一个经济效能三级模糊综合评判指标体系,构建相应的评判模型,并以算例加以验证。分析计算结果表明:该方法能较好考虑到评判中的模糊因素,为客观准确评估储油经济效能提供了科学依据。     

GNSS接收机离散化处理对解扩性能影响的研究

建立了扩频信号防混叠滤波、采样和量化与解扩输出关系的数学解析模型,推导得到解扩输出信噪比的解析表达式。分析与仿真表明,当量化位数大于等于4比特,解扩得到总的信噪比损失可以分解为由量化引起的损失和滤波加采样引起损失的乘积,且量化器最优限幅系数只与量化位数相关;当量化位数小于4比特时,信噪比损失在一定条件下可近似为量化损失和滤波加采样损失的乘积。当量化位数大于4比特、滤波器带宽大于5倍码率、采样频率大于4倍码率时,再增大上述参数引起的信噪比损失波动小于0.05dB,对解扩性能提升不明显。本文结论可为实用型GNSS接收机前端离散化处理优化设计提供理论指导。     

Scheduling multiple products on parallel machines with setup costs

We consider a class of production scheduling models with m identical machines in parallel and k different product types. It takes a time p_i to produce one unit of product type i on any one of the machines. There is a demand stream for product type i consisting of n_i units with each unit having a given due date. Before a machine starts with the production of a batch of products of type i a setup cost c is incurred. We consider several different objective functions. Each one of the objective functions has three components, namely a total setup cost, a total earliness cost, and a total tardiness cost. In our class of problems we find a relatively large number of problems that can be solved either in polynomial time or in pseudo‐polynomial time. The polynomiality or pseudo‐polynomiality is achieved under certain special conditions that may be of practical interest; for example, a regularity pattern in the string of due dates combined with earliness and tardiness costs that are similar for different types of products. The class of models we consider includes as special cases discrete counterparts of a number of inventory models that have been considered in the literature before, e.g., Wagner and Whitin (Manage Sci 5 (1958), 89–96) and Zangwill (Oper Res 14 (1966), 486–507; Manage Sci 15 (1969), 506–527). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2008     

自蔓延高温合成技术的研究动态

对自蔓延高温合成技术(SHS)的最新研究动态进行了介绍,指出SHS技术作为一种制备和合成材料的新技术,以其高效、节能、经济、材料性能优良等优点,现已成为制备新材料的崭新途径,并提出自蔓延高温合成技术今后的研究方向。     

利用OH-PLIF技术显示超声速燃烧的火焰结构

针对在来流马赫数为1.72的空气来流中横向喷注氢气发生超声速燃烧的流场,利用平面激光诱导氢氧基荧光(OH-PLIF)技术,对超燃燃烧室中三个不同的流向截面进行了二维成像测量。选择波长为283.553nm的染料激光倍频光作为激发光,可近似认为获得的OH基荧光信号强度与OH基的摩尔分数成正比。瞬态的OH基PLIF图像揭示了超声速燃烧火焰结构具有高度湍流特性,在凹腔内部存在稳定的燃烧区,为整个燃烧反应提供值班火焰,起到了促进和稳定超声速燃烧的作用。超燃火焰在沿流向传播的同时还沿径向传播,凹腔展向尺度增大时火焰沿流向的火焰区会有所减小。     

论建国以来高师公共课《教育学》教材建设历程

中国高等师范教育公共课《教育学》教材建设分为四个时期：一、以引进为主,创建中国化的时期;二、 教材的政治化、政策化的时期;三、恢复教育学的学科体系时期;四、《教育学》教材科学化的进程与困惑时期。《教 育学》教材的建设随着教育理论研究几经周折,发展至今逐步走向科学化。     

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading

The deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells and square plate with pre-formed holes under blast loading were investigated numerically by employing the Ansys 17.0 and Ls-Dyna 971. To calibrate the numerical model, the experiments of square plates with pre-formed circle holes were modeled and the numerical results have a good agreement with the experiment data. The calibrated numerical model was used to study the deformation and failure mechanism of cylindrical shells with pre-formed circle holes subjected to blast loading. The structure response and stress field changing process has been divided into four specific stages and the deformation mechanism has been discussed systematically. The local and global deformation curves, degree of damage, change of stress status and failure modes of cylindrical shell and square plate with pre-formed circular holes are obtained, compared and analyzed, it can be concluded as: (1) The transition of tensile stress fields is due to the geometrical characteristic of pre-formed holes and cylindrical shell with arch configuration; (2) The existence of pre-formed holes not only lead to the increasing of stress concentration around the holes, but also release the stress concentration during whole response process; (3) There are three and two kinds of failure modes for square plate and cylindrical shell with pre-formed holes, respectively. and the standoff distance has a key influence on the forming location of the crack initiating point and the locus of crack propagation; (4) The square plate with pre-formed holes has a better performance than cylindrical shell on blast-resistant capability at a smaller standoff distance, while the influence of pre-formed holes on the reduction of blast-resistant capability of square plate is bigger than that of cylindrical shell.     

微波辐射下无溶剂合成3种亚胺

在微波辐射无溶剂条件下,苯甲醛、肉桂醛和二苯甲酮分别与苯胺反应合成了3种亚胺类化合物,解决了此类化合物由于不稳定而在柱层析过程中分解的问题,并对产物进行了提纯和1H NMR表征。在辐射功率为400 W、辐射时间为90 s条件下,前2个反应的产率分别为82%和80%,而由于空间位阻的影响,二苯甲酮与苯胺未发生反应。在增大辐射功率、延长辐射时间后,二苯甲酮与苯胺发生反应并取得了56%的产率。     

Simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products: A two‐stage stochastic program with additional demand after recourse

This paper analyzes the simultaneous production of market‐specific products tailored to the needs of individual regions and a global product that could be sold in many regions. We assume that the global product costs more to manufacture, but allows the decision concerning the allocation of products to regions to be delayed until after the manufacturing process has been completed. We further assume that there is additional demand after the region allocation but prior to delivery, extending the two‐stage stochastic program with recourse to include additional stochastic demand after the recourse. This scenario arises, for example, when there is additional uncertainty during a delivery delay which might occur with transoceanic shipments. We develop conditions for optimality assuming a single build‐allocate‐deliver cycle and stochastic demand during both the build and deliver periods. The optimal policy calls for the simultaneous production of market‐specific and global products, even when the global product is substantially more costly than the market‐specific product. In addition, we develop bounds on the performance of the optimal policy for the multicycle problem. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 50: 438–461, 2003