基于多Agent协作的战场信息共享系统研究与实现

针对联合作战中分布、动态的战场环境和海量的战场信息,满足不同作战实体对战场信息资源共享的需求,构建了一个基于多智能体的、面向作战任务的信息资源共享模型,并提出了一种新颖的基于相似度的用户动态聚类方法。从用户的资源请求中发现用户兴趣和用户之间的相似度,通过交互机制有效地将相同兴趣的用户及资源智能体关联起来,提高作战主体获取战场信息的能力。实验证明该算法具有较高的效率和良好的可扩展性。     

浅述作战部队军需信息与指挥决策一体化

军需信息与指挥决策一体化,是指充分利用信息技术和计算机技术将战场各领域的军需保障信息采集、处理纳入统一的网络系统中,实现信息共享,最大限度地利用信息资源,达成军需保障信息采集多维化、处理自动化、流通网络化、指挥决策实时化。高技术条件下的局部战争以其作战行动的突然性和复杂性,战场情况的多变性和不确定性,改变了传统军需保障的观念与模式,致使战场军需保障信息与军需指挥决策的矛盾日益突出。这就要求作战部队军需保障信息与指挥决策实现一体化,使军需指挥员能充分掌握战场军需保障的主动和优势,及时分析判断战场情况并做出…     

基于GIS的战场电磁环境可视化研究

针对当前战场电磁环境不可见特征,部队指挥员对其认知的模糊性,运用地理信息系统GIS(Graphic Information System)探索战场电磁环境可视化问题。提出用空间聚类分析模型解决分析处理电磁辐射源空间分布上的一种或几种特征问题,并对系统数据库设计、功能模板设计、逻辑结构设计进行详细阐述。得到可视化系统设计方案,将为指挥员进行电磁态势分析、指挥作战提供有效的辅助决策工具。     

基于防空反导的战术级通用态势图分析研究

针对不同战场角色、作战任务、作战规模、战场级别、关键事件环境等情境因素中,指挥员无法准确而迅速地获取需要的信息等问题,在战术级指控系统与当前防空反导发展趋势的基础上,集中详细地阐述了通用态势图。在战场态势预测分析的基础上,进一步介绍了其关键技术,并通过仿真数据进行了验证。在帮助指挥员深入认知战场态势上提供了辅助,从而减少了冗余态势信息对指挥员的干扰,缩短了整个决策环的时间。     

基于深度学习的战场态势高级理解模拟方法

当今军事领域问题的研究已步入了信息化主导的大数据时代,传统的智能辅助指挥员完成战场态势理解已遇到了瓶颈,亟需探索突破。认知智能中深度学习的提出可为该问题的突破提供契机。通常,指挥员进行战场态势理解是分层次的。其中的高级理解则需要深度学习来模拟。就此,展开了探索性研究。概述了战场态势评估的相关概念,分析了指挥员理解战场态势的思维模式,掌握了指挥员理解战场态势时的主要步骤,并结合深度学习运行原理,提出了一种基于深度学习的指挥员战场态势高级理解思维过程(以判断敌方对我方可能的主攻方向为例)模拟方法,该方法利用认知智能中的深度学习(以CNN为例)对指挥员战场态势高级理解过程进行非线性拟合处理,从而达到探索性模拟的目的,仿真实验结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

多层次灰色聚类决策对目标价值排序的应用

针对战场环境下的目标价值排序问题,应用层次分析法(AHP)原理,分析了不同目标的不同因素的影响,在确定指标权重的基础上提出了目标价值排序的递阶层次结构模型;并进一步运用灰色聚类方法,构造评价函数,综合决策目标价值排序.通过案例分析验证,将层次分析法与灰色聚类综合评价法相结合,取得了较为满意的结果,为指挥员对目标价值决策提供理论依据.     

基于模糊多属性决策的反装甲目标战场价值评估

信息化战场反装甲目标层出不穷,指挥员决策难度增大。针对反装甲目标信息的复杂性,应用模糊多属性决策理论,提出坦克分队进攻战斗中敌反装甲目标战场价值评估的方法。并通过确定各决策因素指标值和计算加权值,构建价值评估多属性决策模型,快速有效地确定分队本级范畴内的敌反装甲目标的战场价值,有利于分队指挥员迅速果断地实现其作战指挥决策。     

面向作战决策智能体的融合赋权评估方法

在兵棋等对抗性作战实验环境下,通过使用基于强化学习方法训练的智能体进行仿真推演,能够检验作战决策效果,达到辅助决策的目的。针对当前作战决策智能体评估往往采用胜率这一单一数据指标的局限,提出了一种基于融合赋权的综合评估方法。通过构建涵盖作战决策有效性、作战意图实现性、作战环境适应性、智能体训练效率、智能体训练体系和智能体训练方法等技战术效果指标的评估体系,然后使用主客观方法对不同类型指标进行赋权,再根据指标性质将权值融合进入评估体系,实现基于融合权重的智能体决策效果评估。构建了陆上合成分队进攻作战场景,利用该方法对6个智能体进行评估验证,能够获得智能体的综合排名,有效避免了单一指标的评估局限。该方法对作战决策智能体评估提供了新的思路,符合作战环境需要,具有一定的应用价值。     

基于K-Means聚类算法的空中态势威胁挖掘

战场环境复杂多样,各种探测手段层出不穷,空中威胁属性指标种类繁多,增大了指挥员对空中态势威胁分析难度。正确、快速地对空中态势进行威胁分析,将给战场部署提供有效的决策依据。建立基于K-Means聚类算法的空中目标威胁等级聚类模型,通过对空中目标威胁属性特征的数据进行分析,对威胁目标聚类进行深度挖掘,将目标威胁等级问题转化为最优聚类问题。实例分析表明该算法在对威胁目标等级聚类中有效,提高了目标威胁等级聚类的可靠性、精确性。     

战场目标情报的模糊聚类分析与Excel实现

为有效地对战争目标情报进行快捷、准确地分析处理,从而确定目标区域战场价值程度,以炮兵某次进攻战斗为战术背景,将敌防御区域按照目标分布特点划分为12个小区域;再根据目标的属性和打分原则,运用打分法分别求出各个小区域的综合得分情况;最后采用模糊聚类分析方法和Excel应用软件对其价值进行分析评估,依据模糊聚类结果从而确定重点区域,为指挥员和决策机关制定正确的策略提供科学的依据。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.