赛博空间面临的威胁与挑战

对赛博空间和赛博战概念进行解析,研究了赛博安全、赛博空间、赛博力量、赛博作战等领域所面临的威胁与挑战,认为赛博优势和赛博能力决定了一个国家在下一轮军事和综合国力较量中的地位。从国家赛博安全战略、信息基础设施建设和赛博力量建设等方面,给出了应对赛博空间威胁与挑战的思考与策略。     

基于多变元网络的Cyber作战建模方法

Cyberspace是近年出现的一个新概念,分析了Cyberspace的概念及特性,提出Cyberspace层次概念模型,在此基础上,提出基于多变元网络的Cyber作战建模方法,认为Cyber作战建模可以分为对战争系统静态结构建模和交战行为动态交互建模,并对应分别建立了Cyberspace战争系统的多变元网络模型和Cyber作战交战行为的多变元网络演化模型,最后运用所建立的模型对一个典型Cyber战进行了分析.     

战场赛博空间电子战应用研究

首先阐述和分析了赛博空间和电子战的概念和特点,给出了电子战在赛博空间中的定位。然后探讨了电子战在赛博空间中的应用,给出了电子战在赛博空间中可能应用的几大方面。最后总结了赛博空间电子战面临的关键技术与挑战。     

赛博安全与赛博对抗技术

根据赛博空间信息对抗的本质特征,结合体系作战特点,提出了一种基于服务概念的赛博空间概念,并将赛博安全分为赛博利用、赛博访问和赛博控制三类,分析赛博安全模型,给出未来影响赛博对抗装备发展的几种关键技术。     

基于体系视角的赛博空间作战效能评估

分析了赛博空间及其体系特性,提出研究赛博空间作战效能评估需要重点关注对实体、体系仿真建模,对网络依赖等特殊行为建模,对体系整体能力的评估等几个问题。在体系视角下总结探讨了赛博空间作战效能评估的数学解析计算、基于历史数据和实验的统计评估、基于计算机仿真分析三种可行方法,提出了对赛博空间作战进行"对比式"效能评估的体系仿真试验方法,指出适用于赛博空间作战效能评估的指标体系是网状结构而非树状结构,复杂网络方法是能够有效解决这一问题的可行途径。     

赛博空间概念框架及赛博空间作战机理研究

通过分析赛博空间概念内涵提出了一个赛博空间概念框架,以此为基础运用OODA环理论从本质上分析赛博空间战特性,按照作用方式不同将赛博空间战作战行动分为四大类,重点阐述了赛博空间战中针对信息运行空间的有效信息、节点单元和网络链路的三类典型攻击性作战行动,总结了赛博空间战作战行动以电磁频谱为媒介、以网络结构为依托、以信息控制为目标、与传统动能作战相辅相成的特征。     

基于电磁防护仿生方法的赛博空域鲁棒性研究

阐述赛博空域研究工作中以仿生方式进行电磁防护所需要涉及的基本内容,对所研究的内容在整个仿生领域中予以大致的定位．对赛博空域进行定义,解释进行电磁防护的基本概念、相关仿生研究的表象级对等模型、研究策略和实现基础．根据结构和功能的关系进行相应方案的规划,并结合鲁棒性研究,在分级冗余基础上考虑鲁棒裕度问题,描述网络简并、功能梯度和旁路易化的特征,使得赛博环境下电磁防护的仿生构想在技术上成为可能．     

国防装备与系统的未来变革:从3D打印到平行军事体系

文章讨论3D打印和大数据技术所可能引发的国防装备和军事系统的未来变革,重点介绍平行军事体系的理念、概念及基本框架,主要强调虚实互动的平行扩展方式与面向Cyberspace的战争组织与行动之密切关系,强调必须融合军事装备与军事情报事务的革命,进而通过人工军事组织,利用智能化的军事解析和推荐系统,实现对复杂战场的实时反馈闭环指挥与控制。     

电磁频谱安全问题探讨

电磁频谱安全是赛博空间安全的重要方面之一,文章从频谱的可用性与安全性两方面入手,分析了有限的频谱资源与无限的频谱需求之间的矛盾,以及电磁频谱使用易受有意、无意干扰和恶意攻击等电磁频谱安全问题。并提出了解决电磁频谱安全问题的相关建议。     

网络化、企业化、赛博化正成为美陆军新的发展趋势

根据2010年美陆军重要战略文件;WIN-T、JTRS、单兵通信系统等通信网络系统的发展,美陆军作战体系正在向全球网络企业架构迁移;并进一步从美陆军近年来重要军事演习等方面进行分析,提出网络化、企业化、赛博化正成为美陆军新的发展趋势,以期为我军现代化建设提供借鉴和参考。     

Collective security and strategic instability in the digital domain

Cyberspace experiences worrying trends that could have a negative impact on the international strategic landscape. The lack or erosion of norms and risky practices and behaviors could lead to greater uncertainty and thus greater instability. Set against a context of renewed competition between great powers, these developments are also tied to the strategic structure of cyberspace. This forum is devoted to discussing factors leading to stability or and instability.     

Another manifestation of cyber conflict: attaining military objectives through cyber avenues of approach

Cyberspace is an avenue of approach through which a military force can attain objectives of value. Through these cyber avenues of approach, military forces can engage, vet, organize, and direct human agents to accomplish specific activities. Although the objectives of these activities could differ from traditional military objectives, they still have military relevance. This particular manifestation of cyber conflict is neither a new domain of war nor something outside of warfare. Rather, it can be viewed as an emerging avenue of approach in the larger context of military operations, auguring benefits in the integration of cyber activities with operations.     

Conjectures for framing cyberwarfare

Cyberspace has emerged as a potentially new (and unconventional) domain for warfare. Much debate has focused on understanding cyber conflict. The ability to critically analyse this phenomenon is important; however, the nascent nature of cyberwarfare and the complexity of the systems involved create challenges not met by conventional approaches. As a first step, this requires an analytical construct to frame discussions in a way that highlights distinct characteristics of the cyber domain. An approach proposed is one of the postulating conjectures for debate as a way to achieve this and to demonstrate its use, both at the strategic and operational levels. It is suggested that such an approach provides one component of a mature analytical framework for the analysis of cyber across a range of warfare domains.     

The Damoclean sword of offensive cyber: Policy uncertainty and collective insecurity

Cyberspace is a new domain of operation, with its own characteristics. Cyber weapons differ qualitatively from kinetic ones: They generate effects by non-kinetic means through information, technology, and networks. Their properties, opportunities, and constraints are comparable to the qualitative difference between conventional and nuclear weapons. New weapons and their target sets in a new domain raise a series of unresolved policy challenges at the domestic, bilateral, and international levels about deterrence, attribution, and response. They also introduce new risks: uncertainty about unintended consequences, expectations of efficacy, and uncertainty about both the target’s and the international community’s response. Cyber operations offer considerable benefits for states to achieve strategic objectives both covertly and overtly. However, without a strategic framework to contain and possibly deter their use, make state and non-state behavior more predictable in the absence of reciprocal norms, and limit their impact, an environment where states face persistent attacks that nonetheless fall below the threshold of armed conflict presents a policy dilemma that reinforces collective insecurity.     

基于DTRC的形式自动证明平台及其应用

动态项重写计算(DTRC)是项重写系统(TRS)的元计算模型,具有层次化结构和动态重写等特征,可应用于归纳定理的形式自动证明以及项重写系统弱终止性的形式自动证明等方面.文中介绍了一个基于DTRC的形式自动证明平台及其在TRS弱终止性自动证明上的应用.     

Strategic dynamic sourcing from competing suppliers with transferable capacity investment

We study the supplier relationship choice for a buyer that invests in transferable capacity operated by a supplier. With a long‐term relationship, the buyer commits to source from a supplier over a long period of time. With a short‐term relationship, the buyer leaves open the option of switching to a new supplier in the future. The buyer has incomplete information about a supplies efficiency, and thus uses auctions to select suppliers and determine the contracts. In addition, the buyer faces uncertain demand for the product. A long‐term relationship may be beneficial for the buyer because it motivates more aggressive bidding at the beginning, resulting a lower initial price. A short‐term relationship may be advantageous because it allows switching, with capacity transfer at some cost, to a more efficient supplier in the future. We find that there exists a critical level of the switching cost above which a long‐term relationship is better for the buyer than a short‐term relationship. In addition, this critical switching cost decreases with demand uncertainty, implying a long‐term relationship is more favorable for a buyer facing volatile demand. Finally, we find that in a long‐term relationship, capacity can be either higher or lower than in a short‐term relationship. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 2009     

结合全局与局部信息的主动轮廓分割模型

针对传统的基于区域的主动轮廓模型在分割灰度不均匀图像和噪声图像存在效果不佳的问题,提出结合全局项与局部项的主动轮廓分割模型。全局项由CV(Chan-Vese)模型的保真项构成,局部项的构建考虑局部区域信息的同时引入反映图像灰度特性的局部熵信息。依据图像灰度的特点,选择合理的全局项和局部项参数,并加入正则项保证曲线在演化过程中保持平滑,保障分割结果的可靠性。通过变分水平集方法最小化能量泛函,依据梯度下降流迭代更新水平集,完成曲线演化。采用模拟图像和实际图像进行实验分析,结果表明,所提出的结合全局项和局部项的主动轮廓模型可以高效地分割噪声严重以及灰度分布不均匀的图像。     

The effect of deployment on first‐ and second‐term re‐enlistment in the US active duty force

Why should deployment affect re‐enlistment? In our model, members enter the military with naïve beliefs about deployment and use actual deployment experience to update their beliefs and revise their expected utility of re‐enlisting. Empirically, re‐enlistment is related to the type and number of deployments, consistent with the learning model. Non‐hostile deployment increases first‐term re‐enlistment but hostile deployment has little effect except for the Army, where the effect is positive. Both types increase second‐term re‐enlistment. Interestingly, first‐term members with dependants tend to respond to deployment like second‐term members. In addition, deployment acts directly to affect re‐enlistment, not indirectly through time to promotion.     

西藏大学校长特征研究——以建校29年6任校长为例

本文对西藏大学从1985年建校到2014年以来,6任大学校长的个人特征,从性别、教育背景、籍贯、任职时年龄和任职年限等维度进行分析。结果显示:来自西藏本地的校长有4位,来自山东的校长有2位;平均每一位校长在任时间5.4年,高于国内34所知名大学校长平均任职年限,但是低于哈佛大学校长平均任职年限;6位大学校长,没有一位是女性,任职时平均年龄为46.5岁,小于对口支援西藏大学的高校的现任校长的任职年龄;6位大学校长出身名校的较少,学历层次偏低,学科背景多为文科,缺少国外留学和工作经历。