空投设备缓冲气囊的优化设计

简述了气囊缓冲的机理及工作过程,建立了气囊缓冲过程的理论分析模型及气囊参数优化数学模型。利用ISIGHT建立气囊优化模型,选择遗传算法对空投设备缓冲气囊的主辅气囊排气孔面积、气囊高度和主辅气囊体积比进行优化。优化后的结果对空投试验具有很好的指导意义,可减少气囊设计试验次数从而降低试验成本。     

空投着陆系统多气囊并联缓冲特性研究

为了计算多气囊并联着陆缓冲系统缓冲特性,分析各种因素对其缓冲特性的影响,以理想气体均匀压力模型为基础,采用控制体积法建立了多气囊并联着陆缓冲性能数值计算模型。针对某气囊缓冲系统进行了地面冲击实验,通过与实验数据对比,验证了计算模型的正确性。通过计算分析了主要参数对气囊缓冲系统缓冲特性的影响。结果表明,气囊缓冲系统缓冲特性受空投质量、着陆速度、排气口面积和着陆海拔高度等因素影响较大,必须在其允许的使用范围内才能达到理想的缓冲效果,以保证空投装备的安全。     

重型装备空投系统的匹配设计与评估方法

为解决重型武器装备空投系统的匹配设计问题,采用非线性有限元方法,结合气体热力学理论,建立重型装备空投系统的仿真模型,结合装备的试验数据进行了模型的验证,在分析重装空投落地缓冲过程的响应特性的基础上,研究了空投系统的匹配设计与评估方法,并以高海拔条件下空投过程中缓冲气囊的缓冲特性为例进行了分析,研究结果对空投系统的优化设计、匹配与评估具有一定的参考价值。     

重型装备回收系统气囊缓冲特性研究

将气囊缓冲过程分解为绝热压缩和排气释能2个过程,从热力学和运动学方程出发,建立考虑降落伞阻力影响的缓冲气囊的解析分析模型。基于该模型,对立式气囊的缓冲特性进行研究。结果表明：降落伞阻力对缓冲性能有微小影响,在计算中可以忽略。在理论分析的基础上给出了系统质量与气囊初始体积比的最优值,探讨了排气口固定型与可控型气囊的缓冲特性及其应用优劣。     

空投着陆缓冲系统效能评估模型

为了有效构建空投缓冲系统效能评估体系,研究建立了不同缓冲系统通用效能评估模型。模型综合分析缓冲系统作战能力与保障能力,建立了空投缓冲系统效能指标体系。在此基础上,运用效能评估ADC模型与AHP方法,结合指标能力量化准则实现对缓冲系统效能的定量评定。通过实例计算,验证了模型的正确性和有效性,为缓冲系统的发展论证与使用决策提供依据。     

月壤参数对月面着陆气囊缓冲性能的影响

为研究月壤参数对气囊缓冲性能的影响,根据“嫦娥三号”的着陆工况设计了月面着陆气囊,并基于可压溃泡沫模型建立了考虑月壤特性的气囊缓冲动力学模型。对不同月壤下气囊的缓冲过程进行分析,发现月壤越软有效载荷冲击加速度越小,但气囊会陷入月壤中,不利于对外排气,影响其缓冲效果。因此,采用气囊峰值压力、有效载荷最大加速度和最大下落高度3个指标对气囊缓冲性能进行综合评价,定量研究了月壤参数的影响规律。结果表明:月壤密度、剪切模量及屈服参数a₀和a₁对缓冲性能的影响较大,且对前两个指标为正影响,对后一个指标为负影响。进一步研究发现,这4个月壤参数与3个缓冲性能指标之间〖BHDWG8,WK10YQ,DK1*2,WK1*2D〗〖XCZX.TIF;%129%129〗听语音 聊科研与作者互动 均为指数函数关系。     

空降车-气囊系统着地缓冲过程仿真分析

为了给空降车及其气囊的优化设计提供技术支持,采用有限元方法对空降车气囊缓冲过程进行仿真分析。计算了正常着地工况下的气囊缓冲过程,得到速度、加速度以及气囊内压等时间特性曲线。结果表明:空降车在该工况下着地速度小于3m/s,该气囊符合空降车着地的缓冲性能要求。车体加速度和冲击应力在误差许可范围内,验证了采用此种方法进行空降车气囊缓冲过程的虚拟测试是可行的。     

空降车着陆缓冲过程车体动态应力仿真研究

为了研究空降车着陆缓冲过程车体结构冲击响应,建立了车体有限元模型,运用显式有限元方法,结合实车空投试验的冲击加速度数据,以力的形式模拟车体着陆缓冲过程所受的冲击,仿真得到普通、恶劣和极限3种工况下着陆缓冲过程车体应力分布。结果表明:在3种着陆工况下,空降车左后立柱底端均为应力最大位置。研究结果可为空降车空投寿命预测及装备保障提供依据。     

一种适于片上路由器的自适应缓冲调整策略

在典型的片上网络路由节点中,来自不同方向的报文被存储在相互独立的缓冲资源中。在网络负载不均衡的情况下,某些方向的报文将很快填满该方向的缓冲,而其他方向仍可能有较多的缓冲资源处于空闲状态,这样就导致了网络中的缓冲资源利用率不高,进而影响片上网络的整体性能。提出了一种自适应的片上缓冲调整策略,能够根据网络负载情况动态调节缓冲结构,有效地提高了缓冲资源的利用率。在90nmCMOS工艺下设计实现了多端口共享缓冲资源的片上网络路由器,实验结果表明,在负载不均衡的网络中,提出的路由器能够带来性能改进及功耗降低;在达到相同性能的情况下,新路由器的面积较典型路由器减少了20.3%,而其缓冲功耗节约了41%左右。     

基于磁流变液的飞机起落架嵌入式缓冲控制器设计

基于飞机着陆和滑行过程中,飞机起落架中磁流变阻尼器的阻尼力的不可控的问题。提出基于磁流变液的飞机起落架嵌入式缓冲控制器设计方法,设计了针对控制磁流变阻尼器阻尼力的缓冲控制系统,主要包括嵌入式数字信号处理器DSP的选择,控制系统的原理设计,电源产生电路和复位电路模块,JTAG仿真电路模块,A/D采样校正模块,D/A转换模块,压控电流源驱动模块。通过电路模块的仿真,由控制系统中压控电流源出来的电流在阻尼器接受范围之内,证明了设计的磁流变缓冲控制器能对阻尼力的大小进行控制,对飞机起落架的缓冲系统起到调节作用。     

装甲装备器材缓冲包装CAD中数据的处理

在装甲装备器材包装设计中,缓冲设计是根据装甲装备的易损度、运输环境来设计防震缓冲垫结构的。在对单自由度线性或非线性民用物品包装的跌落缓冲垫设计时,工程上常采用缓冲系数-最大应力(Gm-δm)曲线和最大加速度-静应力(Gm-δm)曲线。我国于1990年3月开始贯彻的GB8166-87“缓冲包装设计方法”中建议优先选用第二种方法,理由是其更接近包装系统跌落时的缓冲情况。本文只讨论将动态压缩数据处理成最大加速度-静应力曲线过程。一、实验的数据处理最大加速度-静应力G-δm曲线是基于材料动态特性实验而绘制的。在实验过程中,把重锤的跌落高…     

13t级伸缩式缓冲牵引杆的设计与实现

13t级伸缩式缓冲牵引杆适应了部队在执行机动任务途中对故障车辆应急拖救的需要。通过对其研究背景和设计要求的分析,明确了其结构和功能的设计要点,完成了相关的校核计算,提出了其在武警部队的应用前景。     

弹载电子设备的缓冲包装设计及包装箱设计

弹载电子设备是指安装在导弹(包括空地弹、空空弹、地空弹等)上组合采用电气或电子元器件组成的电路的系统、分系统或组件。这些 系统、分系统或组件的主要用途是发射或接收 信息。单独订货的弹载电子设备一般归结为导 弹的备件订货,因此弹载电子设备的缓冲包装、贮运即为导弹备件的缓冲包装、贮运。所谓的包装技术是指为了提高产品在销售及贮运过程中 的效率,使产品免受各种外界环境条件的有害 影响,保证产品质量而为用户提供的针对产品 的技术统称。 一、防振缓冲包装概述 包装一般可分为个装、内装和外装 3 种。 个装是用包装材…     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.