烧结温度对 Cf/SiC 复合材料界面的影响

系统地研究了烧结温度对Cf/SiC复合材料界面和力学性能的影响.结果表明,烧结温度较低(1700℃)时,由于复合材料的烧结性差,纤维与基体间仅仅为一种机械结合,因此纤维与基体间结合很弱,从而导致复合材料力学性能低.烧结温度提高至1800℃后,由于适量的富碳界面相不仅可避免纤维与基体间的直接结合,而且使纤维与基体间的结合强度适中,因而复合材料具有很好的力学性能.进一步提高烧结温度至1850℃或更高温度时,由于界面相与纤维间的反应加重,纤维本身性能大大降低.同时,纤维与基体间结合强度提高,因此复合材料的力学性能大大降低.     

损伤铝合金表面超声焊接界面断口分析与结合机理

采用超声焊接铝合金箔材的工艺修复处理表面腐蚀受损的2A12CZ基体,并利用Quanta200型环境扫描电子显微镜分析了截面形貌及箔材与基体之间界面表面断口的微观形貌。结果表明：从截面来看,箔材与基体之间大部分发生了焊合,界面分界线大部分消失;从机械脱开的界面断口来看,其表面微观形貌表现为鳞片状及韧窝状的典型金属型断口形貌。这说明在给定条件下,焊接部位大部分呈冶金结合。最后对铝台金箔材与铝合金基体之间超声焊接机理进行了探讨。     

烧结助剂对碳纳米管增强氮化铝陶瓷结构与性能的影响

采用热压烧结工艺制备了碳纳米管增强氮化铝陶瓷,研究了烧结助剂种类、含量对碳纳米管增强氮化铝陶瓷性能及结构的影响.利用XRD、SEM和TEM等分析测试手段对其相组成,断口形貌和微观结构进行了分析.结果表明,烧结助剂Y2O3+CaF2较YE3+CaF2更能促进碳纳米管增强氮化铝陶瓷致密化,但随烧结助剂Y2O3+CaF2含量的增加,碳纳米管增强氮化铝陶瓷致密度提高,而力学、导热性能下降.     

烧结工艺对Ag/AgCl电极电位稳定性的影响

分别采用3种温度(380℃、420℃和450℃)、2种升温方式(直接升温和阶段性保温升温)制备电极,并通过对电极表面微观形貌和金相结构的观察以及电极电位的检测分析方法,比较了不同烧结工艺的电极性能.实验结果表明:烧结后的电极体积略微膨胀,采用380℃阶段性保温升温方式烧结的电极具有更好的表面均匀性以及电位稳定性.     

关于S147 铝合金形变时效强化研究

本文研究了S147铝合金板材在形变时效处理各工艺阶段中的组织与性能。用扫描电镜观察分析了材料的断口形貌,并用薄膜试样在透射电镜下分析研究了该合金形变时效处理后的微观亚结构及过渡相析出物特征。结果表明,最佳形变时效处理可显著提高S147铝合金的强度及塑韧性,并能改善其过渡相析出过程及特征。     

钛合金靶板抗105mm穿甲模拟弹倾角效应数值计算

运用AUTODYN非线性显式动力学程序,对半无限厚钛合金靶板抗105mm钨合金穿甲模拟弹的倾角效应进行了数值模拟计算。结果表明：本数值模拟条件下,倾角小于30°时,半无限厚钛合金靶板抗105mm钨合金穿甲模拟弹的倾角效应不明显;倾角在中大角度（≥30°）时,呈较明显的倾角正效应;105mm钨合金穿甲模拟弹侵彻半无限厚钛合金靶板的跳弹角β在65°～70°间。     

B4C基3DMC防护材料研制

在分析B4C和Al力学特性的基础上,提出三维微观结构复合概念.根据结构决定性能的原则设计材料结构,确定工艺,通过烧结试验优化工艺参数,获得兼有B4C和Al合金特性的B4C基3DMC材料.     

高速电弧喷涂耐磨涂层性能研究

将低碳马氏体和3Cr13+AlRE伪合金高速电弧喷涂层进行了性能和组织结构的对比分析。实验结果表明,与伪合金涂层相比,低碳马氏体涂层呈现出更优异的力学性能、耐磨性能和机械加工性能。该涂层可用于发动机曲轴等零件的再制造。     

超声深滚对高强铝合金超声波焊缝组织与性能的影响

采用超声深滚工艺处理了2A12铝合金、2A11铝合金的超声波焊缝,通过扫描电镜和透射电镜观察、纳米硬度测试、残余应力测试、有限元应力分析和拉伸试验等方法,研究了焊缝处理前后的组织结构和力学性能.结果表明:超声深滚处理可以去除焊缝表面的超声波焊接压痕,降低焊缝表面的应力集中.超声深滚处理后,结合界面的焊接残余应力由处理前焊接状态的56 MPa转变为处理后的-44 MPa.此外,超声深滚处理产生的塑性变形使结合界面发生进一步的动态回复,形成较为均匀的层状亚晶组织.超声深滚处理后,超声波焊缝的平均结合拉伸力提高了约36％.     

铝合金-纯铝-钢复合板爆炸焊接试验及性能研究

通过设计爆炸焊接试验复合了铝合金-纯铝-钢爆炸复合板,对其界面形态、显微硬度及力学性能进行了研究。结果表明,铝合金-纯铝界面纯规则正弦波形,纯铝-钢复合板界面波形较小,铝合金-纯铝-钢复合板的界面剪切强度在75 MPa以上,爆炸复合过程中,纯铝与钢界面生成了金属间化合物,其界面处基体金属发生强烈的塑性变形。复合板变形及组织变化的结果造成复合板界面处的显微硬度最高,随着距界面距离的增加,两侧基体金属的硬度逐渐降低。     

Damage of multi-layer spaced metallic target plates impacted by radial layered PELE

Three different kinds of PELE (the penetrator with lateral efficiency) were launched by ballistic artillery to impact the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. The impact velocities of the projectiles were measured by the velocity measuring system. The damage degree and process of each layer of target plate impacted by the three kinds of projectiles were analyzed. The experimental results show that all the three kinds of projectiles have the effect of expanding holes on the multi-layer spaced metal target plates. For the normal structure PELE(without layered) with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE with tungsten alloy jacket, the diameters of holes on the second layer of plates are 3.36 times and 3.76 times of the diameter of the projectile, respectively. For radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket, due to the large number of tungsten wires dispersed after the impact, the diameter of the holes on the four-layer spaced plates can reach 2.4 times, 3.04 times, 5.36 times and 2.68 times of the diameter of the projectile. Besides, the normal structure PELE with tungsten alloy jacket and the radial layered PELE whit tungsten alloy jacket formed a large number of fragments impact marks on the third target plate. Although the number of fragments penetrating the third target plate is not as large as that of the normal structure PELE, the area of dispersion of fragments impact craters on the third target plate is larger by the radial layered PELE. The radial layered PELE with W/Zr-based amorphous composite jacket released a lot of heat energy due to the impact of the matrix material, and formed a large area of ablation marks on the last three target plates.     

Numerical simulation study on penetration performance of depleted Uranium (DU) alloy fragments

Due to its high strength, high density, high hardness and good penetration capabilities, Depleted ura-nium alloys have already shined in armor-piercing projectiles. There should also be a lot of room for improvement in the application of fragment killing elements. Therefore, regarding the performance of the depleted uranium alloy to penetrate the target plate, further investigation is needed to analyze its advantages and disadvantages compared to tungsten alloy. To study the difference in penetration per-formance between depleted uranium alloy and tungsten alloy fragments,firstly, a theoretical analysis of the adiabatic shear sensitivity of DU and tungsten alloys was given from the perspective of material constitutive model. Then, taking the cylindrical fragment penetration target as the research object, the penetration process and velocity characteristics of the steel target plates penetrated by DU alloy frag-ment and tungsten alloy fragment were compared and analyzed, by using finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA and Lagrange algorithm. Lastly, the influence of different postures when impacting target and different fragment shapes on the penetration results is carried out in the research. The results show that in the penetration process of the DU and tungsten alloy fragments, the self-sharpening properties of the DU alloy can make the fragment head sharper and the penetrating ability enhance. Under the same conditions, the penetration capability of cylindrical fragment impacting target in vertical posture is better than that in horizontal posture, and the penetration capability of the spherical fragment is slightly better than that of cylindrical fragment.     

镍对重力分离SHS陶瓷内衬复合管的影响

采用SHS重力分离技术制备陶瓷内衬复合管,通过改变主燃烧配系组元Ni的含量,研究分析了金属Ni对陶瓷内衬复合管制备的燃烧特性及机械性能的影响。研究发现,适量的Ni粉能促进SHS燃烧进行,提高燃烧体系的绝热燃烧温度和陶瓷层的致密度,并且有助于形成金属/陶瓷界面过渡层,这极大提高了复合管的显微硬度和抗压剪强度。当Ni粉含量为19wt％时,陶瓷层的显微硬度和抗压剪强度分别最高达1764N/mm2和36.1MPa。     

Comparative study on transverse shrinkage,mechanical and metallurgical properties of AA2219 aluminium weld joints prepared by gas tungsten arc and gas metal arc welding processes

Aluminium alloy AA2219 is a high strength alloy belonging to 2000 series. It has been widely used for aerospace applications, especially for construction of cryogenic fuel tank. However, arc welding of AA2219 material is very critical. The major problems that arise in arc welding of AA2219 are the adverse development of residual stresses and the re-distribution as well as dissolution of copper rich phase in the weld joint.These effects increase with increase in heat input. Thus, special attention was taken to especially thick section welding of AA2219-T87 aluminium alloy. Hence, the present work describes the 25 mm-thick AA2219-T87 aluminium alloy plate butt welded by GTAW and GMAW processes using multi-pass welding procedure in double V groove design. The transverse shrinkage, conventional mechanical and metallurgical properties of both the locations on weld joints were studied. It is observed that the fair copper rich cellular(CRC) network is on Side-A of both the weldments. Further, it is noticed that, the severity of weld thermal cycle near to the fusion line of HAZ is reduced due to low heat input in GTAW process which results in non dissolution of copper rich phase. Based on the mechanical and metallurgical properties it is inferred that GTAW process is used to improve the aforementioned characteristics of weld joints in comparison to GMAW process.     

Microstructure,mechanical and corrosion behavior of high strength AA7075aluminium alloy friction stir welds-Effect of post weld heat treatment

High strength aluminium alloy AA7075(Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is a precipitate hardenable alloy widely used in the aerospace,defense,marine and automobile industries.Use of the heat treatable aluminium alloys in all these sectors is ever-increasing owing to their excellent strength-toweight ratio and reasonably good corrosion resistance.The shortage in corrosion resistance,however,usually poses negative concern about their reliability and lifetime when they service in the variable marine environments.These alloys also exhibit low weldability due to poor solidification microstructure,porosity in fusion zone and lose their mechanical properties when they are welded by fusion welding techniques.Friction stir welding(FSW) is a reliable technique to retain the properties of the alloy as the joining takes place in the solid state.The welds are susceptible to corrosion due to the microstructural changes in the weld nugget during FSW.In this work,the effect of post weld treatments,viz.,peak aging(T6) and retrogression reaging(RRA),on the microstructure,mechanical properties and pitting corrosion has been studied.Friction stir welding of 8 mm-thick AA7075 alloy was carried out.The microstructural changes of base metal and nugget zone of friction stir welds were studied using optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.Tensile and hardness test of base metal and welds has been carried out.Pitting corrosion resistance was determined through dynamic polarization test.It was observed that the hardness and strength of weld were observed to be comparatively high in peak aged(T6) condition but the welds showed poor corrosion resistance.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved and the mechanical properties were maintained by RRA treatment.The resistance to pitting corrosion was improved in RRA condition with the minimum loss of weld strength.     

Investigation on the process parameters of TIG-welded aluminum alloy through mechanical and microstructural characterization

Multi-pass TIG welding was conducted on plates (15×300×180 mm3) of aluminum alloy Al-5083 that usually serves as the component material in structural applications such as cryogenics and chemical processing industries. Porosity formation and solidification cracking are the most common defects when TIG welding Al-5083 alloy, which is sensitive to the welding heat input. In the experiment, the heat input was varied from 0.89 kJ/mm to 5 kJ/mm designed by the combination of welding torch travel speed and welding current. Tensile, micro-Vicker hardness and Charpy impact tests were executed to witness the impetus response of heat input on the mechanical properties of the joints. Radiographic inspection was performed to assess the joint's quality and welding defects. The results show that all the specimens displayed inferior mechanical properties as compared to the base alloy. It was established that porosity was progressively abridged by the increase of heat input. The results also clinched that the use of me-dium heat input (1-2 kJ/mm) offered the best mechanical properties by eradicating welding defects, in which only about 18.26% of strength was lost. The yield strength of all the welded specimens remained unaffected indicated no influence of heat input. Partially melted zone (PMZ) width also affected by heat input, which became widened with the increase of heat input. The grain size of PMZ was found to be coarser than the respective grain size in the fusion zone. Charpy impact testing revealed that the absorbed energy by low heat input specimen (welded at high speed) was greater than that of high heat input (welded at low speed) because of low porosity and the formation of equiaxed grains which induce better impact toughness. Cryogenic (-196 C) impact testing was also performed and the results corroborate that impact properties under the cryogenic environment revealed no appreciable change after welding at designated heat input. Finally, Macro and micro fractured surfaces of tensile and impact specimens were analyzed using Stereo and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), which have supported the experimental findings.     

2A12铝合金焊接接头超声冲击处理前后拉伸性能分析

为克服铝合金薄板焊接接头强度偏低、韧性不足的缺点,用ER5356焊丝对不同厚度的2A12铝合金板材进行了手工氩弧焊接,并采用超声冲击处理对焊接接头进行全覆盖强化处理。采用金相显微镜观察了处理和未处理焊接接头的显微组织结构,对接头的力学性能进行了测试分析,分析了超声冲击处理改善2A12铝合金焊接接头力学性能的机理。结果表明：铝合金焊接接头经超声冲击强化处理后,6 mm和4 mm厚板材对接接头的抗拉强度分别提高了17.4%和23.7%,延伸率分别提高了28%和44%,焊缝表层组织得到明显细化。分析认为：晶粒大幅细化、组织致密化和缺陷减少,是超声冲击处理改善铝合金焊接接头抗拉伸性能的主要原因。     

ITO及WO3在电解液中的交流阻抗特性

采用表面过程法拉第阻纳表达式方法与等效电路方法,研究透明ITO平面电极及带WO3薄膜层的ITO平面电极处于1 mol LiClO4丙烯碳酸酯电解液中的电化学阻抗谱.分析显示WO3薄膜层有效地阻止了表面吸附参量对ITO电极反应的影响,使电极反应仅受电极电位的影响,并且随WO3薄膜在电解液中浸泡时间的增加,WO3薄膜的常相位角元件的特性最终回归为电容效应.     

Microstructure and pitting corrosion of armor grade AA7075 aluminum alloy friction stir weld nugget zone-Effect of post weld heat treatment and addition of boron carbide

Friction stir welding(FSW) of high strength aluminum alloys has been emerged as an alternative joining technique to avoid the problems during fusion welding.In recent times FSW is being used for armor grade AA7075 aluminum alloy in defense,aerospace and marine applications where it has to serve in non uniform loading and corrosive environments.Even though friction stir welds of AA7075 alloy possess better mechanical properties but suffer from poor corrosion resistance.The present work involves use of retrogression and reaging(RRA) post weld heat treatment to improve the corrosion resistance of welded joints of aluminum alloys.An attempt also has been made to change the chemical composition of the weld nugget by adding B4C nano particles with the aid of the FSW on a specially prepared base metal plate in butt position.The effects of peak aged condition(T6),RRA and addition of B4C nano particles on microstructure,hardness and pitting corrosion of nugget zone of the friction stir welds of AA7075 alloy have been studied.Even though RRA improved the pitting corrosion resistance,its hardness was slightly lost.Significant improvement in pitting corrosion resistance was achieved with addition of boron carbide powder and post weld heat treatment of RRA.