轮状病毒荧光定量PCR标准品的构建

采用MA104细胞系培养和T载体克隆技术,在轮状病毒结构蛋白VP4基因序列中设计合成引物,经过PCR扩增后将特异性产物与pMD-19-T载体连接,对获得的轮状病毒重组质粒标准品进行酶切鉴定和测序分析。利用常规PCR和荧光定量PCR方法对获得的重组质粒标准品进行特异性和灵敏度指标的检验。结果表明,将构建的重组质粒作为标准品制备标准曲线具有较高的扩增效率和良好的线性关系(斜率为-4.015,R2=0.991);荧光定量PCR熔解曲线分析表明,85.8℃的PCR产物是轮状病毒VP4基因序列的特异性产物,该标准品具有轮状病毒特异性;同时,所制备的重组质粒标准品在荧光定量PCR检测中具有较大的线性范围(5×101~5×1010拷贝/μL),每个梯度PCR反应最低可以检测到50拷贝的重组质粒,因而采用该标准品进行荧光定量PCR分析具有较高的检测灵敏度;此外,该重组质粒标准品具有较高的稳定性和重复性,3次独立实验的变异因数Cv<1.5%。构建的重组质粒标准品可以用做环境水体中轮状病毒的荧光定量PCR标准品。     

浅述SARS病毒检测技术

评述了可用于SARS病毒检测的主要技术方法，包括免疫分析、PCR技术和生物传感器等．     

斑点免疫金染色检测金葡菌肠毒素B封闭条件的研究

金联免疫检测是在快速ELISA检测方法基础上发展起来的更快捷、更灵敏的检测方法,包括斑点免疫金染色、斑点免疫金渗滤、金联免疫层析纸条等。在金联免疫实验的各步骤中,膜片的封闭是实验的关键,如果封闭不佳,会出现非特异性吸附,使阴性样本出现假阳性而影响结果的判断．为了选择最佳封闭条件,我们比较研究了去脂牛奶、牛血白蛋白、酪蛋白、人血清和明胶封闭对金联免疫显色结果的影响。     

一种高灵敏度标记免疫分析法—免疫PCR

免疫－ＰＣＲ是１９９２年建立的抗原检测系统。它将抗原抗体反应特异性与ＰＣＲ强大的扩增能力结合起来,因而大大提高了灵敏度,具有广泛的应用和发展前景。综述了该系统的原理、方法、应用前景等。     

电位差计灵敏度最大值条件

本文通过对线式电位差计灵敏度的研究,归纳出了电位差计的灵敏度与各参数的关系,并得出灵敏度最大值条件.     

实现任意全极点有界实函数的低灵敏度SCF的状态空间法

1 引言 Leapfrog sCF具有低灵敏度特性。但在低通情况下,由于开关电容模拟输人电阻的近似性,使得Lcapfrog scF的灵敏度特性变差二。文献[2贻出了设计低灵敏度scF的状态空间法,描述了满足低灵敏度和零灵敏度的矩阵条件,·但未给出寻求满足一定条件的变换矩阵的系统方法。本文在文献口汹基础上,导出了具     

隔振系统的灵敏度分析

灵敏度分析是一种评价因设计变量或参数的改变而引起目标函数特性敏感程度的方法。通过对隔振系统的各个参数进行灵敏度分析,确定调整何种设计参数最为有效,从而合理地选择设计参数,可以大大简化隔振系统的优化设计过程。文中对各种灵敏度分析方法进行了分析比较,并应用Sobol′法和FAST法这两种全局灵敏度分析方法对双层隔振系统进行了灵敏度分析,其分析结果对于隔振系统的优化设计有重要的意义。     

某车载火炮发射动力学参数灵敏度分析及优化

为了对某型车载火炮射击稳定性进行优化,并解决目前车载火炮发射动力学优化中存在的参数分析不全面、关键参数选取凭经验等问题。建立了某型车载火炮发射过程的参数化动力学建模。对较为全面的参数进行了灵敏度分析,对参数灵敏度的变化规律进行了讨论。选取关键参数,用试验设计的方法进行了优化。灵敏度分析得到了28个参数的灵敏度。经过比较认为后坐体质量、驻锄液压缸等效刚度等5个参数为该型车载火炮的关键参数。总结了参数灵敏度随设计值的变化规律。认为某些参数的灵敏度会随着设计值变化而产生较大变化,对关键参数的选取不应仅凭经验。优化结果使得火炮垂直方向最大跳角降低了10.47%,效果明显。     

考虑载荷作用次数的多失效模式扭力轴灵敏度分析

机械构件的不同的失效模式之间具有一定的相关性,而且随机载荷作用次数对机械构件的可靠性有一定程度的影响。因此对机械构件进行可靠性灵敏度分析时,需要充分考虑其不同失效模式和载荷作用次数的影响。通过运用顺序统计量理论考虑载荷多次作用以及多种失效模式条件下机械构件可靠性及可靠性灵敏度的变化规律,运用随机摄动理论和四阶矩技术,建立一种考虑载荷作用次数的多失效模式机械构件可靠性灵敏度分析数值方法的应力强度干涉模型。在随机变量前四阶矩已知的情况下,结合灵敏度分析的梯度算法,推导出关于随机变量均值和方差的灵敏度计算公式。以某履带车辆底盘扭力轴为例进行计算,得到其可靠度随载荷作用次数、随机变量均值和方差而改变的可靠性灵敏度变化曲线,为扭力轴的可靠性优化提供一定的理论依据。研究成果可以推广到相关机械可靠性灵敏度设计和结构优化领域,具有非常重要的实用意义。     

飞行器MDO中灵敏度计算的自动微分方法

自动微分方法(ADM)是灵敏度计算的一种新方法,是处理飞行器多学科设计优化中灵敏度分析问题的有力工具。将ADM与估算灵敏度最常用的有限差分方法(FDM)以及与ADM同时期发展起来的另外一种灵敏度计算方法—复变量方法(CVM),从原理上进行了比较,研究了ADM前向模式在Visual C 6.0环境中的实现方法,结合多学科环境中的飞行器设计优化计算实例分析了该模式的优缺点。ADM在科学计算、工程计算等方面有很大的发展空间。     

基于改进March SS算法的存储器测试技术研究

摘要：针对存储器的特点,介绍了存储器简化的功能故障模型．基于一种既可以测试静态简化故障又可以测试动态简化故障的MarchSS算法,提出了一种改进的存储器测试算法MarchSSI算法．该算法不仅能测出MarchSS算法测试的所有功能故障,而且能够覆盖MarchSS算法遗漏的故障,使算法故障覆盖率有了一定的提高．通过仿真,验证了算法的可行性．     

Maintenance policies when failure distribution of equipment is only partially known

An optimal schedule for checking an equipment subject to failure which can be detected by inspection only, is derived. Increasing failure rate and one percentile specify the otherwise unknown life distribution. Dynamic programming methodology yields the solution which minimizes the maximum expected cost. Numerical examples are presented and compared with models employing differing amounts of knowledge.     

“尼罗河魔鬼”长背鳍波动包络线的提取算法

"尼罗河魔鬼"采用长背鳍波动推进方式,属于典型的奇鳍/对鳍推进鱼类.在已有的理论模型中,细长体理论(Elongated-body theory)较为适合于分析该类游动方式的推进性能.长背鳍的波动包络线方程是细长体理论的必要参数.拍摄实验样本(MPC-I)的自由游动视频,从中选取多组平稳运动图像序列,经旋转校正、零点配准、尺度归一、小波去噪等预处理后,提取了柔性长背鳍波动推进时的顶端边缘轮廓样本曲线簇,进而给出了波动包络曲线的多项式拟合方程.实验结果表明长背鳍波动包络线提取算法是有效的,根据算法所提取的长背鳍波动包络线方程为后续的推进力及推进效率的分析奠定了基础.     

快速传递对准的抗野值方法研究

快速传递对准对滤波精度与收敛速度有着严格的要求,而测量野点的存在会严重破坏传递对准的精度。提出了一种新的抗野值滤波方法,在线取测量信号的一个小区间,采用正向对称延拓的方法构成新序列并对其进行小波阈值去噪,检测出野点,用前几个周期的信号构造新的测量值进行Kalman滤波,有效地剔除了野点的影响,滤波系统保持了很好的精度,满足了传递对准的要求。     

Inspection policies for deteriorating equipment characterized by n quality levels

Inspection models deal with operating systems whose stochastic failure is detected by observations carried out intermittently. The current communication deals with systems in which N + 1 levels of quality can be diagnosed. Optimal policies leading to minimal loss are developed, while the system's distribution is represented by an (N + 1)-state semi-markov process. Based on previous studies of the authors, relative efficiencies of the proposed checking policies are ascertained, by comparison with the loss sustained if discrimination of quality by intermediate levels is disregarded and by viewing the system as one which is either good or failed. Various models are treated where checking, truncated checking, and monitoring policies optimize loss per cycle, per unit of time and per unit of good time. Numerical examples are given.     

The 22 September 1979 Vela Incident: Radionuclide and Hydroacoustic Evidence for a Nuclear Explosion

This article offers a new analysis of radionuclide and hydroacoustic data to support a low-yield nuclear weapon test as a plausible explanation for the still contentious 22 September 1979 Vela Incident, in which U.S. satellite Vela 6911 detected an optical signal characteristic of an atmospheric nuclear explosion over the Southern Indian or Atlantic Ocean. Based on documents not previously widely available, as well as recently declassified papers and letters, this article concludes that iodine-131 found in the thyroids of some Australian sheep would be consistent with them having grazed in the path of a potential radioactive fallout plume from a 22 September low-yield nuclear test in the Southern Indian Ocean. Further, several declassified letters and reports which describe aspects of still classified hydroacoustic reports and data favor the test scenario. The radionuclide and hydroacoustic data taken together with the analysis of the double-flash optical signal picked up by Vela 6911 that was described in a companion 2017 article (“The 22 September 1979 Vela Incident: The Detected Double-Flash”) can be traced back to sources with similar spatial and temporal origins and serve as a strong indicator for a nuclear explosion being responsible for the 22 September 1979 Vela Incident.     

基于目标特征的光学遥感图像舰船检测方法

针对在大场景、高分辨率的光学遥感图像舰船目标检测中,传统的阈值检测方法效果不佳,而恒虚警法计算量大的缺点,研究一种根据检测舰船目标的特征,对每个可能的目标区域,快速计算检测阈值的方法。同时,研究基于RNN网络及信噪比的特征选择方法,对目标的特征进行优选并对候选目标进行鉴别。实验结果表明,采用本文方法进行舰船目标检测能获得较好的检测结果.     

基于复杂背景的图像分割算法

针对圆柱形钢棒在线计数特定的复杂背景提出了基于双阈值结合数学形态学运算的分割算法。首先分别根据2个阈值进行分割得到2幅二值图像,然后根据目标是圆形以及其大致位置等先验知识分别对2幅图进行腐蚀,开启,闭合等数学形态学运算,最后将高阈值分割得到的图像中的边界信息叠加到低阈值分割得到的图像中。实验结果表明,本方法作为本系统的图像预处理是有效的。     

水平导向钻随钻地下管线探测预警系统研究

水平导向钻是当前进行非开挖市政建设施工的主流设备,为确保其施工安全,通常采用工作于地面的地下管线探测设备来掌握施工路线附近现有管线的分布状况。但由于探测原理的限制,一直存在探测盲区。本文提出一种新的解决方案,通过引进超声探测技术,将探测系统小型化并置于钻头上,形成随钻地下管线探测预警系统,实现随钻随测,当施工路线附近存在障碍管线时,向钻机操作人员实时告警。试验证明,本文提出的方案是可行有效的。     

The 22 September 1979 Vela Incident: The Detected Double-Flash

On 22 September 1979 two optical sensors on U.S. satellite Vela 6911 detected a double-flash of light that appeared characteristic of an atmospheric nuclear explosion conducted over the southern Atlantic or Indian Ocean. It became known as the Vela Incident, Event 747, or Alert 747. An anomaly between the amplitude of the two signals during the second pulse led a U.S. government expert panel established to assess the event to conclude in mid-1980 that a more likely explanation was the impact of a small meteoroid on the satellite, the debris from which reflected sunlight into the sensors' field of view. No model was presented to support the contention, and a similar anomaly—known as background modulation—was a given for the second pulse of all confirmed explosions detected by Vela, though beginning later. Nonetheless, this event has remained the subject of intense debate. This article reviews the evidence and presents an updated analysis of the original Vela signal based on recently declassified literature and on modern knowledge of interplanetary dust and hyper velocity impact. Given the geometry of the satellite, and that the bulk of the surface comprised solar panels, much of the debris from any collision would be carried away from the sensors' field of view. Thus, a meteoroid collision appears much less likely than previously assumed. The double flash is instead consistent with a nuclear explosion, albeit detected by an aged satellite for which background modulation was abnormal and/or commenced earlier, also seen in post-event SYSTEM tests. A companion paper to be published in 2018 presents radionuclide and hydroacoustic evidence supporting the conclusion that the Vela Incident was a nuclear weapon test explosion.