用于超宽带引信目标回波模拟的窄脉冲电路设计

超宽带引信目标回波模拟器是对超宽带引信进行成批、快速测试的有效手段,而超宽带窄脉冲产生电路的设计是其关键技术之一。目前的窄脉冲产生电路多是针对高斯脉冲或者双极高斯脉冲所设计,不能直接用于回波模拟器窄脉冲的产生。在球形目标回波假设的前提下,提出了一种使用阶跃恢复二极管(SRD)和超宽带滤波器联合设计产生二阶高斯脉冲信号对引信回波进行模拟的方法。通过仿真确定了SRD电路参数、超宽带滤波器的性能指标及其尺寸,根据仿真结果实现了窄脉冲产生电路。测量结果表明,所产生的窄脉冲信号波形与理论波形基本一致。     

基于正弦高斯组合的UWB脉冲波形设计

针对美国FCC关于超宽带传输系统提出的辐射掩蔽特性,提出了一种基于正弦高斯组合的UWB脉冲波形设计新方案。以一组正弦高斯脉冲为基函数,利用最小均方误差准则(LSE)选取加权系数对基函数进行线性组合,通过调整基函数的载波频率和脉冲形成因子,对波形进一步优化。分析了TH-PPM UWB多用户系统的误码率性能。仿真结果表明,与高斯二阶微分脉冲、随机系数组合脉冲相比,基于正弦高斯组合脉冲具有更高的频谱利用率,误码性能更优。     

正弦高斯组合的UWB脉冲波形设计

针对美国FCC关于超宽带传输系统提出的辐射掩蔽特性,提出了一种基于正弦高斯组合的UWB脉冲波形设计新方案。以一组正弦高斯脉冲为基函数,利用最小均方误差准则(LSE)选取加权系数对基函数进行线性组合,通过调整基函数的载波频率和脉冲形成因子,对波形进一步优化。分析了TH-PPM UWB多用户系统的误码率性能。仿真结果表明,与高斯二阶微分脉冲、随机系数组合脉冲相比,基于正弦高斯组合脉冲具有更高的频谱利用率,误码性能更优。     

一种频率-相位混合编码的MIMO雷达波形设计

针对MIMO雷达中常规单载频子脉冲相位编码信号的频带较窄、距离分辨率不高,以及线性调频-相位编码信号模糊函数有“栅瓣”的问题,提出了一种基于置换矩阵时频分布的线性调频-相位编码（perm-LFM-PC,PLP）混合波形的正交波形集设计方法。由于置换矩阵时频分布调制方法引入置换序列调频编码,使得PLP波形的峰值旁瓣（ASP）和互相关峰值（CP）有所升高。为此,以ASP和CP的总和为代价函数,建立PLP波形集优化模型,并提出一种多种群优化遗传算法(MSO-GA),对调频编码序列和相位编码序列进行联合优化。仿真结果表明,PLP波形具有易于实现宽频带的优点和图钉状模糊函数,经过算法优化后的PLP波形集的ASP和CP较低,适用于MIMO雷达系统。     

混沌序列的MIMO雷达正交波形集设计

波形分集是多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的主要特征之一,设计性能良好正交波形集是实现MIMO雷达的关键技术。介绍了噪声MIMO雷达的基本原理,分析了利用混沌序列设计正交波形的可行性,提出了基于混沌序列的MIMO雷达正交波形集设计方法,给出了基于两种典型混沌序列设计二相编码正交波形的设计结果,分析了波形集相关性能,计算机仿真表明,该方法在算法效率和波形多样性方面优于传统的遗传算法。     

一种模拟退火伪并行遗传算法

借鉴模拟退火算法的局部搜索能力,结合并行计算的思想设计了一种采用模拟退火机制的实数编码自适应交叉、全概率变异伪并行遗传算法,最后用这种方法对典型的多峰值函数求极值,并和基本遗传算法进行比较,结果表明:该算法具有较强的全局搜索能力和局部搜索能力,能够更有效地克服早熟收敛问题。     

基于高速数字逻辑器件的超宽带脉冲设计和应用

在对现有几种典型的超宽带脉冲产生方法分析的基础上, 采用组合高速数字逻辑器件实现了一种简单的产生超宽带纳秒级窄脉冲的电路,并对产生的窄脉冲进行时域叠加合成高阶波形.实验电路测试结果与理论分析和仿真吻合良好.实验表明,该窄脉冲产生电路能得到重复频率100 MHz、幅度达446 mV的窄脉冲.最后,结合UWB调制技术对该发射机的信息传输速率进行了分析.     

一种基于随机波形分段相位编码调制的反侦察技术

为了提高雷达的隐蔽性能,降低被截获的概率,通常有很多种手段。在波形设计上,常见的是采用低截获概率(LPI)雷达信号,但常规的LPI信号仍然是有规律的信号,提出了一种基于随机波形分段相位编码调制的技术,使得脉冲的波形具有噪声特征,有较强的伪装效果,从而大大降低截获概率,仿真表明,这种设计技术具有良好的性能。     

基于改进后的实数编码遗传算法无源测向定位

针对传统遗传算法的无源测向定位容易出现"早熟"现象,提出基于实数编码遗传算法,改进了遗传算子,并且通过仿真实验,采用测向交叉定位对辐射源进行定位,实验表明,该算法既保留了种群的优秀基因,又保持了种群的多样性,有效提高了定位的精度。     

图形模型在航迹规划中的应用

对几种图形模型航迹规划的基本原理和方法进行了介绍,并进行了仿真验证。针对图形模型航迹规划中可行点选取的随意性,提出利用遗传算法寻找初始可飞区域内的可行点,将可行点连接起来就组成了初始可行航迹,此时便可用dijkstra算法进行航迹规划。由于标准传统遗传算法航迹规划的不足,提出运用实数编码的贝叶斯优化算法进行航迹规划,通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.