试件水灰比和胶砂比对混凝土硫酸盐侵蚀速度影响

通过大量试验,采用强度指标研究了试件水灰比和胶砂比对硫酸盐侵蚀速度的影响.结果表明:试件的水灰比越大,胶砂比越小,侵蚀速度越快;为了加快硫酸盐侵蚀速度,宜采用大水灰比、小胶砂比的试件.在各种条件下,硫酸钠侵蚀破坏的速度比硫酸镁侵蚀快.对硫酸钠型侵蚀,采用抗折抗蚀系数作为判定指标较为合理,而对硫酸镁型侵蚀,应该综合考虑抗折抗蚀系数和抗压抗蚀系数.     

HG-Q-K抗腐蚀气密混凝土泵送剂的研制

根据严酷条件下地下建筑工程对混凝土防瓦斯等害气体渗漏、抗地下水侵蚀的要求，研究开发了HG-Q-K抗腐蚀气密混凝土泵送剂。为研究HG-Q-K抗腐蚀气密混凝土泵送剂对混凝土长期耐久性的作用，提出了不同于美国标准ASTMC452和C1012，而是基于我国标准GB749-65和GB2420-81加以改进的新的试验方法，分别在硫酸与硫酸盐溶液中进行了2年龄期的砂浆棒浸泡试验。结果表明HG-Q-K抗腐蚀气密混凝土泵送剂赋予混凝土优异的气密性与抗地下水侵蚀性。普通水泥掺适量HG-Q-K抗腐蚀气密混凝土泵送剂完全可以代替抗硫酸盐水泥     

添加剂CCCW作用下硫铝酸盐水泥固化土耐MgSO_4侵蚀性能及早期强度模型

针对目前水泥固化土耐硫酸镁侵蚀性能研究多基于硅酸盐水泥的现状,以硫铝酸盐水泥固化土为对象,采用外蚀(成型后浸泡)和内蚀(制作时内掺)2种方式制作了试件,探讨了硫铝酸盐水泥固化土在硫酸镁溶液侵蚀下的早期强度发展规律。通过等量替换的方式,研究了水泥基渗透结晶型防水材料(CCCW)占用土质量4%时,其对硫铝酸盐水泥固化土耐硫酸镁侵蚀性能的影响。基于水泥固化土稳固系数理论,分别提出了硫酸镁溶液在2种侵蚀方式下的硫铝酸盐水泥固化土早期强度JM和NM模型,并对模型进行了检验。结果表明:硫铝酸盐水泥固化土在硫酸镁溶液侵蚀下,早期强度呈先上升后下降的趋势,浸泡1~3 d时强度增大较快,在7 d时达到最大,14 d时有较大下降;侵蚀方式对硫铝酸盐水泥固化土早期强度有较大影响,内蚀方式下强度一直呈上升趋势,且较外蚀方式高1~2 MPa;等量替换方式下,CCCW会降低硫铝酸盐水泥固化土强度,但提高了其耐硫酸镁侵蚀性能,MgSO_4溶液质量浓度为1.5~18.0 g/L时,2种侵蚀方式下14 d强度一直呈上升趋势;基于水泥固化土稳固系数的硫铝酸盐水泥固化土早期强度JM和NM模型具有一定的可行性,14 d时间内强度预测值与实测值误差最高分别为7.31%和5.07%。     

石墨烯作为水基半合成切削液添加剂的硬质合金-钢材料摩擦学特性分析

改善加工过程润滑条件是延缓刀具磨损的重要途径。将石墨烯作为3034水基半合成切削液的添加剂,研究石墨烯悬浮切削液的硬质合金-钢材料摩擦学性能,研究对象是由硬质合金YG8制备的金属球和由45#钢制备的圆盘形试件;采用球-盘摩擦副接触方式在摩擦磨损试验机上进行试验,测定了质量分数为0. 1%~0. 9%的石墨烯悬浮切削液的平均摩擦特性和摩擦系数;采用激光共聚焦显微镜对磨痕轮廓进行提取,并得出磨损定量评价指数,并用扫描电镜和拉曼光谱仪对磨痕进行磨损机理分析;进行切削实验来分析石墨烯悬浮切削液对切削性能指标的改善情况。实验分析结果表明:石墨烯悬浮切削液能明显改善硬质合金-45#钢之间的润滑条件,摩擦系数和磨损率显著下降,采用不同质量分数石墨烯悬浮切削液的平均摩擦系数较原半合成切削液下降12. 9%~57. 3%,磨损率下降33. 82%,同时切削合力较原半合成切削液下降18. 58%,加工后工件表面粗糙度下降7. 5%。     

U型BFRP箍筋试件受剪试验分析

针对U型箍筋抗剪试验缺乏强度折减实践依据的问题,设计15个配有BFRP箍筋的C30混凝土U型试件。在BFRP箍筋两侧用套筒将其锚固,弯折成U型,箍筋两端采用穿心千斤顶施加荷载,逐渐加载至BFRP箍筋破坏。通过分析试验数据,建立试件受力模型,可知弯折部位锚固长度对BFRP箍筋强度折减有较大影响,最大折减为原强度的65%;随着锚固长度的增加,BFRP箍筋强度呈线性增加至某个定值;最后推导出U型BFRP箍筋强度折减公式。     

活性粉末混凝土200（RPC200）的配制试验研究

进行了活性粉末混凝土(RPC)的配制试验,通过5批试件分别探讨砂灰比、石英粉、硅灰、水胶比和钢纤维等因素单值变化时对RPC流动度以及抗折强度、抗压强度的影响.研究表明:在常规制作工艺条件下,配制出抗压强度和抗折强度分别为145.6 MPa和26.68MPa的无纤维RPC;当钢纤维含量为6%时,RPC的抗压强度和抗折强度分别达到了201.3MPa和73.67 MPa.     

复合材料单面胶接修复含中心裂纹铝合金板的疲劳特性分析

利用ANSYS有限元分析软件,建立了复合材料单面胶接修复铝合金裂纹板的裂纹长度参数化的有限元模型,分析了修复结构的裂纹尖端应力强度因子及其变化幅值的规律;与试验测试结果相结合,得到了描述修复结构疲劳特性的Paris公式材料常数;碳纤维、玻璃纤维复合材料胶接修复铝合金裂纹板的材料常数C、m分别为6.76×10-10、2.27和7.89×10-10、2.33。     

表面工程力学分析中的任意线法和线法

本文对厚度方向存在巨大数量级差别、表面工程中广泛采用的两种材料间的结合力问题和裂纹问题等所抽象出来的高梯度问题,先采用任意线法,对极坐标系中的有解析解的问题进行了研究;然后,针对西安交通大学强度所正在研究的“楔压法”的规则试件,采用线法和子结构法,作了进一步的研究.所得结果表明:这些半解析的数值方法,为这类具有高梯度变形特征的工程问题进行力学分析,提供了有效的途径.     

铝热焊接工艺参数优化研究

为获得最佳铝热焊接工艺参数,对拉伸试件进行了正交试验和二次通用旋转组合试验,研究预热温度、加压时间和预留焊缝3因素对接头强度的影响,进而寻求一组使焊接接头强韧性最高的焊接工艺参数组合。利用电子显微镜等对试件拉伸断口进行了分析,通过对比2种开始加压时间下试件的显微组织和性能,研究了这2种方法对接头强韧性的影响。结果表明:采用设计的铝热焊接试验装置和优化出的随焊加压致密化工艺参数,可使焊接接头获得大变形组织,从而获得高的强度和韧性。该项研究可为提高铝热焊接质量提供基础数据。     

Si3 N4基复相陶瓷天线罩材料的制备及性能

基于高马赫数导弹天线罩为应用背景,以Si粉、BN粉、SiO2粉为主要原料,采用反应烧结法制备Si3N4基复相陶瓷材料,探讨了原料组成、成型工艺及坯体密度对材料性能的影响。试验结果表明:当原料中Si、BN和SiO2分别为55%、30%和10%时,材料强度可达96.7MPa,断裂韧性可达1.80MPa.m1/2。同时材料具有良好的介电性能及热物理性能。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.