基于双树复小波变换的信号去噪算法

为了提高接收信号的质量,在一定程度上消除噪声对信号的影响,提出了一种基于双树复小波变换的信号降噪方法。通过双树结构消除了因间隔采样而丢失的有用信息,对每一层的高频分量的实部和虚部分别计算阈值,依据各自的阈值进行滤波处理。实验结果表明:该方法与离散小波变换消噪方法相比具有平移不变性,处理后的波形较平滑,能够较好地保留信号细节信息,而且其去噪性能也优于离散小波变换。     

基于实值离散Gabor变换的阶比跟踪滤波

提出了基于实值离散Gabor变换的阶比跟踪滤波方法．分析了阶比跟踪滤波为时频滤波的实质,给出了如何通过实值离散Gabor变换实现阶比跟踪滤波的步骤．通过对仿真信号阶比跟踪滤波前后的时频分布、阶比谱和时域信号对比,证实本方法能有效滤除阶比混叠成分．通过延长信号两端采样长度的方法可以消除阶比跟踪滤波后端点的误差．     

多普勒雷达测速信号滤波方法分析

针对四波束多普勒雷达测速信号的特点,提出了适用于光纤捷联惯导/多普勒雷达/气压高度表组合导航系统应用的多普勒雷达测速信号滤波方法.分别分析了卡尔曼滤波、经典数字滤波和小波变换滤波方法在从含有噪声和野值的多普勒雷达测速信号中提取出原始信号的特点,并对实际跑车试验中测得的多普勒雷达测速数据进行了滤波处理.结果表明:小波滤波方法在降噪以及剔除野值方面性能更好,更能适用于组合导航中对多普勒雷达测速信号的精度要求.     

飞机发动机关键系统智能故障诊断方法

飞机发动机是一个非常复杂的大系统,由于其结构复杂,工作环境恶劣,对其关键系统的故障进行准确诊断始终是困扰业界的技术瓶颈之一。提出了采用EMD小波阈值降噪与主元分析相结合的方法,对飞机发动机气路系统故障诊断进行了深入研究。针对某型真实飞机发动机进行测试试验采集的气路多参量数据,首先采用经验模态分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD)对气路系统各参量信号进行EMD分解,然后采用软阈值函数对其进行降噪,并进行信号重构,从而可得到飞机发动机气路工作状态有效数据。在此基础上,设计了飞机发动机气路系统主元分析故障诊断模型,并结合预处理得到的飞机发动机气路有效数据,运用所设计的主元分析故障诊断模型对飞机发动机进行故障诊断技术研究。研究结果表明,所提出的方法能够很好地诊断出飞机发动机气路系统实际运行时所出现的故障,具有重要的实际应用价值,并有广泛的应用前景。     

形态滤波和自相关降噪的Hilbert边际谱在轴承故障诊断中的应用

Hilbert边际谱是Hilbert-Huang变换在频域的一种表示形式,适合分析机械故障诊断中广泛存在的非平稳信号,但是噪声会影响Hilbert边际谱的分析精度。针对从装甲车辆机械系统采集的振动信号中噪声的特点,将形态滤波和自相关相结合,对振动信号进行降噪,提高了Hilbert边际谱对振动信号的分析精度,并在某型坦克变速箱主轴7216轴承滚动体点蚀故障诊断中得到了应用。     

一种基于SVD的非平稳信号重叠分段降噪算法

在分析基于SVD的平稳信号降噪原理的基础上,提出了一种基于SVD的非平稳信号重叠分段降噪算法.非平稳信号通过数据分段可近似处理为多段平稳信号.为降低连续分段降噪误差,进行一定比例的重叠分段,应用基于SVD的平稳信号降噪方法对各分段信号进行降噪,相邻段之间的重叠信号经过多次降噪后求平均得到最终降噪信号.仿真结果表明,该算...     

离散小波改进算法在机动车辆换挡信号降噪中的应用

针对机动车辆换挡信号中存在大量强电磁及环境振动噪声的问题,同时考虑到实时性和硬件实现性能的需求,基于最小带宽离散小波算法,提出了简化的、适用于工程实现的小波分解层数确定方法;然后利用初始阈值对各层小波系数进行分类,利用各层中各类系数均值差的模及均方差为依据,设计了各层阈值的自适应迭代确定算法,同时改进了阈值的量化函数。仿真对比试验和应用测试结果表明,该算法具有较好的降噪效果,适用于机动车辆的相关信号检测与降噪。     

离散余弦变换系数矩阵自适应分类矢量量化图象编码

矢量量化技术与离散余弦变换相结合不仅能在低码率下获得较好的恢复图象,而且能降低矢量量化器的复杂度。在此基础上,本文对变换后的系数矩阵进行自适应分类,分散码书的搜索过程,进一步降低了矢量量化器的复杂度。     

基于优化小波阈值的轴承振动信号降噪算法北大核心

滚动轴承振动信号能够及时准确地提供机电设备状态特征信息,且可实现在线或离线监测,广泛用于滚动轴承故障诊断。由于滚动轴承工作环境复杂多变,往往掺杂较多噪声,噪声会淹没机电设备状态的有用特征信息。针对传统小波阈值函数对轴承信号降噪不明显的问题,提出了一种用于轴承振动信号降噪的差分进化优化小波软阈值算法,对含噪信号进行小波分解,利用广义交叉验证GCV函数作为新的阈值函数对分解后的小波系数进行处理,结合差分进化算法进行寻优获取最优阈值。实验采用美国凯斯西储大学的轴承数据进行仿真分析,通过与常用降噪方法相比,该方法在较好地保留特征信号的前提下,较大程度地去除了噪声,有效地提高了降噪效果。     

一种基于DCT和PSOLA的语音变换方法

文中提出了一种基于离散余弦变换(DCT)和基音同步叠接相加(PSOLA)的语音变换方法。此方法可以自由调整源语音的基音频率、能量分布和时长,以达到变换要求,并且变换后的语音具有较高的质量。变换方法首先对基音标记过的语音段通过DCT进行基音频率和能量分布的调整,之后再通过PSOLA法进一步对基音频率进行修正。实验表明,此方法在男女声变换中,能够使变换前、后语音的性别感觉明显变化,并且保持了较高的语音质量。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.