一种改进的多智能体碰撞避免行为

针对目前碰撞避免行为缺乏真实性和通用性的问题,本文提出一种改进的多智能体碰撞避免行为生成方法。通过引入角色参数和个性参数,使得智能体能够根据自身的属性调整避碰行为。改进的多智能体碰撞避免行为把碰撞避免行为与真实人的属性相联系,可以保持智能体前后运动的一致性和平滑性。因此,更符合真实人的碰撞避免行为特性,具有更强的"类人性"和通用性。仿真结果表明,加入了真实人属性的改进方法产生的避碰行为能有效地应用于具有多样化属性的虚拟人群行为仿真、多机器人系统和多智能体领域中。     

浅谈提高工控系统抗故障能力的措施

可编程逻辑控制器PLC（Programmable Logic Controller）是计算机技术与继电器控制技术相结合的产物,具备逻辑控制、定时、计数等功能。它采用了计算机存储程序的顺序执行的原理,编程语言主要采用的是直观的类似继电器接触器控制电路图的梯形图语言。在工业控制（PLC）系统中,采用屏避故障设计的思想,可使我们设计的控制系统能在系统某一（或多个）部件出现故障时,使系统对此故障进行有效的屏避,保证整个系统的正常工作。     

多分辨率建模在战役推演仿真系统中的应用

战役推演仿真系统中存在大量分布在不同层次上的实体,为了使这些实体高效运行,同时保证相关信息能正确交互,研究了几种典型的多分辨率建模方法,并在分析战役推演仿真系统结构的基础上提出了一种面向多分辨率建模的仿真模块体系结构,建立了层次关系表、运行实体关系表、参数映射类和聚合解聚触发事件列表来保证多分辨率模型之间运行数据的一致性,同时避免链式解聚的问题.通过实验,按该体系结构建立的仿真系统能正确运行多分辨率模型,该框架为建立基于多分辨率建模的仿真系统提供了一定的技术支撑.     

舰船避碰自动化系统

舰船碰撞是严重的海事之一 .要从根本上减少舰船碰撞事故 ,装备舰船避碰自动化系统 (ACAS)是必然趋势 .文中提出了一种以估计来船操纵性K、T指数为特征的ACAS ,给出了其系统组成和避碰决策软件框架 ,并以宽深水域双船会遇为例 ,叙述了其避碰决策子系统的 4个基本数模 ,即碰撞危险度、几何避碰、矩阵对策、微分对策数模 .最后给出了该软件计算机仿真的实例     

三自由度弹性碰撞系统周期运动的倍化分岔

基于非线性理论,建立了三自由度分段弹性移动碰撞面系统模型。首先,研究了该情况下系统周期运动的倍化分岔和混沌等非线性行为,求出了系统碰撞前后的切换矩阵,并使用得到的切换矩阵结合光滑系统的Floquet理论确定了该非光滑系统周期运动发生倍化分岔的条件;然后,通过在碰撞面处建立Poincaré映射,用数值方法进一步揭示了该系统周期运动经倍化分岔通向混沌的过程。结果表明:当旋转频率接近临界分岔点时,有1个Floquet特征乘子接近-1,系统发生周期倍化分岔;随着旋转频率的增加,系统经历了多周期、混沌等复杂的非线性行为。该研究结果可为大型高速旋转机械的安全稳定运行提供可靠的设计与故障诊断依据,也为其实际设计提供了理论指导和技术支持。     

模糊离散变结构控制系统研究

系统研究了模糊离散变结构控制的设计方法,提出了几种具体设计方案.对于变结构控制而言,模糊逻辑的引入可以使滑模(变结构)控制具备推理和学习能力,控制信号得以柔化,能够减轻或避免一般滑模控制的抖振现象;对于模糊控制而言,滑模控制思想的引入可以大大简化控制结构,保证控制系统的鲁棒稳定性,对模糊控制系统的设计和性能分析提供了一种工具.     

纤维缠绕复合材料实芯球形结构单元耐撞性多目标优化

为了提高纤维缠绕复合材料实芯球形结构单元的耐撞能量耗散性能,在初始结构单元耐撞性分析的基础上,建立以结构单元中心承载圆柱体高径比、球形芯材短轴长轴比以及纤维缠绕复合材料表层壁厚比和缠绕角度为结构优化设计参数,以比吸能效率和冲击峰值载荷为评价指标的多目标优化模型。采用分级递进优化方法将多目标优化模型分解为两级单目标优化子模型,并通过有限元软件Abaqus得到不同子模型的碰撞响应。结合径向基函数构造近似函数模型,并采用第二代非劣排序遗传算法对结构优化设计参数进行两级递进求解,得到耐撞性能最优的结构单元。进一步开展的试验验证和破坏模式分析表明,优化设计后结构单元的耐撞吸能水平得到大幅提高,从而验证了该多目标优化分析模型的有效性。     

谈改造普通电梯以适应高局建筑人员疏散

概述了高层建筑火灾特点,从空间制约、距离问题和个体差异几方面分析了高层建筑完全依赖楼梯进行疏散的弊端.同时,针对利用普通电梯进行疏散存在的高温影响、电气原因、烟囱效应和水渍因素各类危险进行了探讨,提出了有效降低烟囱效应、努力确保电梯动力、提高轿厢抗高温性、科学制定疏散预案和努力改变疏散意识等八种改进措施,对于实现“有条件利用电梯疏散”具有一定的参考价值.     

军费运行循环论

军费以什么方式运行是军费运行分析中必须首先明确的一个基本问题。作者鉴于对包括军费在内的财政资金运行方式的传统认识难以解决的一些理论问题,在财政资金运行分析中引入“公共商品”概念的基础上,重新考察了财政资金和军费的运行方式,并得出结论:军费运行也是循环式的,即军费是以政府财政和投入品市场为中介的循环式运行的。     

潜艇如何在海里航行

不久前,美国“旧金山”号核潜艇在太平洋500米深的水下航行时,撞上了一座海底山峰,导致60多人受伤。该事件说明,广阔的海洋并不都是潜艇任意驰骋的场所。只有周密的海洋测绘才能保证航行安全。从1954年世界上第一艘核动力潜艇“鹦鹉螺”号下水至2001年,核潜艇发生的各类碰撞事故有15起,其中美国有13起。影响潜艇航行安全的主要是海洋空间地理环境、海洋大气环境和海洋水声环境等。海洋空间地理环境涉及海水深度、碍     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.