一种改进的多聚焦图像融合算法

针对小波变换在进行多聚焦图像融合时存在的边缘失真问题,提出了一种基于双正交小波变换的图像融合算法.对图像分解后的高频分量采用一种基于区域的融合策略;对分解后的低频分量通过度量图像区域质量来选择该区域中心像素从而确定融合图像的低频分量,最后进行双正交小波反变换得到融合图像.通过对多聚焦图像的仿真实验表明,此算法得到的融合图像在清晰度和对比度方面都得到了较大提高,是一种有效的图像融合算法.     

一种基于整数小波变换的图像压缩方法

提出了一种基于整数小波变换的数字图像压缩方案.该算法首先对原始图像进行边界延拓,然后对延拓后的图像进行基于提升格式的整数小波变换,对于小波变换后的系数进行基于形态膨胀算法的嵌入式小波零树编码,最后进行自适应算法编码.实验结果表明,该方案在缩短编码时间以及提高压缩比和峰值信噪比方面,均取得了良好的效果.     

一种SAR图像特征提取和目标分类的新方法

提出了一种利用二维离散小波变换与核主成分分析结合对SAR图像进行特征提取的新方法.该方法对SAR图像进行三层小波分解后提取低频子带图像的核主成分分量作为目标的分类特征,利用支持向量机完成目标分类.采用MSTAR实测SAR目标数据集进行特征提取和分类实验,实验结果表明:该方法可以有效提高目标的正确识别率.     

基于小波分析的眼底病图像预处理

将小波变换方法用于眼底病灰度图像预处理。采用Haar小波对输入的眼底病灰度图像进行单尺度二维离散小波分解提取边缘。为了从不同程度改善图像的质量，我们对分解的图像进行量化编码，把高频三个方向的分解系数图像用离散小波变换逆变换进行图像融合及图像增强。通过计算机模拟对比了一阶、二阶微商的边缘提取方法和小波变换边缘提取方法预处理结果，结果表明采用小波变换对输入的眼底病灰度图像进行预处理是一种更理想的方法。     

基于平稳小波变换的遥感图像融合方法

针对目前方法在多光谱图像和高分辨率图像融合中存在的问题,提出了一种IHS交换和平稳小波变换相结合的图像融合方法.首先对多光谱图像进行IHS变换后,得到I、H和S三个分量,接着对I分量和高分辨率图像进行基于平稳小波变换的图像融合,得到一幅新的强度图像,最后用新的强度图像和H及S进行IHS反变换,进而获得最终融合图像.实验表明,它优于传统的IHS变换法和小波变换法.     

基于小波分析的子带特征提取与选择方法

在研究了目标图像多尺度小波分解特性的基础上,提出了基于小波多尺度分解子带主成分的特征提取的算法。该算法利用图像在不同尺度的小波变换域中能量局部集中性,选择各子带能量较集中的局部小波系数构成图像目标特征向量。这种特征包含图像目标的主要边缘、纹理、灰度、结构等多种信息。由于对图像目标的特征信息的分布没有任何限制,因而适用于多种类型的图像的特征提取,可以解决单一特征提取方法中必须面对的所提取特征不明显的难点。这种特征向量对噪声有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于二进小波变换的噪声图像自适应增强新算法

针对图像增强算法通常会放大原图像中噪声分量的问题,提出了一种基于二进小波变换的图像增强新算法。该算法充分利用了二进小波变换的平移不变性和各尺度上小波系数间的相关性,有效改善了增强过程中噪声放大和边缘失真问题。此外,算法具有高度的自适应能力,适用性更强。实验结果表明,与目前已有的各类多尺度图像增强算法相比,该算法在抑制噪声和凸显图像特征两方面均有明显改进。     

极端曝光图像的多尺度分解细节感知融合算法

针对极端曝光(欠曝光和过曝光)图像动态范围低的问题,提出一种基于多尺度分解细节感知的图像融合算法。欠曝光图像经过细节增强后,与过曝光图像进行初步的粗融合;采用小波变换对细节增强后图像的亮度分量进行多尺度分解,并设计专门的高频和低频融合策略,实现亮度分量的精融合;将粗融合图像的色调、饱和度分量,与精融合图像的亮度分量重组,获得最终的融合结果。基于大量测试数据,实验结果表明所提方法在视觉效果方面表现优异,平均MEF-SSIM指标为0.985 4,平均SSIM指标为0.650 8,均优于现有主流算法。     

一种新的基于小波变换的多尺度边缘提取方法

选取二维高斯函数的一阶偏导数构造小波函数,利用小波变换的多尺度特性,结合"非极大抑制"的方法,提取图像的多尺度边缘信息.对传统的小波变换算法进行了简化,显著降低了算法的复杂性和计算量.通过调整小波变换的尺度,既能够获取图像的细节边缘信息,又可以提取图像的粗轮廓边缘信息,仿真实验取得了比较理想的结果.     

基于二维小波变换的空间目标识别算法

对于空间目标识别这个具有挑战性的研究课题,提出了基于二维小波变换的空间目标识别算法。该算法首先对空间目标的ISAR像进行二维小波变换,然后从近似分量和细节分量中提取奇异值特征,最后应用径向基函数(RBF)神经网络进行分类识别。计算机仿真实验表明,该算法取得了比较好的识别效果。     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

SIM—LISP:一个通信网络管理专家系统外壳的设计与实现

本文介绍了笔者为开发名为OONMES的网络管理专家系统所实现的一个简单专家系统工具SIM-LISP。SIM-LISP是一个用C/C++语言来实现的模拟LISP语言的可调用函数集,它短小精巧,速度快,可以完成针对网管专家系统的事实或规则知识的表示、匹配、合一和推理等基本操作,并有与知识对象的连接功能,是网管专家系统内核实现的支撑环境。     

Al Qaida on the US invasion of Afghanistan in their own words

This article consists of selected translations from captured interviews and dairies of Al Qaida members. The time period covered is from mid-2001 to early 2002 and concerns their operations in Afghanistan. The material clearly conveys a range of emotion, from confident to despondent, as well as efforts to contest the US actions. The first several pages give the reader context and some possible “lessons learned,” but the story(ies) are best told by the Al Qaida members themselves. All names are pseudonyms.     

Does Intent equal Capability? Al-Qaeda and Weapons of Mass Destruction

The prospect of terrorists deploying weapons of mass destruction (WMD) is often referred to as the foremost danger to American national security. This danger has become more realistic because of al-Qaeda's expanding global network and the expressed willingness to kill thousands of civilians. In the past four years, numerous media reports have documented the group's ongoing quest for WMD capabilities; many reports have detailed al-Qaeda members’ attempts to manufacture or obtain certain chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) agents to use in WMD against targets in the West and the Middle East. Yet the question remains: Does al-Qaeda's current WMD capability match its actual intent? While most studies of the group have focused on its explicit desire for WMD, allegations of CBRN acquisition, and the killing potential of specific CBRN agents, few open-source studies have closely examined the evolution of al-Qaeda's consideration of WMD and, most notably, the merit of actual CBRN production instructions as depicted and disseminated in the group's own literature and manuals. The following report will examine the history of al-Qaeda's interest in CBRN agents, the evolution of the network's attitude toward these weapons, and the internal debate within the organization concerning acquisition and use of WMD. More so, the following research will assess the validity of actual CBRN production instructions and capabilities as displayed and disseminated in al-Qaeda's own literature and websites.     

Late Medieval Lance Use: Mounted Combat and Martial Arts in Western Europe from the 14th to the 16th Century

Despite the lance’s status and the amount of attention the couched lance has received in historiography, study of its martial art has been neglected. The various lance types and techniques used by western European cavalry have only recently begun to receive scholarly attention. Additionally, Medieval European lance use has too often been studied in isolation, without an adequate understanding of the idiosyncratic and asymmetrical dynamics of mounted combat. Although the charge with the couched lance was a valid tactic, it was only one of many. Light and heavy lances were used in one hand or two to trip, block, unhorse, and wrestle. These techniques were governed by the harsh laws of distance, speed, impact, iron, and asymmetry. By utilizing the surviving Fechtbücher and several Peninsular and Near Eastern sources, a brief foray into the diverse techniques of lance use and their purposes has been attempted here.     

A model for geographically distributed combat interactions of swarming naval and air forces

This article describes the Distributed Interaction Campaign Model (DICM), an exploratory campaign analysis tool and asset allocation decision‐aid for managing geographically distributed and swarming naval and air forces. The model is capable of fast operation, while accounting for uncertainty in an opponent's plan. It is intended for use by commanders and analysts who have limited time for model runs, or a finite budget. The model is purpose‐built for the Pentagon's Office of Net Assessment, and supports analysis of the following questions: What happens when swarms of geographically distributed naval and air forces engage each other and what are the key elements of the opponents’ force to attack? Are there changes to force structure that make a force more effective, and what impacts will disruptions in enemy command and control and wide‐area surveillance have? Which insights are to be gained by fast exploratory mathematical/computational campaign analysis to augment and replace expensive and time‐consuming simulations? An illustrative example of model use is described in a simple test scenario. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 562–576, 2016     

Thomas Firth and Sons – Steelmakers to the Arms Industries. Part 2: Heavy Armaments

Firth’s were the first of the Sheffield steel makers to enter the field armaments. Their involvement with Colt has been outlined in an article in the journal of the Colt Collectors Association in America and their activities as steelmakers to the small-arms industries has been covered in a previous issue of this Journal. This article gives a brief overview of their involvement as manufacturers in the field of heavy armaments, being the first to make all-steel guns and their evolving role in the use of steel for ordnance, culminating in the displacement of wrought iron by the adoption of steel for ordnance manufacture by the Royal Gun Factory in the 1880s. It also highlights their development of stainless steel in this context.     

Information Is Not a Weapons System

ABSTRACT

While many militaries have tried to capitalize on the potential of information operations in internal war, few have succeeded. I argue that military information campaigns fall short of expectations for two reasons. First, the theory of influence militaries generally embrace – communications as a non-lethal weapons system – is largely invalid. While treating information as a weapons system makes it easier to integrate it into the existing military planning system, this overstates the independent effects of communications on behavior and understates the importance of interactive effects of what commercial marketing theory refers to as the “marketing mix” – product, price, promotion, and placement. It would be more appropriate to treat military information operations as a form of marketing: a composite effort to induce a specific behavior in a target audience by applying a combination of material and ideational instruments. The marketing model suggests that the efficacy of information operations will depend not simply on the message and its delivery (promotion) but on the behavior the sender seeks to induce (the product), the costs of that behavior (the price), and the opportunities available for such behavior (the placement).