动基站时差探测系统定位方法研究

针对传统长基线时差探测系统的缺点,提出了全新的动基站时差测量系统并给出了目标的定位原理。在典型布站、信息存在冗余的前提下,通过子集选优法确定了最佳定位算法,并根据工程应用的需要确定了更加合理简捷的定位算法,统计仿真表明了该算法的有效性。最后,计算了目标高度测量精度并归纳了其特点,给出了有益的结论。     

基于战术编队的相对导航GDOP分析

针对在实际作战中,飞行编队优先考虑战术原则,而忽视JTIDS/MIDS相对导航GDOP的现象。首先利用最小二乘法计算相对导航的GDOP值,其次根据战术原则建立编队模型,最后采用单一变量法,分析了平面位置关系、垂直位置关系及导航源的选择对GDOP值的影响,并将仿真结果与GPS定位导航的GDOP值进行比较。仿真结果证明,位置关系和导航源的选择对于改善相对导航的GDOP值,提高导航精度具有决定性的意义,且仿真结果为实际作战进行编队和选择导航源提供了重要参考。     

一种改进的选星算法在GPS定位系统中的应用

为解决传统选星算法在定位精度与运算复杂度之间的矛盾,提出了一种基于行列式值的改进选星算法,并从运算量的复杂度、消耗时间的长短、定位精度的高低3个方面与传统最小几何精度因子(GDOP)算法相比较。仿真结果表明:改进选星算法80%以上的GDOP相对比值小于10%,所需计算时间明显小于传统最小GDOP方法,且避免了大量的矩阵乘法和求逆运算,证明了该改进选星算法具有计算复杂度低、耗时短、精度较高的优点。     

多传感器布局和目标跟踪精度分析

基于目标位置估计的Cramer-Rao限和几何精度稀释(GDOP)来研究组网的多异质非线性传感器系统中,传感器和目标的相对位置对目标跟踪精度的影响.分析表明,除了传感器的测量误差、目标的距离外,传感器到目标视线的夹角大小对目标跟踪精度也有一定的影响,影响的大小和传感器的横向径向测量误差的比值大小有关.结合工程应用,分别对2个和3个不同类型的传感器组合进行了讨论.     

位置信息场定位法在低精度测向传感器中的应用

多站无源定位中,测向交叉定位法是一种广泛应用的经典方法,但如何从多个低成本低精度测向传感器获得高精度定位效果的研究相对较少。目标位置信息场定位法在处理多目标定位问题时能够同时确定目标数目和多目标位置,对传感器测量数据具有较好的融合性能。运用目标位置信息场定位法,研究在感兴趣定位区域内用多数低精度测向传感器代替少数高精度测向传感器进行定位,并借助定位算法的GDOP对定位效果进行描述。理论分析与仿真实验表明,目标位置信息场定位法可以用于多数低精度测向传感器测向交叉定位,并且可以达到少数高精度测向传感器同样的定位效果,具有重要的应用价值。     

基于数据融合的某型导弹智能温度测量控制系统

介绍了应用于某型导弹的温度测量控制系统的硬件组成和工作过程。为了消除测量干扰,提出一种一致性加权融合估计算法,给出了多传感器一致性检验的准则,并利用多元统计理论推导出了最优权值的计算公式。最后将该算法应用于导弹温度测量控制系统。实验证明:该算法具有较好的稳定性,可有效降低噪声干扰,提高测量精度。     

一种传感器网络时空融合模型

针对多传感器间存在时空相关性和先验知识未知的情况,提出了一种基于核偏最小二乘最优加权的传感器网络时空融合模型。首先用核偏最小二乘法对每个传感器在不同时刻的测量值进行融合,然后将各个传感器同时刻的估计值进行空间最优融合,从而得到被测参量的最终融合估计。该模型还能排除那些取值远离样本点集合平均水平的奇异点。理论分析和融合实验表明,该模型能取得较高的融合精度,并能显著节省网络能量。     

基于粒子群优化算法的空中目标定位

受干扰条件下,雷达难以对空中目标准确定位。针对这一问题,提出了当多基雷达接收站在空间随机分布时,利用粒子群优化算法解决根据到达时间差对空中目标定位中遇到的非线性最优化问题。所建算法首先初始化一个随机粒子群,然后根据适应度值更新粒子速度和位置,通过迭代搜索最佳坐标。仿真结果表明,在参数设定合理的情况下,该算法性能稳定,能找到逼近全局最优点的解。     

伪距定位中的GDOP最小值

讨论了一文计算伪距定位中GDOP最小值时数学上的缺陷和不严格性,指出文献在计算GDOP最小值时没有考虑到对应于钟差的特征值在值域上有限制,从而推导出的最小值不可能得到.对多站布阵时GDOP最小值进行了重新推导,给出不同站点数目时GDOP最小值的通式,并给出GDOP达到最小值时的布阵分布.     

双站无源定位最佳配置分析

为了提高双站无源定位精度,在全局坐标系下分析了双站纯方位定位系统的最佳配置形式。首先研究了最小GDOP(Geometric Dilution of Precision)意义下的方位角约束关系及最优夹角,得到双站的最佳配置形式是目标与两传感器间呈一确定夹角的等腰三角形;在此基础上,讨论了夹角对GDOP的影响进而提出有效定位区域的概念,指出只有当目标位于该区域内时双站才能获得较好的定位精度。仿真结果验证了上述关于最佳配置形式及有效定位区域的分析,指出该结论可以应用到基于传感器管理的多站无源定位算法中。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Reviews

Douglas S. Derrer, We Are All the Target: A Handbook of Terrorism Avoidance and Hostage Survival. Annapolis, MD: US Naval Institute Press, 1992. Pp. x+135, notes, index. $14.95. ISBN 01–55750–150–5

Ian Knight, Zulu: Isandlwana and Rorke's Drift, 22–23 January 1879. London: Windrow & Greene, 1992. Pp.136, 150 illus., incl 8 colour plates, maps, biblio. £35. ISBN 1–872004–23–7

Ian Knight, By the Orders of the Great White Queen: Campaigning in Zululand through the Eyes of the British Soldiers, 1879. London: Greenhill Books and Novato: Presidio Press, 1992. Pp. 272, 17 illus., 1 map. £18.95. ISBN 1–85367–122–3

Manfried Rauchensteiner and Erwin A. Schmidl (eds.), Formen des Krieges: vom Mittelalter zum ‘Low‐intensity’ Conflict’. Graz : Verlag Styria, 1991. Pp.208. DM35. ISBN 3–22–12139–7

Harold J. Kearsley, Maritime Power and the Twenty‐First Century. Dartmouth: Dartmouth Publishing Company, Limited, 1992. Pp.xv + 203, 13 diagrams, index. £32.50. ISBN 1–85521–288–9     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Panjwai: a tale of two COINs in Afghanistan

The US Army has two approaches to counterinsurgency operations in Afghanistan. One is hard, or combat-focused, and the other is soft, or development-focused. This study examines two US Army task forces deployed to Panjwai District, Afghanistan from 2012 to 2013. CTF 4-9 and 1-38 offer a meaningful comparison because they pursued these contrasting approaches among the same population and against the same enemy at the same time and place. The study compares each unit’s approach and finds that neither approach was successful absent the other. The article concludes by recommending further research into combining the approaches at the operational level.