炮兵风险距离的仿真计算方法

现代战场非线性趋势愈加明显,炮兵火力对敌我双方以及平民都可能造成毁伤。合理确定炮兵风险距离,控制对非敌人员的杀伤风险是炮兵火力运用的重要内容。提出了炮兵风险距离的概念,并给出了仿真计算方法。首先,给出了炮兵风险距离的概念,并解释了其仿真计算原理。然后,建立了蒙特卡洛仿真模型。最后,结合实例验证了仿真计算方法的正确性。     

某高炮火控系统射击诸元采集装置设计

在高炮火控系统射击校正中,射击诸元需要以数字量形式送入校射系统作为输入信号使用,而高炮火控系统射击诸元大都是采用三相轴角信号形式的模拟信号。为了解决这一问题,设计了一种高炮火控系统射击诸元采集装置实现射击诸元模拟量向数字量形式的转换。首先分析了射击诸元的采集与测量原理,设计了SCOTT变压、采样保持、A/D转换、正峰值脉冲产生、数据处理与控制等硬件功能电路,阐述了采集装置的总体工作过程,在此基础上进行了软件程序设计。该射击诸元采集装置的研制为高炮火控系统射击诸元的采集以及校射工作提供了一种实用的方法。     

Disruption‐management strategies for short life‐cycle products

Supplier diversification, contingent sourcing, and demand switching (whereby a firm shifts customers to a different product if their preferred product is unavailable), are key building blocks of a disruption‐management strategy for firms that sell multiple products over a single season. In this article, we evaluate 12 possible disruption‐management strategies (combinations of the basic building‐block tactics) in the context of a two‐product newsvendor. We investigate the influence of nine attributes of the firm, its supplier(s), and its products on the firs preference for the various strategies. These attributes include supplier reliability, supplier failure correlation, payment responsibility in the event of a supply failure, product contribution margin, product substitutability, demand uncertainties and correlation, and the decision makes risk aversion. Our results show that contingent sourcing is preferred to supplier diversification as the supply risk (failure probability) increases, but diversification is preferred to contingent sourcing as the demand risk (demand uncertainty) increases. We find that demand switching is not effective at managing supply risk if the products are sourced from the same set of suppliers. Demand switching is effective at managing demand risk and so can be preferred to the other tactics if supply risk is low. Risk aversion makes contingent sourcing preferable over a wider set of supply and demand‐risk combinations. We also find a two‐tactic strategy provides almost the same benefit as a three‐tactic strategy for most reasonable supply and demand‐risk combinations. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2009     

炮兵射击指挥系统的智能检测诊断系统

介绍了某型炮兵射击指挥系统智能检测诊断系统的硬件设计和软件组成,并详细地介绍了该系统的功能和技术特点,它不仅可以对炮兵射击指挥系统中的印制板进行故障诊断,也可用于其它由于装备印制板的测试和诊断.     

Differential-game examination of optimal time-sequential fire-support strategies

Optimal time-sequential fire-support strategies are studied through a two-person zero-sum deterministic differential game with closed-loop (or feedback) strategies. Lanchester-type equations of warfare are used in this work. In addition to the max-min principle, the theory of singular extremals is required to solve this prescribed-duration combat problem. The combat is between two heterogeneous forces, each composed of infantry and a supporting weapon system (artillery). In contrast to previous work reported in the literature, the attrition structure of the problem at hand leads to force-level-dependent optimal fire-support strategies with the attacker's optimal fire-support strategy requiring him to sometimes split his artillery fire between enemy infantry and artillery (counterbattery fire). A solution phenomnon not previously encountered in Lanchester-type differential games is that the adjoint variables may be discontinuous across a manifold of discontinuity for both players' strategies. This makes the synthesis of optimal strategies particularly difficult. Numerical examples are given.     

射击持续时间对炮兵火力毁伤的影响

针对当前炮兵火力毁伤评估的主要特点,分析射击持续时间对炮兵火力毁伤的影响.讨论了目标毁伤毁伤幅员和火炮发射速度在急袭过程随射击持续时间增加的变化情况,得到了一个随射击持续时间变化的火力毁伤评估模型.该算法较好地满足了当前炮兵火力毁伤评估的精度要求.     

炮兵火力任务分配的优化模型

现代作战,参战兵种多,炮兵的火力单位和类型更为复杂,不同的火力单位具有不同的毁伤效果,如何用最小的代价取得最大的军事效益,是一种火力任务分配的优化问题.根据不同炮种和目标的特点,建立在一定约束条件下的炮兵火力任务分配模型,并将其转化为指派问题,运用匈牙利算法求解,达到优化分配火力任务的目的.通过仿真计算证明这是辅助指挥员进行射击决策的一种有效手段,为作战指挥理论提供了一种新的数学模型.     

炮兵营射击的弹着点模拟及射击误差分析

弹着点模拟是对敌火力打击目标毁伤仿真的重要环节。在分析炮兵营射击误差构成与计算方法的基础上,研究建立了炮兵射击的弹着点散布蒙特卡洛(Monte-Carlo)仿真模型,实现了对集火射向、适宽射向、三距离射击等多种火力打击方式共同作用下的弹着点散布模拟,为目标毁伤仿真研究提供了模型支持。以此为基础,通过分析各组误差对毁伤概率的影响,发现对于炮兵营打击面散布目标来说,营共同误差是影响毁伤概率的最显著因素,应当通过提高测定目标位置和气象准备的精度减小误差以提高对目标的毁伤效果。     

地形对间瞄火炮射击效能影响模型研究

地形既能影响实际作战中炮阵地的选定、火炮配置及区分射击任务,又不同程度地影响选定的炮阵地对责任地域的射击效能。文中在考虑地形因素影响的基础上,建立了评定间瞄火炮射击效能的数学模型,阐述了其计算机模型的基本功能和实现方法,对间瞄火炮射击效能的评定具有一定的指导作用。     

An attacker‐defender model for analyzing the vulnerability of initial attack in wildfire suppression

Wildfire managers use initial attack (IA) to control wildfires before they grow large and become difficult to suppress. Although the majority of wildfire incidents are contained by IA, the small percentage of fires that escape IA causes most of the damage. Therefore, planning a successful IA is very important. In this article, we study the vulnerability of IA in wildfire suppression using an attacker‐defender Stackelberg model. The attacker's objective is to coordinate the simultaneous ignition of fires at various points in a landscape to maximize the number of fires that cannot be contained by IA. The defender's objective is to optimally dispatch suppression resources from multiple fire stations located across the landscape to minimize the number of wildfires not contained by IA. We use a decomposition algorithm to solve the model and apply the model on a test case landscape. We also investigate the impact of delay in the response, the fire growth rate, the amount of suppression resources, and the locations of fire stations on the success of IA.     

炮兵射击中若干“异常”现象的外弹道原理

在我军炮兵部队实弹射击实践和武器装备的射击试验中,经常出现一些与直觉不一致的所谓"异常"现象,困扰着部分炮兵指挥员和战斗人员.这些异常现象看似偶然且十分反常,实际上从外弹道理论上都是可以得到解释,而且是必然的.精心选取几个最常见的异常现象进行详细分析,以期为炮兵指挥员和战斗人员提供参考.     

Stochastic duels with displacements (suppression)

The stochastic duel is extended to include the possibility of a near-miss on each round fired, which causes the opponent to displace. During displacement, the displacing contestant cannot return the fire but is still a target for his opponent. An alternative interpretation of this model is to consider the displacement time as the time a contestant's fire is suppressed by his opponent's fire and that he does not move, but merely ceases fire temporarily. All times are exponentially distributed.     

Manpower allocation with time windows and job‐teaming constraints

In this work, we study manpower allocation with time windows and job‐teaming constraints. A set of jobs at dispersed locations requires teams of different types of workers where each job must be carried out in a preestablished time window and requires a specific length of time for completion. A job is satisfied if the required composite team can be brought together at the job's location for the required duration within the job's time window. The objective is to minimize a weighted sum of the total number of workers and the total traveling time. We show that construction heuristics used with simulated annealing is a good approach to solving this NP‐hard problem. In experiments, this approach is compared with solutions found using CPLEX and with lower bounds obtained from a network flow model. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

信息化条件下单炮多发同时弹着研究

信息化条件下,炮兵火力打击的强度对炮兵火力打击效果的影响呈指数函数递增,集中火力依然是炮兵战斗的首要原则,也是提高火力打击效果的首要手段,炮兵火力打击的速度与强度结合创造决定性效果.分析了信息化条件下单炮多发同时弹着的目的和用途,给出了实现多发同时弹着的约束条件,讨论了弹道计算模型和同时弹着方案的确定方法,并以某155mm自行火炮为例进行了多发同时弹着的计算与分析,论证了单炮实施多发同时弹着的可行性.     

炮兵C3I系统诸弹道模型的建立与分析

各级炮兵C3I系统、火控系统等决定射击诸元所采用的弹道数学模型比较多,每一种模型都有其产生的历史背景、适用的场合、优点和不足.就目前各系统所采用的"射表法"、"射表拟合法"、"弹道诸元解析法"、"弹丸运动微分方程"等数学模型、解算方法进行了分析、对比,给出了各种模型和方法的优点、缺点及其适用场合.对系统设计、快速准确地求解射击诸元和偏差修正具有指导意义.     

地炮火控系统的现状及发展概况

简述了数字化战场的特点,分析了地炮射击指挥系统数字化改造的必要性;介绍了国外地炮射击指挥系统数字化所采用的关键技术与设备;分析了国外地炮射击指挥系统的发展趋势.     

Target selection in lanchester combat: Heterogeneous forces and time-dependent attrition-rate coefficients

We develop solutions to two fire distribution problems for a homogeneous force in Lanchester combat against heterogeneous enemy forces. The combat continues over a period of time with a choice of tactics available to the homogeneous force and subject to change with time. In these idealized combat situations the lethality of each force's fire (as expressed by the Lanchester attrition-rate coefficient) depends upon time. Optimal fire distribution rules are developed through the combination of Lanchester-type equations for combat attrition and deterministic optimal control theory (Pontryagin maximum principle). Additionally, the theory of state variable inequality constraints is used to treat the nonnegativity of force levels. The synthesis of optimal fire distribution policies was facilitated by exploiting special mathematical structures in these problems.     

Puzzle‐based storage systems

We introduce and develop models for a physical goods storage system based on the 15‐puzzle, a classic children's game in which 15 numbered tiles slide within a 4 × 4 grid. The objective of the game is to arrange the tiles in numerical sequence, starting from a random arrangement. For our purposes, the tiles represent totes, pallets, or even containers that must be stored very densely, and the objective is to maneuver items to an input–output point for retrieval or processing. We develop analytical results for storage configurations having a single empty location (as in the game) and experimental results for configurations with multiple empty locations. Designs with many empty locations can be made to form aisles, allowing us to compare puzzle‐based designs with traditional aisle‐based designs found in warehousing systems. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007     

射击效率评定中火炮幅员及毁伤幅员计算

在已有计算火炮幅员及毁伤幅员成果的基础上,根据炮兵作战行动的特点,分阶段讨论了火炮幅员及毁伤幅员的计算方法,是对现有火炮幅员及毁伤幅员参考数据的完善,为提高射击效率评定的精度提供了较为丰富的数据基础.同时根据所建模型,分析了不同航路角情况下火炮幅员及毁伤幅员的变化趋势与极值情况,为优化炮兵作战行动提供了一定理论支持.     

高技术条件下炮兵作战火力优化模型

由于能给敌军造成大量的毁伤 ,炮兵被誉为“战争之神”。但是 ,由于可得到的炮兵部队数量、弹药和时间所限 ,炮兵不可能对战场所有可得到的目标射击。炮兵必须决定哪些目标可用炮兵射击 ,以及如何射击。考虑到未来战场将充斥着大量目标 ,炮兵要求使用一种自动目标处理系统。将提出一个炮兵优化模型 ,模型的目的是快速对目标价值排序 ,然后以最佳的炮兵兵力、火力分配对选择的目标进行射击。