无源双基地雷达系统直达波抑制算法

无源双基地雷达系统目标时延和多普勒频移估计,一般采用直达波通道信号与目标回波通道信号作互模糊函数处理,通过搜索互模糊函数的峰值来检测目标。虽然直达波干扰信号的互模糊函数峰值出现在零时延和零多普勒频移处,但其能量远大于目标回波信号,导致信号检测噪声门限增高,旁瓣电平增大,从而淹没目标信号。利用矢量空间的最小二乘算法抑制目标通道中的直达波信号,针对计算速度问题,提出了改进算法。仿真结果表明,该算法能够明显抑制直达波信号,同时该算法也可以完成弱目标的检测,因而具有重要的应用意义。     

基于自相关函数的信噪比估计方法

信噪比估计,作为衡量信道质量的标准,为许多自适应技术提供所需的信道信息。精确的信道质量估计值,可以有效提升这些技术的性能。研究表明,信号经过采样、发送波形成行后其自相关函数具有周期性。根据噪声和发送信号两者自相关函数的不同特性,提出一种利用自相关函数进行信噪比估计方法。仿真结果表明,该方法具有较高的估计精度。     

一种稳健的循环平稳信号时延估计算法

基于信号循环平稳特性的时延估计算法具有较强的抗干扰和抗噪声能力,但循环频率误差时性能下降严重。针对这一问题,首先分析了循环频率误差对循环时延估计算法中,循环互相关函数相关法估计性能的影响,进而提出了一种对循环频率误差稳健的改进循环时延估计算法。改进算法通过两次搜索确定循环频率的真实值。仿真实验结果表明,改进算法可以有效地校正循环频率误差,最终使时延估计误差与无循环频率误差时基本相同。     

OFDM/OQAM系统信道估计改进方法

在基于导频的信道估计方法中,伪导频的功率决定了该信道估计方法的性能。为了提高OFDM/OQAM系统的信道估计精度,提高频谱效率,提出一种基于改进导频结构的信道估计方法。在原有导频结构的基础上,对其中功率最高的导频结构进行改进,并给出对应的信道估计方法。由于缺乏足够的接收信号先验知识,无法直接对信道进行估计。为了解决这一问题,提出一种预判决方法对接收信号进行估计,并通过迭代减小预判决引入的误差,提高估计精度。仿真结果表明,本文提出的导频结构具有更高的频谱效率和更好的信道估计性能。     

短波信道模型仿真实现及改进算法研究

针对短波信道多径、衰落、多普勒频移和频扩的特点,设计了一种以Watterson模型为基础的纯软件短波信道仿真算法,并应用Matlab进行仿真实现,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性.同时,就Watterson模型中各子路径的时间延迟和多普勒频移不是时变参数这一不足,提出了模型的改进方案,将多径时延和多普勒频移建模为满足高斯分布的随机变量,从而更好地反映短波信道的时变特性,扩展了Watterson模型的适用条件和有效带宽,并进行了仿真验证.该算法既适应于全数字化短波通信系统的仿真,又可以方便地应用到短波信道半实物模拟器中,具有重要的实际意义.     

一种特殊结构双基地雷达的空射诱饵信号特征

分析了空射诱饵的使用特点和威胁特征,建立了一种特殊的双基地雷达-单发双收结构下的发射信号和接收信号模型。分析了空射诱饵信号增强设备发射信号与诱饵本体反射信号构成的接收站1接收信号,与仅接收诱饵本体反射信号的接收站2信号的时域、频域特点,证明很难从时频域区分两类信号。建立了雷达发射信号经诱饵本体反射后在两个接收站的时延差和多普勒频移差的模型,分析得出了信号时延差和多普勒频移差与诱饵运行时间和双基地雷达结构参量的关系,证明两个接收站的时延差和多普勒频移差具有稳定的关系。分析结果对于利用该类特殊结构的双基地雷达探测识别诱饵具有一定的参考价值。     

单信道时频重叠MPSK信号的调制识别方法

提出一种基于高阶循环累积量的调制识别算法,用于解决单信道两个时频重叠M PSK信号的调制识别问题。对接收到的重叠信号进行预处理,计算其四阶循环累积量,提取分类特征参数,采用最小误差准则算法实现时频重叠双信号的自动分类。理论分析和仿真试验结果均证明了算法的正确性和有效性。     

基于Butterworth分布的跳频信号参数估计

能够有效地估计接收到的跳频信号参数是干扰跳频通信的关键。针对接收到的未知任何先验参数的跳频信号,提出了一种基于Butterworth分布的跳频信号参数估计算法。由于Butterworth分布具有较好的时频聚集性和抑制交叉项性能,该算法能够在低信噪比条件下有效提取并估计出跳频信号的跳频周期、跳变时刻和跳频频率。仿真结果证明了该算法对跳频信号参数估计的有效性。     

低截获概率雷达信号的循环谱相关函数检测方法分析

给出了一些噪声、干扰及低截获概率雷达信号的循环谱相关函数 ,分析了其在噪声与干扰中检测的优越性 ;对循环谱相关函数与Wigner Ville分布、解线调、模糊函数进行了比较 ,分析了它们的一致性 ,并比较了循环谱相关函数的几种主要估计算法。从这些分析中可知 ,循环谱相关函数是检测低截获概率雷达信号的有效方法 ,抗干扰能力强 ,并具有实时处理的潜力和可能性     

基于时频分析的噪声去除

经典的数字信道化思想的实施都是建立在一组硬件滤波器构成的并行多路,虽然能实时处理,但随着处理数据带宽的增大和子信道频率分辨率的增加,设备开销将线性增长,整体可靠性也必然下降.基于信号的检测理论,在利用时频分析工具得到的时频图上进行信号检测,提出了检测去噪法.针对宽带数据背景噪声的特点,提出了噪声基底的3种估计算法:去大留小法、对数统计法和频移均值法,并线面结合对噪声基底进行平滑,实现了天电干扰的去除.通过实际接收到的某短波信号检验,证明了算法的有效性.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

The UK,interrogation and Iraq, 2003–2008

The UK’s interrogation operations during the conflict in Iraq (2003–2008) are often portrayed by the media as involving significant amounts of mistreatment. This article demonstrates that these practices are not necessarily representative of the UK’s interrogation operations across this conflict. In doing so it contributes to the limited literature on the practice of interrogation and on the UK’s combat operations in Iraq. The UK’s interrogation capability, and therefore its intelligence-gathering capability, is shown to have rested primarily with the military’s Joint Forward Interrogation Team (JFIT). The JFIT suffered from limitations to the number, training and experience of its interrogators and interpreters. It is argued that maintaining a permanent, higher level of preparedness for interrogation by the British armed forces is desirable.     

Remembering and forgetting Mirambo: Histories of war in modern Africa

ABSTRACT

While the study of organised violence is considered essential to understanding the history of the West, and accordingly imbued with various layers of meaning and remembrance, war is widely regarded as inimical to the modern nation in Africa and stable development more broadly. Using examples drawn from primarily from East Africa, this paper considers the ways in which warfare in the deeper (‘precolonial’) past has been framed and envisioned in recent decades, in particular by governments whose own roots lie in revolutionary armed struggle and who began life as guerrilla movements. While in some cases particular elements of the deeper past were indeed mobilised in pursuit of contemporary political goals, in many other scenarios histories of precolonial violence were beheld as problematic and unworthy of remembrance. This paper highlights the paradox and ambiguity which has attended the memory of key aspects of Africa’s deeper past.