装备剩余寿命预测平行仿真中模型动态演化方法

装备平行仿真中的一个重要概念是实时数据驱动的模型动态演化,但是至今仍缺乏具体应用领域的实现方法。以带未知离散冲击的混合退化装备剩余寿命预测为背景,以多态Wiener状态空间模型为演化对象,提出一种装备平行仿真中模型动态演化方法,包括基于交互多模型强跟踪滤波的模型软切换和基于期望最大化算法的模型参数在线估计,并实现了基于平行仿真的装备剩余寿命实时预测。利用某轴承退化数据进行实例研究,结果表明该方法能有效提高仿真逼真度,剩余寿命预测的准确度较高、不确定性较小,具有较高工程应用价值。     

退化速率跟踪粒子滤波在剩余使用寿命预测中的应用

毋庸置疑,剩余使用寿命预测对于设备的健康管理越来越重要。近年来粒子滤波方法被越来越多地应用到设备寿命预测技术当中,这是因为粒子滤波方法能更好地解决非线性非高斯系统滤波问题,而且能够获得不确定度信息。但该方法的预测性能却过度依赖于预测模型,并且对于模型参数的初始分布也比较敏感,这在一定程度上限制了粒子滤波预测方法的进一步发展。针对基本粒子滤波预测方法的不足,提出了一种基于退化速率跟踪粒子滤波的通用预测框架,以历史观测数据的退化速率统计规律作为指导来跟踪目标数据的退化速率,实现对粒子滤波预测方法的简化,并将该方法用于轴承和锂离子电池的剩余使用寿命预测,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于退化速率跟踪粒子滤波的剩余使用寿命预测框架

毋庸置疑,剩余使用寿命预测对于设备的健康管理越来越重要。近年来粒子滤波方法被越来越多地应用到设备寿命预测技术当中,这是因为粒子滤波方法能更好的解决非线性非高斯系统滤波问题,而且能够获得不确定度信息。但该方法的预测性能却过度依赖于预测模型,并且对于模型参数的初始分布也比较敏感,这在一定程度上限制了粒子滤波预测方法的进一步发展。本文针对基本粒子滤波预测方法的不足,提出了一种基于退化速率跟踪粒子滤波的通用预测框架,以历史观测数据的退化速率统计规律作为指导来跟踪目标数据的退化速率,实现对粒子滤波预测方法的简化。并将该方法用于轴承和锂离子电池的剩余使用寿命预测,验证了方法的有效性。     

基于遗传算法的准维燃烧模型修正方法

针对目前准维燃烧模型不能客观反映高原柴油机工作过程的问题,提出了一种基于计算机智能仿真模型修正方法.采用正交试验的极差分析,计算并识别出准维燃烧模型的经验参数对柴油机性能影响的主次顺序,并确定为待修正参数.基于遗传算法,以试验数据为依据,对柴油机准维燃烧模型进行修正.修正后的柴油机工作过程模型误差在4％以内,为深入开展高原环境柴油机性能研究奠定了基础.     

坦克行进间炮耳轴倾斜角预测模型研究

针对坦克行进间具有振荡性的火炮耳轴倾斜角数据,提出了一种改进的灰色预测模型。提出了一种数据变换方法,能够将原始序列处理为正数单调序列,使其符合灰色模型对建模数据的需求;利用小区间的矩形面积和重构模型背景值,并在基于无偏性的准则下研究了重构背景值中的参数与模型参数之间的关系,提出了一个背景值中参数的直接表达式;利用两种参数的关系,构建了改进的灰色微分方程,通过求解得到了优化的预测公式。经过实例分析,改进模型预测结果的平均相对误差为3.53%,能够较为准确地预测炮耳轴倾斜角的变化情况。     

高光谱影像的近邻加权拉普拉斯降维方法

针对高光谱影像数据中存在信息冗余和非线性结构的现象,以及数据分布不均匀时拉普拉斯特征映射近邻点选择不恰当的问题,提出了一种基于Cam加权距离的拉普拉斯改进算法,用于高光谱影像数据降维以压缩数据量并提高分类精度。首先对波段分组去除奇异波段,然后用基于Cam加权距离的拉普拉斯特征映射算法对剩余数据降维,最后将结果输入最小距离分类器进行高光谱影像分类。通过Indiana Pines数据集进行验证,实验结果表明:与线性降维主成分分析法和非线性降维拉普拉斯特征映射相比,基于Cam加权距离的拉普拉斯特征映射算法分类精度更高。     

基于SOM网络信息融合的飞机作战效能评估

根据SOM自组织神经网络原理,构建了基于多参数信息融合的飞机作战效能评估模型,并采用可视化方法对飞机空战效能进行了评估。通过效能评估模型的二维拓扑有序映射图和单参数灰度图,可以清晰地观察到不同型号飞机的作战效能特征、参数相关性特征、参数变化趋势和对飞机作战效能的相似性预测。     

双二体几何切面法及天梯地月转移轨道分析

双二体模型是求解地月转移轨道的重要基础。与传统的采用月球影响球入口点经纬度的描述方式不同,本文提出一种基于飞行轨道面参数来描述地月转移轨道的双二体模型几何表达方式,结合一维非线性方程求根算法Brent算法和Lambert原理,将原始三维球面搜索算法降维成为二维圆上的搜索算法,可以高效求解地月转移轨道的形状参数。为避免重复计算,将转移轨道窗口计算的轨道多变量搜索问题解耦分解成两个子问题——转移轨道形状参数求解问题和转移轨道面空间定向问题,降低了问题的求解维度。形成两级并行计算算法,充分发挥多核计算机算力,加速计算过程。仿真结果表明,基于提出的并行圆锥曲线几何切面法,可以成功应用于计算天梯地月转移轨道分析。     

基于灰色Verhulst优化模型的电子装备故障预测方法

针对平均故障工作时间数据样本量少的特点,提出利用灰色Verhulst模型预测电子装备故障;又针对灰色Verhulst模型存在预测精度不高的问题,研究了灰色Verhulst模型参数的优化方法。通过实际试验数据对2个模型进行了仿真验证,并基于灰色关联度对2个模型的模拟预测精度进行了比较分析,结果表明：基于灰色Verhulst优化模型适合于电子装备故障预测,并具有较高的拟合预测精度。     

基于灰色理论的电子系统状态预测方法

电子系统的状态预测是利用其历史信息来实现系统未来状态和趋势的估计,以防止灾难性故障的发生,对于推动视情维修具有重要意义。针对典型模拟滤波电路,通过分析其关键测试信号的特点,研究了基于灰色理论的状态预测方法,并针对该预测模型的不足,设计粒子群算法选择最佳预测维数,设计新陈代谢法使该模型参数在线改变,从而建立符合电子系统信号特点的灰色预测模型。将该模型与ARAM模型比较,实验结果验证了该模型具有较好的状态预测精度和预测性能。     

An Unlikely Alliance: Portuguese and South African Airpower in Angola, 1968–1974

The war that Portugal was obliged to fight in Africa began in 1961 and immediately stretched the resources of its armed forces. Nowhere was this thinness more apparent than in policing the vast territory of Angola. The east and southeast of Angola were particularly vulnerable, as the area was a vast, sparsely populated region characterised by enormous featureless plains or chanas covered in tall grass and broken by an extensive river system and mountainous forests. The only military solution to policing these immense spaces was aviation and specifically the helicopter that could carry troops into battle, protect them with a gunship and bring them home when the operation was concluded. The immediate problem for the Portuguese Air Force (Força Aérea Portuguesa or FAP) in Angola and elsewhere was a scarcity of helicopters. The solution was an alliance with South Africa, which had a strong inventory of Alouette IIIs, to help in policing the east. This move was likewise in the interest of South Africa, as its threat came from Zambia through south-eastern Angola. This article examines the strategic and tactical development of this unusual, cross-cultural alliance and the symbiotic relationship that resulted in destruction of the enemies of both in Angola.     

国内外结构钢焊条研究的现状与发展

本文主要介绍了国外焊条的现状和发展趋势,包括焊条的高韧性、高效率、低尘低毒和耐吸潮性能,为国内的焊条研究提供了参考依据。     

A Sign of Victory?: ‘Scottish Swords’ and Other Weapons in the Possession of the ‘Auld Innemie’

Many late medieval documents, notably inventories of arms and armour, of Englishmen contain references to ‘Scottish swords’ and other weapons. What did the compilers of these documents mean when they described a weapon as ‘Scottish’? How did such weapons come to be in the possession of these men? This article will attempt to explain this phenomenon drawing on primary documentary sources and surviving material culture from Glasgow Museums’ collections and others, as well as artworks from the period.     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Cyberpower in Strategic Affairs: Neither Unthinkable nor Blessed

Abstract

This article explores the effect of connectivity on strategic affairs. It argues that the effect on war's character is potentially, although not yet shown in practice, considerably large. Its effect upon the distribution of power among states in the international system is small, contrary to the claims of ‘cyberwar’ alarmists. All told, however, its effect upon strategic affairs is complex. On the one hand, it represents a significant advance in the ‘complexification’ of state strategies, understood in the sense of the production of intended effects. On the other hand, strategists today – still predominantly concerned with the conflicts and confrontations of states and organised military power – are generally missing the power which non-traditional strategic actors, better adapted to the network flows of the information age, are beginning to deploy. These new forms of organization and coercion will challenge the status quo.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.