异步电机矢量控制中转子磁链的直接观测方法

以异步电机的等效电路为模型提出了在电机的外部构造转子磁链物理观测器的方法.理论上证明了在选取合适参数之后,用该物理观测器可以直接得到感应电机转子磁链的大小与相位,该方法用于异步电机的矢量控制系统,具有很好的实时性,且避免复杂的数字运算.     

基于MPC和ESO-DO的四旋翼轨迹跟踪控制

针对扰动作用和模型不确定性下四旋翼无人机精确轨迹跟踪控制问题,提出了一种主动干扰抑制和模型预测控制(Model Predictive Control, MPC)策略。模型预测控制器通过扩张状态观测器(Extended State Observer, ESO)和扰动观测器(Disturbance Observer, DO)来估计和补偿干扰,从而实现位置环精确控制。在存在外部干扰和参数不确定性的情况下,通过仿真实验,证明了所提出的方法提高了对建模误差和干扰的鲁棒性,同时实现了对参考轨迹的平滑跟踪。     

基于迭代学习观测器的卫星姿态滑模容错控制

为解决卫星上反作用飞轮存在安装偏差、故障及外部干扰情况下的姿态控制问题,提出了一种基于迭代学习观测器的姿态容错控制方法。该方法通过设计迭代学习观测器,以较小的计算量实现对执行机构发生的故障以及安装偏差进行精确的估计。并利用观测器的观测结果设计滑模控制器,使处于外部干扰条件下的卫星系统在执行机构发生故障的情况下可以快速稳定地完成姿态机动任务。进一步基于Lyapunov稳定性定理证明了迭代学习观测器及控制器的全局渐近稳定性。针对反作用飞轮存在不确定性及故障的情况下进行仿真,仿真结果表明,与同类容错控制方法相比,所提方法可以更加快速精确地对故障进行估计并完成姿态控制。     

离散型随机BAM神经网络时滞分布依赖全局指数稳定性

研究一类具有随机时滞与随机干扰的离散型BAM神经网络的全局指数稳定性,所建模型同时考虑离散时滞变化区间与分布概率对稳定性的影响．通过构造新的Lyapunov泛函并结合线性矩阵不等式（LMI）方法,得到了均方意义下依赖于时滞分布的全局指数稳定性条件．     

一种含扰动项的非线性系统执行器故障估计方法

现代控制系统的安全性与可靠性是各领域研究的热点之一,系统故障诊断与估计的方法越来越引起人们的重视.针对一类含有外部扰动的非线性系统,研究了系统执行器故障估计问题.通过设计一种增广系统观测器对原系统中的执行器故障进行估计;考虑到系统中的非线性扰动项,利用线性矩阵不等式(LMI)方法给出了观测器存在的充分条件并保证误差系统渐近稳定.同时,通过设定性能指标减少了外部扰动对执行器故障估计的影响;通过数值算例验证了执行器故障估计方法的有效性,表明该估计方法能够较好的对系统中的执行器故障进行鲁棒估计.     

基于ESO的随动负载模拟器控制策略

由于随动负载模拟器中存在着位置扰动、摩擦以及间隙等非线性影响因素,常见的线性控制方法难以得到较好的控制效果,故提出了基于扩展状态观测器的CMAC前馈分数阶滑模控制策略。利用系统可测量参数,借助于扩展状态观测器观测出非线性扰动;借用双幂次趋近律分数阶滑模控制器,消除参数不确定性带来的干扰,同时又能够降低滑模“抖动”的影响;并采用非线性量化的小脑模型关节控制器作为前馈控制,提高输出的快速性。通过仿真实验验证了该方法的可行性,有助于提高随动负载模拟器的响应速度和稳定性。     

基于状态观测器的混沌系统鲁棒同步设计

研究了在有界干扰情况下一类非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器设计问题。基于Sylvester矩阵方程的参数化解,将非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器设计问题转化为带有约束条件的优化问题,通过解决该优化问题得到鲁棒同步状态观测器的增益矩阵,从而达到了干扰信号解耦目的。数值算例及其仿真结果表明:该非线性反馈混沌系统的鲁棒同步状态观测器的设计方法是简单有效的。     

一种变质心高速旋转炮弹鲁棒姿态控制律

针对采用变质心技术的高速旋转炮弹的姿态控制问题,提出一种基于扩张状态观测器的动态面控制方法。根据由弹体和单滑块组成的多体系统的特点,建立了系统的姿态动力学模型,并对其进行了合理的简化。将系统的滚转通道引起的强耦合、建模误差及外部扰动等视为未知不确定干扰,并且考虑由于炮弹尺寸限制而引起的多体系统控制输入(滑块位移)的有限性,设计了扩张状态观测器和辅助系统,分别对系统的干扰进行观测以及处理控制输入的有限性,综合动态面控制技术设计了姿态控制律,最后基于李雅普诺夫稳定性原理证明了控制器的稳定性。仿真结果表明,该控制器能够在克服干扰的前提下快速稳定地跟踪指令信号,具有良好的控制精度和鲁棒性。     

飞行器外部磁场干扰补偿的预处理

为了缩短飞行器外部磁场干扰的学习补偿时间,提出了飞行器外部磁场补偿的预处理方法,以简化飞行器在空中的学习补偿过程.该方法利用飞行器外部磁场的特点,将恒定磁场、感应磁场和涡流磁场分离成两部分.先在地面通过测量分别计算出外部磁场干扰的磁场系数,在空中直接用求得的系数进行磁场补偿,再通过自适应滤波滤除剩余干扰.实验表明:该方...     

基于干扰观测器的高超声速飞行器Terminal滑模控制

针对高超声速飞行器控制系统纵向平面轨迹跟踪问题,提出了一种基于干扰观测器的终端(Terminal)滑模控制器设计方法。将结构的弹性振动视为刚体动力学系统中的不确定因素,采用Terminal滑模控制方法设计速度和高度控制器。为增强控制器的鲁棒性,设计了一种非线性干扰观测器对模型不确定项进行自适应估计和补偿。仿真实验表明,该控制器对模型不确定性和气动弹性影响具有鲁棒性,能够实现对速度和高度参考输入的稳定跟踪。     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.