Strategic outsourcing under technology spillovers

We study a supply chain in which an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) and a contract manufacturer (CM) compete in the finished goods market. The OEM can decide whether to outsource the intermediate good, a critical component for producing the finished good, from the CM or make in‐house production. Technology transition improves the CM's production efficiency, and it can take two different forms: a direct technology transfer from the OEM to the CM or technology spillovers through outsourcing from the OEM to the CM. We document the possibility of strategic outsourcing, that is, the CM supplies the intermediate good to the OEM when she is less efficient than the OEM's in‐house production. We find that technology spillovers can strengthen the incentive for strategic outsourcing. Furthermore, compared with direct technology transfers, outsourcing coupled with technology spillovers may generate more technology transition. Outsourcing is a particularly appropriate channel for implicit collusion when the OEM is not very efficient with the production of the intermediate good. Our results suggest that ex post competition on the finished goods can create room for ex ante collaboration and provide some implications on the OEM's outsourcing strategies when facing a competitive CM.© 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 61: 501–514, 2014     

The Demand for Turkish Defence Expenditure

Although a number of studies concerning Turkish defence-growth relation have been published in recent years, little attention is given the demand for Turkish defence expenditure. This is an important issue for understanding which variables contribute to the determination of the demand for military expenditure. However, it is difficult to develop a general theory or a standard empirical approach for the determination of the demand military expenditure. This study models and estimates the demand for Turkish defence expenditure for the period 1951-1998 using autoregressive distributed lag approach to cointegration (ARDL) following the methodology outlined in Pesaran and Shin (1999). This procedure can be applied regardless of the stationary properties of the variables in the sample and allows for inferences on long-run estimates, which is not possible under alternative cointegration procedures. The findings suggest that Turkish defence spending is determined by NATO's defence spending, Greece's defence spending and some security considerations.     

分布式环形网络测发控系统故障恢复时间模型

测发控系统是武器系统中的重要组成部分.提出了一种基于分布式冗余协议(DRP)的测发控系统实现设想,避免了主从式网络中风险高度集中在主站的问题.在对DRP分布式环形网络冗余协议故障诊断和恢复机理进行详细分析的基础上,建立DRP故障恢复时间模型,根据该模型和控制系统采样周期的关系,分别进行环形网络化控制系统丢包概率分析.     

一种适于片上路由器的自适应缓冲调整策略

在典型的片上网络路由节点中,来自不同方向的报文被存储在相互独立的缓冲资源中。在网络负载不均衡的情况下,某些方向的报文将很快填满该方向的缓冲,而其他方向仍可能有较多的缓冲资源处于空闲状态,这样就导致了网络中的缓冲资源利用率不高,进而影响片上网络的整体性能。提出了一种自适应的片上缓冲调整策略,能够根据网络负载情况动态调节缓冲结构,有效地提高了缓冲资源的利用率。在90nmCMOS工艺下设计实现了多端口共享缓冲资源的片上网络路由器,实验结果表明,在负载不均衡的网络中,提出的路由器能够带来性能改进及功耗降低;在达到相同性能的情况下,新路由器的面积较典型路由器减少了20.3%,而其缓冲功耗节约了41%左右。     

冠脉搭桥术用 CO2 激光低能输出方法研究

弱ＣＯ_２激光能量的输出及控制是ＣＯ_２激光冠脉搭桥术的核心技术之一。本文介绍了一种利用普通医用ＣＯ_２激光器获得弱激光能量输出的技术与方法。该方法具有激光输出功率稳定,并可调、输出光斑上能量密度均匀,光斑大小可控的特点,它很好地满足了搭桥仪对激光输出参数的要求;该方法还可应用于其它弱ＣＯ_２激光医疗仪器中。文中对设计原理进行了分析,并给出了设计实例。     

The impact of demand uncertainty on product line design under endogenous substitution

The existing product line design literature devotes little attention to the effect of demand uncertainty. Due to demand uncertainty, the supply‐demand mismatch is inevitable which leads to different degrees of lost sales depending on the configuration of product lines. In this article, we adopt a stylized two‐segment setup with uncertain market sizes and illustrate the interplay between two effects: risk pooling that mitigates the impact of demand uncertainty and market segmentation that facilitates consumer differentiation. Compared to downward substitution, inducing bidirectional substitution through product line decisions including quality levels and prices can yield greater risk pooling effects. However, we show that the additional benefit from the risk pooling effect cannot compensate for the reduced market segmentation effect. We demonstrate that the presence of demand uncertainty can reduce the benefit of market segmentation and therefore the length of product lines in terms of the difference between products. We also propose three heuristics that separate product line and production decisions; each of these heuristics corresponds to one particular form of demand substitution. Our numerical studies indicate that the best of the three heuristics yields performance that is close to optimality. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 143–157, 2015     

Optimal pricing and scheduling control of product shipping

In this article, we seek to understand how a capacity‐constrained seller optimally prices and schedules product shipping to customers who are heterogeneous on willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to wait (WTW). The capacity‐constrained seller does not observe each customer's WTP and WTW and knows only the aggregate distributions of WTP and WTW. The seller's problem is modeled as an M/M/N_s queueing model with multiclass customers and multidimensional information screening. We contribute to the literature by providing an optimal and efficient algorithm. Furthermore, we numerically find that customers with a larger waiting cost enjoys a higher scheduling priority, but customers with higher valuation do not necessarily get a higher scheduling priority. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 62: 215–227, 2015     

多准则下反导作战单、多遭遇点预测模型

整个反导射击过程可以简单看作一个基于预测的遭遇点起始的,不断重复、修正的过程。分析遭遇点预测的时间和空间前提,并给出遭遇点预测的3个基本准则;在多准则下建立了单遭遇点预测模型,给出了模型公式中未知量的转化方法;分射击-观察-射击和射击-射击两种情况建立了多准则下多遭遇点预测和优化模型,并给出了拦截弹最晚发射时间的计算方法;就观察时机对遭遇点预测的影响进行了分析与建模。部分研究属于探索性的研究,相关结论对指控模型开发和实施连续反导,从方法和作战理念方面提供了一些参考。     

任意分布随机数的FPGA实现

为了满足数字电路板的随机测试需求,在Simulink/DSP Builder中建立了产生任意分布随机数的模型,并在FPGA上进行了半实物仿真和性能分析,结果表明该模型达到了设计要求,具有实用价值。