An historical review of US defense strategy from Vietnam to operation Iraqi freedom

Facing nearly half a billion dollars in spending cuts over the next five years, US defense planners and strategists must simultaneously rebuild a war-weary Army weakened from over a decade of war, build new sea and air capabilities for the Pacific theater, and reduce manpower, procurement, and contractor budgets while promoting innovation. The US defense department is embarking on what may be the most sweeping period of defense transformation in recent memory. This article reviews the history of American defense transformation, focusing on an important but largely overlooked period of military innovation that began in the shadow of Vietnam and ended with troops fighting through blinding sandstorms at night on the road to Baghdad. The multifaceted transformation strategy conceived in the 1970s paved the way for a military revolution in the 1990s and enabled unprecedented battlefield adaptation in the 2000s. After reviewing the revolutionary changes that led to American dominance in conventional warfare in the 1990s, the article examines US transformation policies in the 2000s to inform defense strategy and planning efforts in the 2010s.     

基于时频原子分解的地雷目标特征提取及分类

利用车载超宽带地表穿透雷达进行大区域地雷探测在军事领域上有重要的应用价值,能否提取稳定一致的地雷特征是其实用化的关键.提出一种基于时频原子分解的地雷目标特征提取和分类方法,该方法以地雷目标的四维散射函数为基础获取二维时频图像,在对时频图像详细分析的基础上,通过时频原子对地雷目标一维距离向剖面进行分解,得到能够完整描述地雷时频域特征的多个原子,将这些原子作为特征向量送入分层分类器.通过实测数据验证,该方法适用于车载超宽带地表穿透雷达探测地雷.同传统基于时域或频域的特征提取算法相比,该方法提取的特征更加稳定,能有效改善地雷探测性能.     

舰船交流环形电力网络短路电流计算

根据舰船交流环形电力网络的特点,提出了一种简单有效的短路电流计算方法。该算法以电站为独立单元,依据网络结构和系统参数分别对发电机和电动机进行等效,利用星网等值变换将环形电力网络简化为各电源直接与短路故障点通过阻抗相连的形式,然后通过短路电流改进算法计算故障点的电流。仿真结果表明,该算法准确度较高,满足实际工程要求,为复杂结构独立电力系统的短路电流计算开辟了一条新途径。     

距离伪量测的空基平台单站无源定位算法

针对空中观测单站平台对海面、地面目标的测向定位问题,提出一种基于距离伪量测的最小二乘-不敏卡尔曼滤波(LSE-UKF)两阶段滤波算法。首先利用单次的测角信息以及目标离地高度的约束条件计算出目标的距离,采用最小二乘法对距离量进行滤波,得到较为准确的距离量。进一步将滤波所得距离量视为伪量测信息,结合观测所得的角度信息进行不敏卡尔曼滤波。仿真实验表明该算法提高了定位精度并且具有较快收敛速度。     

任职教育背景下推进教育教学转型的思考

推进院校教育教学转型是新形势下新的课题,也是一项复杂的系统工程。到底“怎么转”、“转什么”,是关系院校建设发展一个重大而现实的课题。从确立转型理念、把握转型规律、聚合转型力量三个方面进行了探析和阐述,力求为推进转型发展提供借鉴与参考。     

Does Health Spending Crowd out Defense in the United States? Evidence from Wavelet Multiresolution Analysis

Abstract

This study investigates the association between defense and health spending using multi-resolution analysis incorporating the structural change model. Our empirical results suggested that a negative correlation between defense and health spending persists over the entire period of 1941–2013 in the very long-run (over 16 years cycle), but there is a change in correlation between defense and health spending in the short-run (2–4 years cycle), medium-run (4–8 years cycle), and long-run (8–16 years cycle) during the same period. In particular, there appears to have been a trade-off relationship between defense and health spending during the ex-Korean War period, but there was a complementary relationship between defense and health spending during the post-Korean War period. The crowding-out effect of health spending on defense spending during the period when the Affordable Care Act was put into effect relies on the strength of the positive correlation in the long-run (8–16 years cycle) and negative correlation in the short-run (2–4 years cycle) and very long-run (over 16 years cycle).     

舰船维修Hedonic价格指数模型的构建

针对舰船维修具有的异质性特点导致“纯样本匹配法”并不适用于舰船维修价格指数编制的问题,首先提出采用特征价格理论,选取舰船维修特征属性并给出了量化处理原则;然后,利用合并数据特征价格建模方法,建立了舰船维修线性Hedonic价格指数模型,并针对线性模型拟合精度不高等问题,通过多种形式的Box-Cox转换,构建了舰船维修的非线性Hedonic价格指数模型,得出了舰船维修Hedonic价格指数,以反映舰船维修的“纯价格变化”趋势.最后,与通过“纯样本匹配法”获取的价格指数进行比较,并解释了二者的差异性.     

美军训练转型的特点及启示

美军是世界新军事变革的积极倡导者和先行者,其以信息化为核心的全面军事转型计划启动早,成效明显,具有丰富的实践经验。借鉴美军的训练转型经验,对于准确理解和把握战斗力生成模式转变的特点规律,探索战斗力生成模式转变的方法途径,破除制约战斗力生成的瓶颈,加快推进战斗力生成模式转变,提升信息化条件下的作战能力,具有一定的理论和现实意义。     

基于UKF的自适应网格交互式多模型算法

针对非线性观测条件下的机动目标跟踪问题,基于机动目标的协同转弯（CT）模型,采用无迹卡尔曼滤波（UKF）方法和自适应网格（AG）的模型集自适应策略,研究了一种变结构交互式多模型算法,即：基于UKF的自适应网格交互式多模型（UKF-AGIMM）算法。对二维机动目标跟踪的仿真结果表明,本算法与相应的固定结构交互式多模型算法相比,可以解决固定结构多模型算法存在的问题,有效提高多模型算法的精度和费效比,缩短计算时间,且适合工程应用     

广播星历参数星上自主拟合算法

导航星座自主导航要求卫星能自主生成导航电文,针对星载计算机的处理能力有限,引入基于遗忘因子的递推最小二乘估计算法实现快速拟合广播星历。针对导航卫星轨道偏心率近似为0,在数据拟合过程中会导致法矩阵(HTH)奇异的问题,提出基于无奇异变换的广播星历参数拟合算法,引入无奇异轨道根数代替经典开普勒根数,迭代拟合得到改进广播星历参数,再将结果归一化到基于开普勒根数的广播星历参数。利用仿真算例验证了广播星历星上自主拟合算法的合理性。