Approximation results for min‐max path cover problems in vehicle routing

This article studies a min‐max path cover problem, which is to determine a set of paths for k capacitated vehicles to service all the customers in a given weighted graph so that the largest path cost is minimized. The problem has wide applications in vehicle routing, especially when the minimization of the latest service completion time is a critical performance measure. We have analyzed four typical variants of this problem, where the vehicles have either unlimited or limited capacities, and they start from either a given depot or any depot of a given depot set. We have developed approximation algorithms for these four variants, which achieve approximation ratios of max{3 ‐ 2/k,2}, 5, max{5 ‐ 2/k,4}, and 7, respectively. We have also analyzed the approximation hardness of these variants by showing that, unless P = NP , it is impossible for them to achieve approximation ratios less than 4/3, 3/2, 3/2, and 2, respectively. We have further extended the techniques and results developed for this problem to other min‐max vehicle routing problems.© 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2010     

蚁群算法在车辆巡回保障中的应用研究

应用蚁群算法（ACA）解决车辆巡回保障问题，建立了车辆巡回保障优化数学模型，对轨迹更新规则进行了重新设定，给出了算法的实现步骤。通过算例分析，将计算结果与遗传算法（GA）和粒子群算法（PSO）作了比较，对模型和算法的正确性、高效性和适用性进行了验证。实验结果表明，该算法可以快速、有效求得车辆巡回保障的优化解，得到车辆巡回保障过程中的较优方案。     

面向战术互联网子网路由协议与网络业务的仿真分析

战术互联网是美军的新一代通信系统,它实现了美军三大传统通信系统的互联互通,在战场信息的传递与交互上至关重要。移动Ad hoc网络技术是战术互联网中的关键技术,再加上战场中的节点移动性强,高效稳定的路由算法是Ad hoc网络技术的重点和难点。战术互联网末端网络的主要业务是战场态势信息的交互以及话音通信,主要分析战场环境下不同射频功率和不同路由协议对战术互联网末端Ad hoc网络数据和话音业务性能的影响。     

求解CVRP问题的一种改进启发式蚁群算法

针对蚁群算法求解CVRP问题时收敛速度慢、求解质量不高的缺点,提出了一种改进启发式蚁群算法。该算法借鉴蚁群系统和基于排列的蚂蚁系统的优点设计信息素更新策略,既加强了对每次迭代最好解的利用,又避免了陷入局部最优;按一定比例使用基本方法和基于PFIH方法构造路径,扩大了算法的搜索空间;采用一种混合局部搜索算子,增强了算法局部寻优能力。实验结果表明,改进启发式蚁群算法可以大幅度减少车辆运行成本,具有较快的收敛速度。     

改进的蚁群算法及其在卫星网络路由计算中的应用

介绍了蚁群算法的原理,然后对现有蚁群算法进行了一些改进,使它能够快速地收敛以满足高速变化的卫星网络拓扑结构.采用改进的虚拟拓扑策略解决了卫星网络拓扑高速变换的问题,将改进的蚁群算法应用于其上,并给出了相应的性能评估.所提出的改进的虚拟拓扑策略,能够大大减少一个系统周期内卫星网的时间片个数.应用于此基础上的改进的蚁群算法也体现了较好的性能.     

基于活跃度和任务的目标导向VANETs路由算法

针对车载自组织网络(VANETs)中节点移动速度快、节点任务分布不均、网络拓扑结构不稳定等特点,提出了一种基于节点活跃度和任务的目标导向VANETs路由算法GATRA(goal-oriented routing algorithm based on activity and task)。该算法根据当前运动节点的运动方向与目标节点的关系,以及任务饱和程度,综合考虑采用消息携带还是转发策略,以节约传输平均时延。在选择中继节点时,综合考虑邻接节点的位置、运动速度和方向等影响因素,设计节点活跃度的计算方法,作为选择中继节点的策略,从而提高了消息传输的成功率。仿真结果表明,与当前典型的VANETs路由算法相比,GATRA算法在传输成功率和平均延迟时间上具有较大提升。     

Approximation of multiclass queueing networks with highly variable arrivals under deterministic routing

In this paper, we present the heavy‐traffic bottleneck phenomenon under multiclass deterministic routing and discuss how it can be addressed by decomposition approximation. Examples show that Bitran and Tirupati's method and Whitt's enhancements for deterministic routing may not properly account for this phenomenon. We propose refinements to these methods based on Whitt's variability functions. Results of numerical experiments on simple networks and semiconductor manufacturing process show significant improvement in the approximation of expected waiting time at bottleneck stations. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2005.     

基于栅格分层的逐栅格汇流算法并行化研究

分布式水文模型中的逐栅格汇流算法计算量大,需要借助并行计算以满足大流域长历时模拟的要求。针对目前鲜有对基于隐式有限差分的逐栅格汇流算法进行并行计算研究的情况,基于栅格分层的思想提出一种适用于共享内存并行计算环境的逐栅格汇流并行算法。该算法首先根据流向进行栅格分层,使同一层中栅格的计算相互独立,然后将同一层中栅格的计算任务分配到多个计算单元并行计算。采用C++编程语言与OpenMP并行编程库实现了该算法,并选择河北省清水河流域为实验区,在不同数据规模(30m、90m、270m分辨率)、不同核数(2～20个)以及不同栅格分层方法的情况下对算法性能进行了测试。实验结果表明本文提出的并行算法具有较好的加速比和并行效率,且并行效率随数据规模的增大而增大。栅格分层方法对算法并行性能有明显影响,从上到下的分层方法比从下到上的方法具有更高的并行效率。     

抗毁网络多拓扑路由子层的免疫优化选择算法

针对现有多拓扑路由在多故障条件下无法有效进行故障恢复的现象,根据免疫理论中抗原与抗体相匹配的原理,提出一种多拓扑路由子层选择算法.该算法以最大限度保护通信业务为目标,将多故障情形与子层相匹配的过程看作抗体与抗原相结合的过程,使子层与故障在一定范围内最大程度地相似,并利用人工免疫算法进行寻优,提高了网络抗毁性.实验结果表明,该算法可使网络在多故障条件下的恢复能力得到提高.     

Index policies for the routing of background jobs

Arriving (generic) jobs may be processed at one of several service stations, but only when no other (dedicated) jobs are waiting there. We consider the problem of how to route these incoming background jobs to make best use of the spare service capacity available at the stations. We develop an approximative approach to Whittle's proposal for restless bandits to obtain an index policy for routing. The indices concerned are increasing and nonlinear in the station workload. A numerical study testifies to the strong performance of the index policies developed. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2004