基于改进的Mie散射理论计算SiC红外遮光剂对气凝胶辐射传热的影响

采用改进的Mie散射理论计算了SiC红外遮光剂对气凝胶辐射传热的影响,计算时考虑了气凝胶基质的吸收特性,并与经典的Mie散射理论结果进行了对比分析,发现遮光剂粒子粒径的大小对计算结果有较大影响。同时,运用改进的Mie散射理论计算了红外遮光剂粒子粒径和添加量对复合绝热材料辐射特性的影响,对粒径为0.877μm、1.9μm、3μm以及4μm,质量分数为15%、25%、35%的SiC红外遮光剂消光系数进行了对比分析,结果与已有实验结果结论一致,而且粒径大小1.9μm质量分数25%时遮光系数比其余选择下的性能优秀。     

空地ARM红外辐射特性研究

深入研究反辐射导弹的红外辐射特征,并建立其红外辐射简化模型.以导弹蒙皮、发动机尾喷管及尾喷焰作为导弹的主要红外辐射源,计算某型反辐射导弹在3μm～5μm和8 μm～12μm波段在不同方向上的红外辐射强度,并针对计算结果进行了分析,可为红外告警系统探测反辐射导弹提供一定理论依据.     

ZnGeP2 OPO产生4.3 μm波段窄线宽激光实验研究

为了设计4. 3μm波段大功率窄线宽中红外激光器,开展了2. 7μm激光抽运ZnGeP_2晶体光参量振荡(Optical Parametric Oscillation,OPO)技术产生4. 3μm波段窄线宽激光实验研究,对实验结果开展了详细的分析。抽运源为1064 nm抽运的KTiOPO_4OPO激光器输出的2. 7μm波段参量激光,KTiOPO_4OPO采用单谐振结构,将两块相同的KTiOPO_4晶体光轴相向放置以补偿走离效应,KTiOPO_4晶体按Ф=0°、θ=62°切割以获得波长2. 7μm波段激光输出,采用Ⅱ(B)类相位匹配(o→o+e)以利用较大的非线性系数。ZnGeP_2OPO采用单谐振结构,采用Ⅱ(B)类相位匹配(o→o+e)以获得窄线宽输出,ZnGeP_2晶体按Ф=0°、θ=68°切割以获得波长4. 3μm波段激光输出。在抽运光波长2. 7μm,脉冲能量为7. 5 m J,脉宽8. 6 ns的条件下,获得脉冲能量2. 12 m J,线宽30 nm,脉宽8. 7 ns的4. 26μm激光输出,光-光转换效率约为28. 3%,斜效率约为32. 6%,水平和垂直方向的光束质量M~2分别为6. 2和13. 5。     

反空空导弹的导引头研究

从反空空导弹的导引头对空空导弹的最大探测距离方面论述了其不适宜采用雷达导引头的原因,并指出了反空空导弹可采用红外导引头来跟踪空空导弹的可能性。同时又分析了空空导弹的红外辐射特性,说明了反空空导弹红外导引头探测器响应工作波段应为3μm～5μm。     

某型装甲车辆红外辐射信号的建模与仿真

为了对装甲车辆的红外辐射特征进行研究,提出了综合考虑排烟热气和外表面装甲红外辐射特征的红外辐射信号建模方法。首先,利用GT和CFX软件联合仿真得到了排烟热气的温度、压力的分布,考虑排烟热气对排烟管红外辐射的吸收作用,建立了装甲车辆排烟装置总体红外辐射数值计算模型;然后,利用CFX软件模拟了外表面装甲的温度分布,提出了装甲车辆外表面装甲的红外数值计算模型,并通过试验验证了该模型的正确性;最后,计算了装甲车辆全方向上3～5μm和8～14μm波带上的红外辐射强度,得到了目标辐射随方向的变化规律。结果表明:装甲车辆的红外辐射信号具有明显的方向性,在进行红外抑制设计时应提出针对性的措施。     

红外脉冲强光辐射产生技术研究

定向红外脉冲强光辐射技术是定向红外对抗中的关键技术,主要用来破坏敌方精确制导武器或C4I系统的红外传感器。本文进行了三种产生技术的研究,即爆炸激励惰性气体,多丝电爆激励惰性气体和多点同步爆燃药物。在同步爆燃产生技术的研究中,当有效载荷弹药为0.2kg时,在距离源50m处得到三个波段(1～3、3～5、8～12μm)的辐射强度为(2.00～3.55)×l05W／Sr,脉冲半高宽为约20ms的强红外辐射脉冲。     

红外隐身一维光子晶体结构反射特性的理论分析

利用传递矩阵方法，研究作为红外隐身材料的PbTe／Na3A1F6一维光子晶体结构在中远红外波段的反射特性。结果表明：PbTe／Na3AlF6复合光子晶体结构在3～5μm和8～14μm波段具有很高的反射率。这为装备在中远红外的隐身应用提供了有益的探索。     

高发射率远红外涂料的理论分析与实验研究

运用分子振动光谱、红外涂层模型和红外吸收系数迭加性等理论,对所选择的粘合剂、颜料和填料及其配制成的远红外涂料进行了详细的实验研究。结果表明,该种涂料是一种在8～12μm波段具有较强吸收性能的远红外涂料。     

临近空间红外系统对弹道导弹探测距离的估算

为了估算临近空间红外系统对助推段弹道导弹的探测距离,详细分析了弹道导弹及背景的红外辐射特性;针对基于表现对比度作用距离算法在适用性和计算精度方面的不足,引入以波数η为参量的辐射通量公式对其进行改进;通过仿真计算该系统在4.25μm~4.55μm波段对弹道导弹蒙皮、尾焰、尾喷口的探测距离,结果表明临近空间红外系统对助推段弹道导弹的探测距离可达5 000 km~38 000 km,该结论可为临近空间红外系统的设计提供数据支持。     

活化煤矸石改性混凝土的抗氯离子渗透性能

采用活化煤矸石作为矿物掺合料配制煤矸石混凝土,研究活化煤矸石对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响。运用机械-热复合活化方式对煤矸石进行活化,采用强度评价法评价活化煤矸石的活性,确定最佳激活条件;利用经最佳激活条件处理的煤矸石按照不同配比制成煤矸石混凝土,采用快速测定法对该混凝土进行抗氯离子性能测试。研究发现:球磨3 h并经800℃煅烧的煤矸石,抗压强度评价系数达到80.9%;经过该条件处理的煤矸石掺量为30%、水胶比为0.4、砂率为0.35时,氯离子扩散系数最小,为6.356 4μm2/s。通过数据拟合得出混凝土氯离子扩散系数同活化煤矸石掺量之间的函数关系,可用以确定一定范围内活化煤矸石掺量对改性混凝土中氯离子扩散系数的影响。     

利用镁金属化学还原法制备多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料机理研究

以二乙烯基苯和聚硅氧烷为原料经先驱体转化法制备了Si-O-C材料，利用镁金属在惰性气氛保护下高温还原制备了多孔的Si/Si-O-C负极材料。Si/Si-O-C负极材料的首次放电与充电容量分别为547.2和450.7mAh?g-1，第二次放电与充电容量分别为487.4和422.9mAh?g-1，库伦效率分别为82.3%、86.8%，材料具有较好的循环性能。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、能谱分析(EDX)、元素分析和场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)分析了多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料的组成、结构、形貌，从而研究利用镁金属化学还原法制备多孔Si/Si-O-C负极材料的机理。结果表明，镁金属在还原过程中生成MgO和Mg2SiO4等产物，经HCl洗涤后可形成多孔的Si/Si-O-C负极材料。Si/Si-O-C材料中的单质硅分布于多孔的Si-O-C相中，一定程度上可缓解Si在循环过程中产生的体积效应。利用镁金属还原Si-O-C材料制备多孔Si/Si-O-C材料是一种可行的制备方法。     

Research on Influence of Damping Material on Structure Performance of Torpedo

Reducing the self-noise and radiated noise of torpedo is an effective way to enhance its detection and concealment capabilities.After discussing the basic principle on noise and vibration control and main noise sources in torpedo,the application of damping treatment for noise and vibration absorption was proposed in this paper.Compared composite materials(damping and metal materials)used as segment joint,their different contributions to the damping performance of base structure were investigated.The results show that the damping material can be used as segment joint effectively in vibration control.Taking cantilever beam as an example,four different damping treatments were compared in natural frequency and damping loss factor,the results show the influences of different damping layer layouts on the structure damping performance,and offer a reference for the torpedo shell design.     

GNSS接收机离散化处理对解扩性能影响的研究

建立了扩频信号防混叠滤波、采样和量化与解扩输出关系的数学解析模型,推导得到解扩输出信噪比的解析表达式。分析与仿真表明,当量化位数大于等于4比特,解扩得到总的信噪比损失可以分解为由量化引起的损失和滤波加采样引起损失的乘积,且量化器最优限幅系数只与量化位数相关;当量化位数小于4比特时,信噪比损失在一定条件下可近似为量化损失和滤波加采样损失的乘积。当量化位数大于4比特、滤波器带宽大于5倍码率、采样频率大于4倍码率时,再增大上述参数引起的信噪比损失波动小于0.05dB,对解扩性能提升不明显。本文结论可为实用型GNSS接收机前端离散化处理优化设计提供理论指导。     

二维损耗和色散介质光子晶体传输特性的研究

将传输矩阵法(TMM)用于光子晶体传输特性的研究,采用Mur近似吸收边界和周期边界来截断计算区域,计算了以TM模正入射时,二维方格子光子晶体在完整周期结构下的透过率谱;在微波波段制作了光子晶体模型,并设计了实验装置,实验与数值模拟计算结果相符合;另外还研究了有损介质光子晶体、色散和吸收介质光子晶体的传输特性,及其对光子禁带的影响。     

High strain rate deformation of explosion-welded Ti6Al4V/pure titanium

Multilayer materials are widely used in military, automobile and aerospace industries. In this paper, the response of an explosion-welded Ti6Al4V/pure titanium with a flat interface to dynamic loading is investigated. An SHPB apparatus is used. Then, the dynamic behaviour of a bimetal sample is explored with a DIC system coupled to the SHPB. Result indicates that in the bimetal sample pure titanium is deformed and failed before Ti6Al4V. The stress curve of the sample shows two different peaks in a striker velocity higher than the 18.3 m/s. When the incident wave encounters the interface of the Ti6Al4V/pure titanium sample, only a small fraction of the wave is reflected owing to similar impedance. Using the direct interpretation stress-strain curve is unreasonable in this case because of unhomogenised plastic deformation. The microstructure of the sample is investigated after loading. An adiabatic shear band is formed in the pure titanium side before failure, and the interface of the sample remains intact under different loading conditions. The FEM simulation result for the sample is in good agreement with experimental observations.     

Sol-gel法制备纳米TiO_2凝胶过程的控制

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱物,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2凝胶。通过改变各原料的配比和实验条件对凝胶过程中的作用机理进行了探究。结果表明:当无水乙醇与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为12:1,蒸馏水与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为3:1,抑制剂与钛酸四丁酯的摩尔比为1:1～2:1,pH=2,最适水解温度为25℃时,制得了稳定的二氧化钛凝胶。     

Insensitive energetic microspheres DAAF/RDX fabricated by facile molecular self-assembly

Insensitive energetic materials are promising in the defense weapons field. However, energetic materials still suffer from great challenges and the concern about their safety limits their utilization. In this work, insensitive energetic explosive 3,3′-diamino-4,4′-azoxyfurazan/hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (DAAF/RDX) microspheres were fabricated by self-assembly method. Rod-like DAAF/RDX was prepared by mechanical ball milling for comparison. DAAF/RDX composites with different mass ratios (90:10, 80:20, and 70:30) were obtained. The morphologies and structures of as-obtained DAAF/RDX composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The results showed that DAAF/RDX microspheres exhibited regular shaped microspheres with sizes from 0.5 to 1.2 μm. There was no crystal transition during the modification process. The thermal properties of as-obtained materials were then evaluated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and materials studio software. DAAF/RDX microspheres showed an advanced decomposition peak temperature compared with rod-like DAAF/RDX. The binding energy and peak temperature values at zero β_i (T_P0) of DAAF/RDX (90:10) increased by 36.77 kJ/mol, 1.6 °C, and 58.11 kJ/mol, 12.3 °C compared to DAAF/RDX (80:20) and DAAF/RDX (70:30), indicating the better thermal stability of DAAF/RDX (90:10). The characteristic drop height (H₅₀) of DAAF/RDX (higher than 100 cm) composites was higher than that of raw RDX (25 cm), suggesting significant improvements in mechanical safety. The preparation of DAAF/RDX microspheres is promising for the desensitization of RDX and useful for the formation of other materials and future wide applications.     

生物附着及防治

由生物附着引起的船舶航速下降、过量耗费燃料（温室气体排放）及过高的船舶维修保养费用及船舶腐蚀等一系列问题,使得相关部门不得不耗费巨资来解决这一问题,同时也引起了生物学、流体力学、材料学及工程学等多个学科的专家们的共同关注。文章主要根据现阶段研究进展介绍了生物污损的过程及附着生物的分类．最后概述了防除船舶附着生物方法,并探讨了采用宏基因组学方法来尝试解决生物附着问题的可能性。     

高能离子在材料中输运的蒙特卡罗模拟

利用蒙特卡罗方法对高能离子在材料中的输运进行了计算机模拟研究 ,入射高能离子与靶材料的作用近似为核散射和电子作用两个独立的部分 ,核散射能量损失采用经典两体碰撞近似 ,通过对碰撞参数的随机抽样得到散射角 ,电子能量损失高能时采用Bethe-Bloch公式 ,低能时采用Lindhard -Scharff公式 ,中能时采用插值公式。最后对高能铁离子入射于铝、硅材料的输运进行了模拟计算 ,给出了模拟结果并进行了分析。     

Shock-induced reaction behaviors of functionally graded reactive material

In this paper, the ballistic impact experiments, including impact test chamber and impact double-spaced plates, were conducted to study the reaction behaviors of a novel functionally graded reactive material (FGRM), which was composed of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) and PTFE/Al/bismuth trioxide (Bi₂O₃). The experiments showed that the impact direction of the FGRM had a significant effect on the reaction. With the same impact velocity, when the first impact material was PTFE/Al/Bi₂O₃, compared with first impact material PTFE/Al, the FGRM induced higher overpressure in the test chamber and larger damaged area of double-spaced plates. The theoretical model, which considered the shock wave generation and propagation, the effect of the shock wave on reaction efficiency, and penetration behaviors, was developed to analyze the reaction behaviors of the FGRM. The model predicted first impact material of the FGRM with a higher shock impedance was conducive to the reaction of reactive materials. The conclusion of this study provides significant information about the design and application of reactive materials.