冲击波活化热压烧结氮化硅粉末

对Si3 N4粉末实现了三种不同压力的冲击波预先处理 ,而后采用三种不同的热压烧结条件制得Si3 N4陶瓷。运用SEM ,TEM ,HRTEM和XRD等手段分析了粉末和陶瓷的结构特性 ,同时测试了材料的性能。结果表明 :冲击波压力没有导致Si3 N4粉末的相变 ,TEM观察表明Si3 N4晶粒中有大量的位错及位错群 ,冲击波的作用主要是通过引入大量位错和其他缺陷促进致密化过程 ,提高陶瓷材料的机械性能。经过40GPa冲击波活化 1 80 0℃热压烧结的Si3 N4陶瓷性能最好 ,弯曲强度达 1 1 0 7.2MPa ,断裂韧性达 1 2 .2 0MPa .m1/2 。     

烧结助剂对热压SiCw/Si3N4复合材料性能的影响

本文通过热压的方法分别制得以Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ２Ｏ３和Ｙ２Ｏ３－Ｌａ２Ｏ３为烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４陶瓷基复合材料，对比了采用不同种类及含量的烧结助剂的ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的性能结果，发现烧结助剂的种类及含量对ＳｉＣｗ／Ｓｉ３Ｎ４复合材料的弯曲强度和断裂韧性有明显的影响，对高温弯曲强度的影响尤为显著。     

超重力下燃烧合成Al2O3-ZrO2（4Y）共晶陶瓷的自挤压工艺研究

引入自挤压工艺辅助超重力下燃烧合成制备Al2O3-ZrO2（4Y）共晶复合陶瓷,可有效地消除陶瓷制品的缩孔、缩松组织等缺陷,陶瓷致密性得到明显提高,同时又有效地抑制陶瓷裂纹萌生。XRD分析显示共晶陶瓷由α-Al2O3,t-ZrO2及少量的m-ZrO2三相组成,且随自挤压力增大,陶瓷中可相变的t-ZrO2的体积分数增加。SEM观察发现陶瓷的显微组织中的棒状共晶团随自挤压力的增大而细化,体积分数增加,且分布其上的t-ZrO2纤维直径变小,共晶团组织边缘处的ZrO2枝晶逐渐转变为细小的球晶,共晶团边界组织厚度逐渐减小,从而使陶瓷力学性能得以提升。     

纳米颗粒和非晶相复合刷镀层n-Al2O3／Ni-P的制备

采用纳米电刷镀技术在钢基体表面制备了n-Al2O3/Ni-P复合刷镀层,研究了复合刷镀液中纳米颗粒含量、刷镀电压和刷镀笔移动速度对复合刷镀层中P和Al2O3含量的影响.优化后的工艺参数范围为刷镀液中n-Al2O3颗粒含量20～30 g/L、刷镀电压8～12 V、刷镀笔移动速度5～10 m/min.制备的n-Al2O3/Ni-P复合刷镀层组织致密,含有纳米颗粒和非晶相.     

烧结工艺对Ag/AgCl电极电位稳定性的影响

分别采用3种温度(380℃、420℃和450℃)、2种升温方式(直接升温和阶段性保温升温)制备电极,并通过对电极表面微观形貌和金相结构的观察以及电极电位的检测分析方法,比较了不同烧结工艺的电极性能.实验结果表明:烧结后的电极体积略微膨胀,采用380℃阶段性保温升温方式烧结的电极具有更好的表面均匀性以及电位稳定性.     

华东烧结模型的数学计算(Ⅰ)

利用热力学分析和数学计算,给出颗粒表面能的表达式,依此讨论了颗粒的2种典型堆集和华东烧结模型中膨胀机制与收缩机制对烧结体总表面能的作用效果,为工程应用提供依据.     

SiO2气凝胶复合短切莫来石纤维多孔骨架复合材料的制备及性能

将短切莫来石纤维、硅溶胶、B4C粉,经过1260℃烧结制备多孔骨架,以正硅酸乙酯、去离子水和乙醇配制SiO2溶胶,并将多孔骨架与SiO2溶胶浸渍,经过超临界干燥制备SiO2气凝胶复合的莫来石隔热瓦.通过热重和差热分析、X射线能谱分析,表明B4C在700℃～900℃时发生氧化,生成B2O3将短切纤维粘接到一起,莫来石多孔骨架在1500℃以下稳定存在.具有纳米级孔洞结构的SiO2气凝胶填充了多孔骨架的微米级孔洞,隔热瓦的热导率在200℃、500℃、800℃、1000℃分别下降了44.3%、33.8%、34.6%、29.5%.此外,SiO2气凝胶的复合使得抗弯和抗压强度分别提高了50%和40%.     

日研制成新型氮化铝陶瓷

日本电气公司研制成功“新型氮化铝陶瓷”。它与氧化铝陶瓷相比,导热性提高了九倍。导热性越好,散热就越快。用它来作基底,就能在其上配置为数更多的超大规模集成电路和独立的大功率的半导体元件。     

基于分治的属性约简相对核计算

针对信息表中相对核的计算采用分治策略提出了一个新的属性约简方法,将在计算整个全域上的属性约简问题转化为计算在相应划分的子区域上属性约简问题.将原有计算POSX0(Y)的算法复杂度O(|A||U|2),降为O(|A|(|Y1|2+|Y2|2+…+|Yn|2)),对于一般比较大的|U|说,效率提高非常明显,提高了属性约简的可计算性.     

Ti含量对Ti-B4C-C体系自蔓延高温合成的影响

以14Ti+3B4C+5C为基础反应体系,通过热力学分析及静态燃烧合成实验研究了钛含量对该体系SHS反应的绝热温度、反应速度和产物致密度的影响.研究表明,Ti含量适当增加,能够使反应速度加快、产物致密度提高.当Ti过量16%(摩尔分数)时,体系的绝热温度仍高达3 193K,反应速度最快,产物的致密度也较高.     

Influence of yttrium on microstructure and properties of Ni–Al alloy coatings prepared by laser cladding

Ni–Al alloy coatings with different Y additions are prepared on 45^# medium steel by laser cladding. The influence of Y contents on the microstructure and properties of Ni–Al alloy coatings is investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, electron probe microanalyzer, Vickers hardness tester, friction wear testing machine, and thermal analyzer. The results show that the cladding layers are mainly composed of NiAl dendrites, and the dendrites are gradually refined with the increase in Y additions. The purification effect of Y can effectively prevent Al₂O₃ oxide from forming. However, when the atomic percent of Y addition exceeds 1.5%, the extra Y addition will react with O to form Y₂O₃ oxide, even to form Al₅Y₃O₁₂ oxide, depending on the amount of Y added. The Y addition in a range of 1.5–3.5 at.% reduces the hardness and anti-attrition of cladding layer, but improves obviously its wear and oxidation resistances.     

Influence of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing

The influence of three factors, such as volume percentage of reinforcement particles (i.e. Al₂O₃), tool tilt angle and concave angle of shoulder, on the mechanical properties of Cu–Al₂O₃ surface composites fabricated via friction stir processing was studied. Taguchi method was used to optimize these factors for maximizing the mechanical properties of surface composites. The fabricated surface composites were examined by optical microscope for dispersion of reinforcement particles. It was found that Al₂O₃ particles are uniformly dispersed in the stir zone. The tensile properties of the surface composites increased with the increase in the volume percentage of the Al₂O₃ reinforcement particles. This is due to the addition of the reinforcement particles which increases the temperature of recrystallization by pinning the grain boundaries of the copper matrix and blocking the movement of the dislocations. The observed mechanical properties are correlated with microstructure and fracture features.     

表面官能化对碳纳米管/环氧复合材料玻璃化转变温度及韧性的影响

通过碳纳米管的不同表面官能化,构造其与环氧树脂的不同界面。采用动态机械性能分析研究不同表面官能化碳纳米管对环氧树脂复合材料玻璃化转变温度的影响;采用摆锤冲击试验研究环氧树脂复合材料的韧性。结果表明:与纯环氧树脂相比,氨基化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度升高,而羧基化碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的玻璃化转变温度反而有所下降;碳纳米管/环氧树脂复合材料的冲击强度相比纯环氧树脂均提高了近一倍。复合材料性能的这些变化规律主要归因于不同表面官能化碳纳米管与环氧树脂基体间形成了不同的界面。     

Effect of nano powder (Al2O3-CaO) addition on the mechanical properties of the polymer blend matrix composite

This work describes the preparation and study of the properties of composite nanoparticles prepared by the sol-gel method which consists of two materials (Al₂O₃-CaO), and study the effect of these nanoparticles on the mechanical behavior of a polymer blend (EP 4% + 96% UPE). The powder was evaluated by X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy analysis (SEM), particle size analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). The mechanical behavior of the composite material was assessed by tensile test, bending test and hardness test. The evaluation results of the composite nanoparticles showed good distribution of the chemical composition between aluminum oxide and calcium oxide, smoothness in particles' size at calcination in high and low temperatures, formation of different shapes of nanoparticles and different (kappa and gamma) phases of the Al₂O₃ particles. The results of mechanical behavior tests showed marked improvement in the mechanical properties of the resulted composite material, especially at 1.5%, compared with polymer blend material without nano powder addition. The tensile properties improved about (24 and 14.9) % and bending resistance about (23.5 and 16.8) % and hardness by (25 and 22) % when adding particles of size (63.8 and 68.6) respectively. Therefore, this reflects the efficiency of the proposed method to manufacture the nanocomposite powder and the possibility of using this powder as a strengthening material for the composite materials and using these composite materials in bio applications, especially in the fabrication of artificial limbs.     

列车用复合材料阻燃性能研究

不同类别的阻燃剂配合使用能产生协效作用,大大提高阻燃效果。在甲基丙烯酸类不饱和聚酯树脂9001基体中,添加微囊化红磷/氢氧化铝/三氧化二锑/甲基膦酸二甲酯(MRP/Al(OH)3/Sb2O3/DMMP)阻燃剂体系,对其树脂体系固化物及玻璃纤维织物复合材料的力学性能和阻燃性能进行了实验研究,提出了一种有望用于列车复合材料大尺寸构件制造的性能优异、价格低廉的新体系。结果表明,当质量添加比例分别为12%MRP、50%Al(OH)3、2%Sb2O3时,树脂体系室温粘度100mPa.s左右,凝胶时间超过80min,适用于RTM和VIMP等大尺寸构件成型工艺;复合材料拉伸强度215.4MPa,弯曲强度177.15MPa,拉伸模量13.85GPa,弯曲模量13.36GPa,氧指数39.7。     

On estimating the reliability of a component subject to several different stresses (strengths)

This paper is concerned with estimating p = P(X₁ < Y …, X_n < Y) or q =P (X < Y₁, …, X < Y_n) where the X's and Y's are all independent random variables. Applications to estimation of the reliability p from stress-strength relationships are considered where a component is subject to several stresses X₁, X₂, …, X_N whereas its strength, Y, is a single random variable. Similarly, the reliability q is of interest where a component is made of several parts all with their individual strengths Y₁, Y₂ …, Y_N and a single stress X is applied to the component. When the X's and Y's are independent and normal, maximum likelihood estimates of p and q have been obtained. For the case N = 2 and in some special cases, minimum variance unbiased estimates have been given. When the Y's are all exponential and the X is normal with known variance, but unknown mean (or uniform between 0 and θ, θ being unknown) the minimum variance unbiased estimate of q is established in this paper.     

Tuning the reactivity of Al–Ni by fine coating of halogen-containing energetic composites

In this paper, various core-shell structured Al–Ni@ECs composites have been prepared by a spray-drying technique. The involved ECs refer to the energetic composites (ECs) of ammonium perchlorate/nitrocellulose (AP/NC, NA) and polyvinylidene fluoride/hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (PVDF/CL-20, PC). Two Al–Ni mixtures were prepared at atomic ratios of 1:1 and 1:3 and named as Al/Ni and Al/3Ni, respectively. The thermal reactivity and combustion behaviors of Al–Ni@ECs composites have been comprehensively investigated. Results showed that the reactivity and combustion performance of Al–Ni could be enhanced by introducing both NA and PC energetic composites. Among which the Al/Ni@NA composite exhibited higher reactivity and improved combustion performance. The measured flame propagation rate (v = 20.6 mm/s), average combustion wave temperature (T_max = 1567.0 °C) and maximum temperature rise rate (γ_t = 1633.6 °C/s) of Al/Ni@NA are higher than that of the Al/Ni (v = 15.8 mm/s, T_max = 858.0 °C, and γ_t = 143.5 °C/s). The enhancement in combustion properties could be due to presence of the acidic gaseous products from ECs, which could etch the Al₂O₃ shell on the surface of Al particles, and make the inner active Al to be easier transported, so that an intimate and faster intermetallic reaction between Al and Ni would be realized. Furthermore, the morphologies and chemical compositions of the condensed combustion products (CCPs) of Al–Ni@ECs composites were found to be different depending on the types of ECs. The compositions of CCPs are dominated with the Al–Ni intermetallics, combining with a trace amount of Al₅O₆N and Al₂O₃.     

Testing fit with nuisance location and scale parameters

For each n, X₁(n),…, X_n(n) are independent and identically distributed random variables, each with cumulative distribution function F(x) which is known to be absolutely continuous but is otherwise unknown. The problem is to test the hypothesis that \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ F(x) = G\left( {{\textstyle{{x - \theta _1 } \over {\theta _2 }}}} \right) $\end{document}, where the cumulative distribution function G_x is completely specified and satisfies certain regularity conditions, and the parameters θ₁, θ₂ are unknown and unspecified, except that the scale parameter θ₂, is positive. Y₁ (n) ≦ Y₂ (n) ≦ … ≦ Y_n (n)are the ordered values of X₁(n),…, X_n(n). A test based on a certain subset of {Y_i(n)} is proposed, is shown to have asymptotically a normal distribution when the hypothesis is true, and is shown to be consistent against all alternatives satisfying a mild regularity condition.     

On some stochastic inequalities involving minimum of random variables

Let X_i be independent IFR random variables and let Y_i be independent exponential random variables such that E[X_i]=E[Y_i] for all i=1, 2, ? n. Then it is well known that E[min (X_i)] ≥E[min (X_i)]. Nevertheless, for 1≤i≤n exponentially distributed X_i's and for a decreasing convex function ?(.). it is shown that .     

Shock-induced reaction behaviors of functionally graded reactive material

In this paper, the ballistic impact experiments, including impact test chamber and impact double-spaced plates, were conducted to study the reaction behaviors of a novel functionally graded reactive material (FGRM), which was composed of polytetrafluoroethylene/aluminum (PTFE/Al) and PTFE/Al/bismuth trioxide (Bi₂O₃). The experiments showed that the impact direction of the FGRM had a significant effect on the reaction. With the same impact velocity, when the first impact material was PTFE/Al/Bi₂O₃, compared with first impact material PTFE/Al, the FGRM induced higher overpressure in the test chamber and larger damaged area of double-spaced plates. The theoretical model, which considered the shock wave generation and propagation, the effect of the shock wave on reaction efficiency, and penetration behaviors, was developed to analyze the reaction behaviors of the FGRM. The model predicted first impact material of the FGRM with a higher shock impedance was conducive to the reaction of reactive materials. The conclusion of this study provides significant information about the design and application of reactive materials.