舰载捷联惯导动基座 F-QUEST 初始对准方法

针对目前基于惯性系的捷联惯导动基座对准方法信息利用率不高及矢量观测选取不确定性导致对准精度下降的问题,提出了一种新的舰载捷联惯导动基座滤波四元数估计（filter quaternion estimation,F-QUEST）对准方法。构建了捷联惯导动基座初始对准模型,并利用姿态矩阵链式法则将惯导初始对准转化为姿态确定问题,进而采用 F-QUEST 算法求取姿态矩阵以实现捷联惯导动基座对准。车载试验结果表明：相比传统方法,新方法具有更高的对准精度和更快的收敛速度,水平姿态角误差只需3 s 即可收敛到0．01°。     

惯导系统摇摆扰动基座对准技术

摇摆扰动基座上惯导系统初始对准扰动干扰信号强度较大,有用量测信号强度小,系统信噪比弱,对准过程滤波收敛慢.为提高惯导系统在摇摆扰动基座上的对准精度及对准快速性,设计了基于马尔科夫递推滤波参数估计的对准方案,通过开路粗对准及闭路精对准,实现游移方位惯导系统在扰动基座上的平台调平、航向确定及陀螺漂移测定,试验结果表明,所设计的方案达到了较好的效果.     

垂线偏差对捷联惯导姿态对准的影响和补偿

为研究垂线偏差对静基座捷联惯导精对准的影响,建立了考虑垂线偏差的捷联惯导误差方程,将重力扰动项分为引起比力测量偏差的部分g■和用于重力模型修正的部分δg~n,提出等效零偏■;基于考虑垂线偏差的静基座下Kalman滤波对准模型推导了姿态的极限对准精度,并给出提高水平姿态对准精度的最优垂线偏差补偿的表达式。仿真结果表明:垂线偏差主要影响惯导系统初始对准的姿态精度,尤其是水平姿态精度;但对捷联惯导系统进行垂线偏差补偿并不一定能提高姿态对准的极限精度,要根据垂线偏差的大小、方向具体分析;当按照最优垂线偏差补偿公式进行补偿时,能够最大程度地提高水平姿态对准精度。仿真结果与理论分析一致。     

基于改进Elman神经网络的SINS动基座传递对准研究

在运用Kalman滤波进行SINS动基座传递对准时,当模型存在误差或系统噪声不能反映实际噪声时,会降低滤波精度甚至导致滤波发散.针对这个问题,提出基于改进Elman神经网络的SINS动基座传递对准方法.首先通过增加输出层节点的反馈来改进普通的Elman神经网络模型,其次采用强跟踪滤波器对改进Elman神经网络进行训练.利用仿真数据对该算法进行验证,结果表明,该算法能够克服Kalman滤波的缺陷,提高传递对准精度达100%～150%.     

粒子滤波GPS/SINS组合导航系统动基座传递对准

在SINS(捷联式惯性导航系统)与GPS(全球定位系统)组合传递对准时,航向角的可观测性较弱,经过卡尔曼滤波后,航向角误差虽有所改善,但仍呈发散趋势,针对GPS/SINS组合系统特点,提出了一种动基座传递对准方案,依靠GPS测量信息进行速度匹配,完成动基座传递对准.该方案采用粒子滤波方法解决对准过程中的非线性问题.仿真结果表明该方案的对准精度(1σ)可以达到东向失准角误差为5角分,北向失准角误差为2角分,方位失准角误差为6角分.     

精确制导火箭弹传递对准研究

以常规火箭弹制导化改造过程中弹载捷联惯导的初始对准为背景,研究了利用发射车车载高精度定位定向系统作为主惯导,对火箭弹捷联惯导进行传递对准的速度加姿态匹配方案,介绍了在三轴转台上进行实验验证的方法、过程和结果。实验结果表明,该方案对准精度高、对准时间短、对准机动要求简单,可以有效完成制导火箭弹捷联惯导的初始对准。     

一种单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准方法

在晃动条件下,需要延长粗对准时间来提高粗对准精度。否则,无法把方位误差控制在小角度范围内,从而导致后续的精对准无法快速收敛。针对这个问题,提出了一种利用逆向导航技术的单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准方法,最大限度地延长粗对准时间,并把采样数据存储下来,进行逆向精对准。这种算法充分地利用了对准数据,在固定对准时间内极大程度的提高了对准精度。试验证明,这种算法计算量小,算法简单,能实现单轴旋转捷联惯导系统高精度快速对准,且对准精度高,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

捷联惯导惯性系动基座对准算法研究

针对船载等晃动基座环境,利用多级低通FIR数字滤波器和过渡的惯性坐标系,实现了惯性系动基座对准。分析表明,对准精度取决于等效的东向陀螺漂移大小以及FIR滤波器组的特性,该方法的对准时间长短取决于FIR滤波器组的阶次,并从原理上解决了大失准角问题。实验结果表明:惯性系对准新方案的对准精度与传统罗经方法精度相当,但新方法收敛更快,而且适用于任意失准角。     

捷联惯导空中粗对准方法

针对飞机进近着陆对捷联惯导系统空中重新对准功能的需求,提出一种基于四元数的解析粗对准方法,该方法对飞行动态和飞行平稳性没有要求.推导了利用GNSS测量的速度信息和惯导系统的输出信息对载体姿态进行解算的方法,对精度的影响因素进行了分析.仿真结果表明,该方法可在较宽的动态范围内保持较高的对准精度,计算量较小,速度较快,满足空中粗对准对速度和精度的要求.     

基于全信息的捷联惯导初始对准方法

经典的基于速度误差信息观测捷联惯导初始对准在静止基座情况下,存在着对方位信息观测性差,对加速度计常值零偏无法观测等问题。从粗对准的思想出发,提出增加等效陀螺仪信息作为观测量的全信息初始对准方法。给出了观测量增息的方法及观测方程。采用逐步增息的方法,通过观察可观测性矩阵秩及奇异值分析方法对三种量测方法的观测性和观测度进行了对比分析。分析表明引入陀螺仪信息量测后,系统的方位误差观测性和加速度计常值偏置的观测性得到了提高。仿真结果表明该方法相对常规方法,对方位误差的估计精度及估计速度的提高效果显著。这对于在静止基座下缩短初始对准时间和提高对准精度具有十分重要的意义。     

Helping hands: civil–military cooperation and Italy's military operation abroad

In the Post-Bipolar Era the growing complexity of the military operations requires a new approach for the resolution of international crises. Since the end of the Cold War, peace support operations (PSO) have become the mainstay and principal occupation of most Western armies. At the same time, Italy has been one of the most important actors in such an area. The article focuses on the cooperation between military and civil components (a process called CIMIC) as a key variable in the Italian PSOs. We will analyse in detail the main lessons learned from past military interventions as well as the general context in which new tendencies are taking place. The maintaining of a minimum security frame becomes essential to fulfil activities ‘collateral’ to the mission: reconstructing services and infrastructure, food distribution, water and medication, law and order, de-mining, training of local forces, and supporting local institutions. These are the main tasks to obtain thrust and support from the population.     

Terrorism,insurgency, kidnapping,and security in Africa's energy sector

Energy continues to serve as the bedrock of modern economies and the main driver of modern society. For Africa, the production and supply of energy resources such as crude oil, natural gas, uranium, coal, biomass, biofuels and other renewables are an important source of employment, rents, taxes, royalties and profits. This sector brings in several tens of billions of dollars of revenue annually. The production and delivery of such resources, however, depend on critical infrastructures such as pipelines, refineries, processing plants, terminals, rigs, electrical energy pylons, substations, pump stations, vessels, and tankers. These infrastructures have been attacked by terrorists, insurgents, vandals and saboteurs, all of whom see them as targets against which to register their grievances and extract concessions from the state. This paper is a chronological account of some of the documented incidents of terrorism, insurgency, kidnapping, destruction, sabotage, and human casualties suffered in the oil and gas sectors in Africa between 1999 and 2012. It is based on data extracted from the databases of the RAND Database of World Terrorism Incidents and the University of Maryland's Global Terrorism Database (GTD).     

A1 Qaeda and the radical Islamic challenge to western strategy

The September 11 global crisis prompted by the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon raises major questions concerning the nature and trajectory of terrorism in the post-Cold War global order. Hitherto, terrorism has been largely debated by analysts at the level of nation states. Terrorist and insurgent movements have also been largely anchored in nationalist and ethnic power bases even when they have sought to mobilise a transnational ideological appeal on religious or class grounds. There have been a few exceptions to this pattern such as the alliance between the German Baader-Meinhof group and the Japanese Red Army Faction, but even such international alliances as this did not, until at least the 1980s, presage anything like a global terrorist network necessitating a global strategic response. This study examines terrorism and global strategic responses.     

Tacit support for terrorism: The rapprochement between the USSR and Palestinian guerrilla organizations following the 1967 war

This article demonstrates the inconsistent and wavering Soviet attitude towards national liberation movements in general and the Palestinian organizations in particular. Until the late 1960s, the Soviets viewed these organizations with suspicion, hesitating to engage in political dialogue with them. However, in the 1970s, political and military events in the region, as well as modifications in the Kremlin's Cold War strategies, led to a general shift towards the Middle East in Soviet foreign policy. Soviet leaders showed increased willingness to provide certain Palestinian organizations with arms with which to conduct terrorist activities against Israeli, pro-Israeli, Jewish and Western targets. The article explores the complex relations between Palestinian organizations and the USSR in the field of international terror. The study also exposes and analyzes the nature and content of Soviet–Palestinian arms dialogues and transactions. It provides clear evidence that Soviet policymakers and other luminaries were fully informed of, and sometimes directly involved in, these transactions and dialogues at the highest levels.     

Helping hands: external support for the KNU insurgency in Burma

This article analyses to what extent the Burmese KNU insurgency made use of external support from states, refugees, and diasporas. Based on extensive fieldwork it is concluded that support from neighbouring states and refugees has for years kept the Karen rebellion alive. Western countries perceived forms of resistance to the illegitimate Burmese regime as just and have therefore played a crucial role in the continuation of conflict in Karen State. It is important that policymakers and donors as well as executing organizations continue to reflect critically on the way they exercise their work.     

基于GTST-DMLD-ESD的装备RMS建模仿真

装备的RMS是装备的重要设计参数,是影响战备完好和保障能力的关键因素.引入GTST-DMLD作为主要建模工具,建立起装备系统的RMS描述模型,以ESD为补充和扩展,对维修过程进行建模.并以GTST-DMLD-ESD模型作为装备RMS仿真的核心,对装备RMS仿真模型的总体框架进行了研究,并对各模块进行了较为详细的探讨.     

Cyber sheiks and grassroots jihadis: the war in Syria and the devolution of the Bosnian Salafi communities

ABSTRACT

What was the scope of the Bosnian jihadi participation in the war in Syria? Did the Bosnian volunteers tend to join one particular faction? Why did the Bosnian youngsters decide to join the holy war in the Levant? Was this an organized and hierarchical process or was this a grassroots movement? Last, were all the Salafis in Bosnia supportive of this dynamic or did this process cause internal frictions? These are some of the questions that this research will try to answer.     

Country survey XVI the defence sector in the economy of a declining superpower: Soviet Union and Russia, 1965-2001

The Soviet Union was able to develop a large military-industrial complex and become the world's second superpower despite deficiencies in its centrally planned economy because defence was given high priority status and special planning, rationing and administrative mechanisms were used to attain national security objectives. However, in the period 1976-85 the effectiveness of priority protection diminished and defence institutions experienced more of the problems typical of the shortage economic system. The heavy defence burden also created growing difficulties for the civilian economy. The attempts by the Gorbachev government to reform the defence sector and improve defence-economic relationships during perestroika (1985-91) uniformly failed. For most of the transition period, the Russian military-industrial complex has been adversely affected by its low priority status, cuts in defence spending, instability of the hybrid politico-economic system, and negative growth of the economy. The armed forces and defence industry have been reduced in size and their outputs of military services and equipment have fallen to low levels. Nevertheless, the Russian armed forces still have over one million troops, significant stocks of sophisticated conventional weapons, and a large nuclear arsenal. The government of President Putin has raised the priority of the defence sector, increased real defence spending, and adopted ambitious plans to revive Russian military power. It is likely, though, that tight resource constraints will hamper efforts to reform the armed forces and to upgrade weapons. By 2010 Russia will be an important, but not dominant, military power in Eurasia.     

Traffickers,terrorists, and a ‘new security challenge’: Russian counternarcotics strategy and the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade

The collapse of the Soviet Union precipitated the massive expansion of drug use and trade in Russia. The country now has one of the largest populations of injecting drug users in the world and has become the largest single-country market for Afghan heroin. In 2003 the Federal Service for the Control of the Drugs Trade was created to coordinate a comprehensive counternarcotics strategy appropriate to the scale of this threat. The service continues to face a number of challenges in its early stages of development. However, it has made considerable advances in improving responses to large-scale organised crime and in building international cooperation.