华东烧结模型的数学计算(Ⅰ)

利用热力学分析和数学计算,给出颗粒表面能的表达式,依此讨论了颗粒的2种典型堆集和华东烧结模型中膨胀机制与收缩机制对烧结体总表面能的作用效果,为工程应用提供依据.     

华东烧结模型的数学计算(Ⅱ)

通过热力学分析和数学计算，讨论颗粒呈现面心立方堆积方式时，华东烧结模型中膨胀机制和收缩机制对烧结体总表面能的作用和总孔隙度比变化的影响，计算表明烧结过程中收缩机制占主导地位。     

华东烧结模型的数学计算(Ⅲ)

通过热力学分析和计算,讨论等径球(椭球)与均匀分布不等径球(椭球)的体心正方堆积的烧结体积和表面能的变化,包括华东烧结模型中膨胀机制和收缩机制,对烧结体总表面能变化的作用和影响,发现随着烧结过程的进行,烧结收缩机制逐渐占主导地位。     

界面改性对SiCp/Cu复合材料导热性能的影响

采用磁控溅射法结合结晶化热处理工艺在SiC颗粒表面成功制备了金属Mo涂层,分析Mo涂层的成分和形貌;采用热压烧结工艺制备SiCp/Cu复合材料,重点对比分析Mo界面阻挡层厚度对复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明:磁控溅射法能够在SiC颗粒表面沉积得到Mo涂层,随溅射时间的延长,Mo涂层的厚度增加、粗糙度增大,且磁控溅射后SiC颗粒表面直接得到的Mo涂层为非晶态,结晶化热处理后,变为致密平整的晶态Mo涂层。磁控溅射时间对Mo涂层厚度和复合材料导热性能影响明显。随磁控溅射时间的增加,复合材料的热导率呈先增后减趋势。采用磁控溅射9h镀Mo改性并经过800℃结晶化热处理的SiC复合粉体在850℃下热压烧结制备的SiCp/Cu复合材料(VSiC=50%),其热导率达到了最高值274.056W/(m·K)。     

界面改性对SiCp/Cu复合材料导热性能的影响*(复合材料专题)

采用磁控溅射法结合结晶化热处理工艺在碳化硅（Silicon Carbide, SiC）颗粒表面成功制备了金属钼（Molybdenum, Mo）涂层，分析了Mo涂层的成分和形貌；然后采用热压烧结工艺制备了SiCp/Cu复合材料，重点对比分析了Mo界面阻挡层厚度对复合材料导热性能的影响。结果表明：磁控溅射法能够在SiC颗粒表面沉积得到Mo 涂层，随溅射时间的延长Mo涂层的厚度增加、粗糙度增大，且磁控溅射后SiC颗粒表面直接得到的Mo涂层为非晶态，结晶化热处理后，变为致密平整的晶态Mo涂层。磁控溅射时间即Mo涂层厚度对复合材料导热性能影响明显，随磁控溅射时间的增加，复合材料的热导率呈现先增后减趋势，采用磁控溅射9h镀Mo改性并经过800℃结晶化热处理的SiC复合粉体在850℃下热压烧结制备的SiCp/Cu复合材料（VSiC=50%），其热导率达到了最高值274.056W/(m·K)。     

非均匀形核法制备Cu包覆纳米SiO2复合粉体

采用非均匀形核法制备了Cu包覆纳米SiO2复合颗粒,利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜、能谱仪及透射电镜等分析手段对复合颗粒进行了表征,并探讨了包覆结构的形成机制。结果表明:复合颗粒分散均匀,无团聚,单颗粒内包含多个分布均匀的纳米SiO2颗粒,且均被Cu包覆层隔离,纳米SiO2颗粒的分散性得到了显著改善;新制备的复合颗粒不存在氧化,在存放或者制样过程中会部分氧化为Cu2O;纳米SiO2颗粒表面Cu包覆层的形成机制主要是非均匀形核作用,包覆的结构取决于 Cu晶粒在纳米SiO2颗粒表面的沉积以及对复合颗粒的团聚控制。     

超细粉体颗粒表面改性研究进展

概述了超细粉体颗粒表面改性的重要性、团聚原因和表面改性的作用,重点阐述了不同的表面处理方法及粒子与多种改性剂之间的相互作用机理,指出了超细粉体颗粒改性的目的在于通过降低粒子的表面能和改变粒子的表面极性,减少粒子间的团聚,促进超细粉体粒子的分散。     

相对静止气氛下硼颗粒着火过程

针对相对静止气氛下单颗粒硼的着火过程展开了系统研究,考虑硼颗粒周围径向气相流动以及硼颗粒与周围环境间的传热和传质过程,建立了一维硼颗粒着火模型。分析了硼颗粒在实现着火和未能实现着火两种典型情形下的颗粒相、气相组分参数以及颗粒外表面上Stefan流的变化规律,并对其成因展开了分析。研究表明,在实现着火和未能实现着火两种典型情形下,硼颗粒外表面的Stefan流都会经历先由周围空间流向颗粒表面,而后变为由颗粒表面流向周围空间的过程;考虑颗粒外表面处气相Stefan流作用后,硼颗粒的着火延迟时间减少,且压力越大,影响越大。     

烧结工艺对Ag/AgCl电极电位稳定性的影响

分别采用3种温度(380℃、420℃和450℃)、2种升温方式(直接升温和阶段性保温升温)制备电极,并通过对电极表面微观形貌和金相结构的观察以及电极电位的检测分析方法,比较了不同烧结工艺的电极性能.实验结果表明:烧结后的电极体积略微膨胀,采用380℃阶段性保温升温方式烧结的电极具有更好的表面均匀性以及电位稳定性.     

基于表面等离子吸收的变色纳米传感器

基于表面等离子吸收的变色纳米传感器的工作原理是当颗粒聚集时，纳米颗粒溶液变换颜色，尤其是有害物质含量很少时，溶液依旧能变换颜色。此技术可以形成易用、便携的野战装备，能够准确和迅速地识别毒素、病毒和病菌。     

微米级NaCl微粒的粒度与分散性控制

通过控制酸性环境、添加表面活性剂、加入纳米SiO2粒子和引入超声波场,利用盐析结晶方式制备了粒度较为均匀的NaCl微粒,粒径范围为1～11μm.采用SEM、XRD对NaCl微粒进行了表征,结果表明微粒具有完好的立方体晶体特征和NaCl特征峰.根据实验结果分析了NaCl微粒结晶粒子的形成机理.     

基于云进化的遗传粒子滤波算法

针对粒子滤波器存在的粒子贫乏问题,提出了一种基于云模型改进的遗传重采样方法。选择操作采用相隔一定代数进行随机采样的方式,防止选择压力过大导致粒子贫化;利用Y云发生器实现变异操作,根据粒子的观测概率自适应控制搜索范围,在现有粒子的附近搜索精良粒子,在提高粒子有效性的同时增加了粒子的多样性。仿真结果表明：改进后的算法有效地解决了粒子的贫乏问题,提高了滤波性能。     

基于偶极子理论的磁流变液流变特性模拟分析

根据磁性颗粒的偶极子理论,建立了磁性颗粒的三维动力学模型,模拟了三维状态下磁流变液磁性颗粒成链的过程,对影响成链速度的因素如磁场强度等进行了分析,结果表明:静态磁流变液的成链速度与磁性颗粒的体积分数、颗粒的大小及磁场强度成正比。对剪切速率为200s-1时磁流变液的动态特性进行仿真,结果发现:磁性链条处于一种动态平衡,但支链明显增多,导致剪切屈服应力下降。     

进气道角度对含硼推进剂固冲发动机性能的影响

为了提高含硼推进剂固体火箭冲压发动机内硼颗粒的燃烧效率,采用颗粒轨道模型进行了补燃室两相流的数值模拟,其中硼颗粒的点火和燃烧模型采用的是King模型,建立了发动机补燃室内简单反应流模型,在该模型下研究了进气道的位置对非壅塞固体火箭冲压发动机燃烧效率的影响,并在此基础上进行直连式试验研究.结果表明,后进气道角度为60°时的燃烧效率比90°时高.     

Research on simultaneous localization and mapping for AUV by an improved method: Variance reduction FastSLAM with simulated annealing

At present, simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) for an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is a research hotspot. Aiming at the problem of non-linear model and non-Gaussian noise in AUV motion, an improved method of variance reduction fast simultaneous localization and mapping (FastSLAM) with simulated annealing is proposed to solve the problems of particle degradation, particle depletion and particle loss in traditional FastSLAM, which lead to the reduction of AUV location estimation accuracy. The adaptive exponential fading factor is generated by the anneal function of simulated annealing algorithm to improve the effective particle number and replace resampling. By increasing the weight of small particles and decreasing the weight of large particles, the variance of particle weight can be reduced, the number of effective particles can be increased, and the accuracy of AUV location and feature location estimation can be improved to some extent by retaining more information carried by particles. The experimental results based on trial data show that the proposed simulated annealing variance reduction FastSLAM method avoids particle degradation, maintains the diversity of particles, weakened the degeneracy and improves the accuracy and stability of AUV navigation and localization system.     

悬浮固相颗粒对储集层基质孔隙的堵塞规律研究

应用胜利油区8个不同区块的岩心及注入水,采用岩心流动实验手段,研究了注入水中悬浮颗粒对储层孔隙的堵塞特征,发现悬浮颗粒对储层的堵塞特征表现为孔隙逐步堵塞和迅速堵塞两种类型;悬浮颗粒浓度低且孔径与粒径的比值较大时易形成孔隙避步堵塞;悬浮颗粒浓度大或孔径与粒径的比值较小时易形成迅速堵塞;悬浮颗粒对储层的堵塞程度、堵塞类型是颗粒浓度、颗粒粒径与储层孔喉匹配综合作用的结果;迅速堵塞特征的初始堵塞效果主要取决于孔径与粒径的匹配关系,最终堵塞效果主要与注入水中的颗粒浓度有关;高浓度的小颗粒对孔隙基质的堵塞特征表现为迅速堵塞。     

Influence of Al2O3 particles on the microstructure and mechanical properties of copper surface composites fabricated by friction stir processing

The influence of three factors, such as volume percentage of reinforcement particles (i.e. Al₂O₃), tool tilt angle and concave angle of shoulder, on the mechanical properties of Cu–Al₂O₃ surface composites fabricated via friction stir processing was studied. Taguchi method was used to optimize these factors for maximizing the mechanical properties of surface composites. The fabricated surface composites were examined by optical microscope for dispersion of reinforcement particles. It was found that Al₂O₃ particles are uniformly dispersed in the stir zone. The tensile properties of the surface composites increased with the increase in the volume percentage of the Al₂O₃ reinforcement particles. This is due to the addition of the reinforcement particles which increases the temperature of recrystallization by pinning the grain boundaries of the copper matrix and blocking the movement of the dislocations. The observed mechanical properties are correlated with microstructure and fracture features.     

Thermal decomposition of ammonium perchlorate catalyzed with CuO nanoparticles

Ammonium perchlorate (APC) is the most common oxidizer in use for solid rocket propulsion systems. However its initial thermal decomposition is an endothermic process that requires 102.5 J·g⁻¹. This manner involves high activation energy and could render high burning rate regime. This study reports on the sustainable fabrication of CuO nanoparticles as a novel catalyzing agent for APC oxidizer. Colloidal CuO nanoparticles with consistent product quality were fabricated by using hydrothermal processing. TEM micrographs demonstrated mono-dispersed particles of 15 nm particle size. XRD diffractogram demonstrated highly crystalline material. The synthesized colloidal CuO particles were effectively coated with APC particles via co-precipitation by using fast-crash solvent–antisolvent technique. The impact of copper oxide particles on APC thermal behavior has been investigated using DSC and TGA techniques. APC demonstrated an initial endothermic decomposition stage at 242 °C with subsequent two exothermic decomposition stages at 297.8 °C and 452.8 °C respectively. At 1 wt%, copper oxide offered decrease in initial endothermic decomposition stage by 30%. The main outcome of this study is that the two main exothermic decomposition peaks were merged into one single peak with an increase in total heat release by 53%. These novel features can inherit copper oxide particles unique catalyzing ability for advanced highly energetic systems.     

Nanothermite colloids: A new prospective for enhanced performance

Nanothermites (metal oxide/metal) can offer tremendously exothermic self sustained reactions. CuO is one of the most effective oxidizers for naonothermite applications. This study reports on two prospectives for the manufacture of CuO nanoparticles. Colloidal CuO particles of 15 nm particle size were developed using hydrothermal synthesis technique. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with surface are 700 m²/g was employed as a substrate for synthesis of CuO-coated MWCNTs using electroless plating. On the other hand, aluminium particles with combustion heat of 32000 J/g is of interest as high energy density material. The impact of stoichiometric nanothermite particles (CuO/Al & Cuo-coated MWCNTs/Al) on shock wave strength of Al/TNT nanocomposite was evaluated using ballistic mortar test. While CuO-coated MWCNTs decreased the shock wave strength by 15%; colloidal CuO enhanced the shock wave strength by 30%. The superior performance of colloidal CuO particles was correlated to their steric stabilization with employed organic solvent. This is the first time ever to report on fabrication, isolation, and integration of stablilized colloidal nanothermite particles into energetic matrix where intimate mixing between oxidizer and metal fuel could be achieved.     

快速傅立叶变换用于Fokker-Planck-Landau方程的数值求解

利用谱方法和FFT技术对Fokker-Planck-Landau方程进行了数值求解,研究了均匀空间条件下粒子在速度空间的分布函数随时间的演化。数值计算表明,所用计算方法能够很好地满足质量、动量和能量守恒要求,计算速度与有限差分方法相比大大加快。